Name ______________________________
Teacher ____________________________
Period ______________________________
Date _______________________________
English I
Fall 2012
Research Paper
Parenthetical Citations
A Parenthetical Citation is a structured and important piece of MLA format. The sole purpose is to
provide a way for us to use source information to support our opinions in academic writing. In order
to prevent plagiarizing, we must accurately give credit to the source document using parenthetical
citations, regardless of whether it is a paraphrase or direct quote.
Review: A standard parenthetical citation includes
1. Parentheses
2. Author’s last name
3. Page number of source
Paraphrased Example: These findings could help surgeons plan operations and find a cure for the
runny nose (Lovelace 59).
More Parenthetical Citations
Source Type
Required Info and Format
Example
Standard (one author)
(Lastname #).
(Hinton 25).
Two authors
(lastname and lastname #).
(Hinnerichs and Russell 25).
Work with three authors or more
(lastname et al. #).
(Disney et al. 25).
Work with no author (work listed
by title)
(“Most Specific Title” #).
(“Student of the Year” 8).
Indirect source (a quote of a
quote)
(Original qtd. In Author #).
(Demko qtd. In Warner 4).
Directions: On the back are 3 sample passages and the required information you need to
determine 1) which kind of parenthetical citations are needed and 2) parenthetically cite it.
Happiness is not to be achieved at the command of emotional whims. Happiness is not the
satisfaction of whatever irrational wishes you might blindly attempt to indulge. Happiness is a state of
non-contradictory joy-a joy without penalty or guilt, a joy that does not clash with any of your values
and does not work for your own destruction, not the joy of faking reality, but of using your mind’s
fullest power, not the joy of a drunkard, but of a producer. Happiness is possible only to a rational
man, the man who desires nothing but rational goals, seeks nothing but rational values and finds his
joy in nothing but rational actions.
Author: Ayn Rand
Media: Print
Page: 1022
Place: New York
Publisher: Penguin Group
Title Book: Atlas Shrugged
Year: 1957
1)
2)
A new study shows 28% of teenage girls and 7% of teenage boys have used indoor tanning booths at
least three times or more. Researchers say it's the first real estimate of how often teens use indoor
tanning salons and suggests that a large number of American teens may be ignoring the risks
associated with ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. "Repeated exposure to UV rays, such as those
absorbed during indoor tanning, can cause skin cancer and premature aging of the skin," says
researcher Catherine A. Demko, PhD, of Case Western University, in a news release. "The majority
of teens do not have an appreciation of the risk of skin cancers, scars from surgeries to try and
remove them, mottled pigmentation, and sagging, wrinkled skin."
Title Article: “Indoor Tanning and Teens:
Author: Jennifer Warner
Risky Mix?-Study Raises Concerns About
Media: Web
Tanning Booth Use Among Teens”
Title Periodical: WebMD Medical News
Page: 1
Reviewer: Brunilda Nazario, MD
Year: 2003
Title Search Database: Ebscohost
Date: September 12
1)
2)
Just as the CDC reports that the national decline in youth smoking rates may have stalled, a report
from The Cochrane Collaboration indicates that although some cessation programs show promise for
helping adolescents quit, the evidence is not strong enough for any one model to recommend
widespread implementation [….] Overall, the data confirms that adolescent addiction to nicotine is
distinct from adult addiction and that the same approaches to cessation may not work.
Database: Ebscohost
Page: 8
Date: December 11, 2006
Publisher: Wiley Periodcials, Inc.
Media: Web
Title Article: “Review finds no proven program for teen smokers”
Title Magazine: Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Weekly
1)
2)