Colorful Thinking
What color is your thinking? Six Thinking Hats, a book by Edward DeBono, provides a colorful
structure to guide children as they discuss a topic or issue from six different perspectives. There
are six colored hats and each color represents a different type of thinking: the white hat is used
for facts and evidence, the red hat elicits feelings or emotions that are associated with the topic,
the yellow hat focuses on the positive aspects, and the black hat focuses on the negative aspects.
The green hat is reserved for creative ideas and the blue hat takes all ideas into consideration in
order to formulate a plan. The colors provide an important visual that children associate with
each type of thinking. Children may draw, color, and cut out the hats from paper, cut out
different color hats from a magazine, collect hats of the different colors, or create the hats out of
colored construction paper.
The strategy helps children analyze their thinking and raises their awareness of the complexity of
the thinking process. For example, when they are wearing the white hat, they are focused on the
facts. They gather and check information that is available and search for information that is still
needed by asking questions and consulting various sources. Questions that accompany the white
hat include:
 What information do we have?
 What information do we need?
 What information is missing?
 What questions do we need to ask?
 How are we going to get the information that is needed?
This could be applied to a vacation that the family is planning. Children would start researching
various destinations and collect the facts about location, what to do there, how long it takes to get
there, means of transportation, climate, and what others have said about this destination.
Next, they would put on the red hat and focus on emotions that are associated with the topic,
suggestion, or idea. The red hat gives children the opportunity to express how they feel about
each one and to consider how others may feel. Questions associated with the red hat include:
 What are my feelings about this?
 How do I think others may feel?
The red hat helps children separate emotions from facts and leads to an understanding that
emotions may change as they learn more information. For example, when considering a location
for a family vacation, children may initially choose a location that sounds exciting to them such
as a theme park. After doing some research on other choices, their feelings may change and they
may be just as excited about a trip to the ocean.
The black hat is used to point out the weaknesses of an idea and determine if it is even possible.
The black hat is somber, serious, cautious, and careful. When children put on the black hat, they
check the impact or consequences of each alternative, both long term and short term. Black hat
questions might include:
 What are the weaknesses?
 What problems might arise?
 Is this logical or practical?
As children consider different alternatives for a family vacation, the black hat may reveal that a
destination is too far for a weeklong vacation or perhaps the cost is not within the family budget.
Once the weaknesses are identified, it is time to be optimistic. The yellow hat is sunny, and
positive. It looks for the good points and logical reasons why an idea will work. It also comes
up with reasons why the idea is a good one and why it is worth doing. Yellow hat questions
include:
 What are the benefits?
 What are the good points?
 What is the positive value?
This hat gives a child the opportunity to promote an idea using the power of positive thinking.
What are the reasons that each destination would work well for a family vacation?
The next hat is green and gives children the opportunity to look at possibilities and create
solutions. Green is the color of growth and encourages the creation of new and different ideas.
It is an opportunity to generate alternatives that might include a combination of ideas that have
already been considered. For example, instead of a theme park, a trip to the beach might include
selecting a beach with a boardwalk that would include rides and entertainment. Questions that
lead to green hat thinking include:
 How can this be taken further?
 Where does this idea take me?
 What else is possible?
The blue hat is the last hat to be considered. Blue is cool, and it is also the color of the sky
which is above everything else. The blue hat is concerned with planning and organizing the
thinking that has evolved through the use of the other hats. The blue hat helps a child process
all of the ideas that have been generated and begin to plan next steps. It includes reviewing all
of the alternatives that have been considered through the various hats in order to reach an
outcome or solution. Blue hat questions include:
 What other thinking is needed?
 What is the next step?
 What plan is needed?
 Are we ready to make an informed decision and what will it be?
As applied to a family vacation, the blue hat can lead to a decision about what the destination
will be and engages the entire family in the planning process.
Once they are comfortable with the idea of the hats, parents can use the hats as a way of raising a
child’s awareness of their response or reaction to different situations. For example, if a child is
upset, a parent may say, I know you are upset, and it is important to recognize the red hat and
your feelings. Now let’s put on the white hat, and tell me the facts, exactly what happened that
led to your feelings? Or if a child is asking a parent for a pet such as a kitten, a parent may
suggest that the child view this proposal through the various hats and ask, what are the facts
about owning a pet kitten and the care that it needs? How does the rest of the family feel about
the idea of having a kitten? What problems might arise e.g., who will take care of the kitten
when the family is away? What would be the benefits of having a family pet? If not a kitten,
what other pets might be considered? And finally, once all factors have been considered, the
blue hat would lead to a plan of action for obtaining and caring for the pet.
The hats are fun and can be used with people of all ages to solve problems, address issues, or
make decisions. Each hat is equal in value and helps children in their thinking by focusing on
one type of thinking at a time. As children learn how to talk about each hat and the associated
thinking, they begin to realize the difference between facts and emotions and how one can
influence the other. They realize the importance of considering both the positive and negative
aspects of an idea. The green hat encourages creativity as they formulate new ideas and
solutions that may not have been considered initially. And finally, the blue hat helps them
organize their thinking and design a plan to move forward.
In the words of Edward DeBono, “The main difficulty of thinking is confusion. We try to do too
much at once. Emotions, information, logic, hope, and creativity all crowd in on us. It is like
juggling with too many balls.” DeBono’s Six Thinking Hats are a powerful tool to help children
become better thinkers and better decision makers.
Dr. Carol V. Horn, K-12 Advanced Academic Program Coordinator
Fairfax County Public Schools