Photosynthesis & Respiration
Cell Energy
• Energy for living things comes from ____________. Originally, the energy in food comes from the____________.
•
•
Organisms that use ______________________ from the sun to produce food
- _________________________ (auto = self)
Ex: _______________ and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)
Organisms that _________________ use the sun’s energy to make food
- ___________________________ - must eat their food
Ex: __________________ and most microorganisms
Adenine

•
•
•
•
•
Cells usable source of _______________ is called ____________
ATP stands for __________________________________________
ADP stands for __________________________________________
All energy is stored in the _____________ of compounds—__________________
the bond __________________ the energy
When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a
______________________________ to ADP, producing _____________
ATP is converted into ADP by breaking the ________________ between the
second and third phosphate groups and
____________________________________ for cellular
processes.
Adenine
Ribose
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
2 Phosphate groups
Importance of ATP
1. ____________ organisms release ATP from the break down of glucose during cellular respiration
2. ATP ________________ the activities of the cell and allows living things to do work
3. ATP/ADP is a cycle that releases/stores energy for cell processes
4. ATP is used to actively transport material across the cell membrane
Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis is the process by which the energy of ____________________ is
___________________ into the chemical energy of ____________________
• Photosynthesis occurs in the ___________________________ of plants
• Light absorbing compound is a ___________________________
• pigments ____________________ some wavelengths of light and _________________
others
• the color our eyes see is the color that the pigment reflects
• ________________________ is the pigment inside the ______________________ the
absorbs light for photosynthesis
• General formula for photosynthesis:
sunlight
•
____________________________ + ________________
sunlight
•
6CO2
+ 6H2O
—>
C6H12O6 + 6O2
—>
____________________ + ____________________
Light Reaction
o Takes place in the _____________________ membrane (contains chlorophyll)
 _________________ needed for the light reaction:
o Water, Light, ADP, NADP+
 ________________ made from light reaction and USED in dark reaction:
o ATP energy to make sugar
o NADPH supplies e- and H to make C6H12O6
 ______________ is __________________ into the air
Dark Reaction
 Takes place in the ________________
 ___________________ needed for the dark reaction:
o CO2, ATP, NADPH
 ___________________ made from the dark reaction used in light
reaction are:
o ADP returns to the light reaction to make more ATP
o NADP returns to the light reaction to pick up more electrons and Hydrogens
 __________________ is made in the dark reaction for use throughout the organism.
Summary
 Light Reaction
o H2O is __________________________________ and light energy is stored temporarily in ___________
and _________________
o _______________________ released.
 Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction)
o energy is _______________________ from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound ______________
Location
Reactants
Products
Light
Reaction
Thylakoid
___________
Light
ADP and NADP
from dark
reaction
__________ –
energy to
make sugar
NADPH –
electrons and
Hydrogen to
make glucose
Dark
Reaction
– Calvin
Cycle
Stroma
___________
ATP and NADPH
from light
reaction
__________ and
NADP back to
light reaction
GLUCOSE
Release
_______
to the air
Cellular Respiration
• Process where energy of __________________ is ____________________ in the cell to
be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)
• Respiration occurs in ___________ cells
• Takes place in the ___________________________
• Can take place either with or without _____________________ present.
Aerobic Respiration
• _______________________ oxygen
• occurs in the __________________________
• Net total of 36 ATP produced
• Formula
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
•
_________________ + ________________ —> __________________________ + _____________ + ______________

Step 1 – Glycolysis
o First pathway of respiration - ___________ organisms perform this (aerobic AND anaerobic)
o Takes place in the _________________________ on enzymes
o Splits glucose in half to form 2 __________________________________ (pyruvate)
o Gives off enough energy to make _________________

Step 2 – Krebs Cycle
o Also called the _____________________________________
o pyruvic acid is broken down and CO2 is released
o Occurs in _________________ of mitochondria

Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain
o electrons from Krebs Cycle converts ADP into ____________
o Occurs along inner membrane (________________) of mitochondria
Anaerobic Respiration or Fermentation:
 pathway organisms use when _____________________________ is available to the cell
 Mostly unicellular organisms (low energy requirement)
 Much ______________ ATP produced than in aerobic respiration
 Goes through ________________________ first, which makes 2 ATP
 2 kinds: Lactic Acid and Alcoholic
Lactic Acid Fermentation
pyruvic acid
—>





Performed by ____________________________ (animals)
-Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid ______________________, when the body
cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues
-causes a ________________________________________ in muscles
-Also occurs in some bacteria
-Used to create food products like yogurt and cheese
Alcohol Fermentation
pyruvic acid



______________________
—>
_______________________________________________________
occurs in ______________________________________
Process used by baking and brewing industry
yeast produces _____________ gas during fermentation to make dough rise and gives bread its
holes
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

________________________ of one reaction are the ________________________ of the other (and vice versa)

Cells require a _______________________ source of _____________________ for life processes, but keep only a
small amount of _____________ on hand. Cells can make more ATP by using the energy stored in
foods, like glucose.
The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by ________________________________________
and repackaged into the energy of ATP.
