Week TWO
Name:__________________________
Theory:__________
Total:___________
“2x2”’s___________
Diagrams:___________
YOU CAN DO THIS!
1. A. Originally the term ____organic_________ referred to the belief that such
compounds could only be made by living things.
B. What kind of compounds do organic chemists study today? Carbon
compounds
C. What does tetravalent mean? 4 bonds
D. What element is always tetravalent? Carbon
2. A. What is a hydrocarbon made up from? HINT: 2 elements Hydrogen and
Carbon
B. What are Carbohydrates made up from? HINT: 3 elements carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen
C. What is the carbohydrate ratio? 1:2:1
D. __Lipids____ are diverse organic elements that include fats, waxes,
phospholipids and steroids.
3. A. What is the name of the most numerous and complex molecules in living
organisms? Proteins
B.C.D List 3 of the common proteins, AND where they are found in the body
1.
2.
3.
Keratin(hair,fingernail), hemoglobin (blood), ovalbumin (egg whites), actin and
myosin (muscle), insulin and glucagon (pancreas), lysozyme (tears), and
collagen (connective tissue).
4. A. Describe the process of dehydration synthesis. When two monosacchairdes
combine, it’s the taking out of water
B. A double sugar is referred to as a ____________. Disaccharide
C. Describe the process of hydrolysis. Disaccharides can be broken down into
their simpler sugars
D. What is another name for Glycogen? Animal starch
5. A. What is maltose composed of? AND give one example. Two glucose
molecules. Beer, malts, malted milk balls.
B. What is Sucrose composed of? AND give on example. Glucose and fructose.
Found in plants, table sugar
C. What is Lactose composed of? AND give on example. Glucose and
galactose. Infant mammals milk,
D. What are the exoskeletons of insects made from? Chitin
6. A. Name the three components of Benedicts Reagent. HINT: there are 3
Sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, and copper sulfate
B. What is the Benedict’s test used to identify? Reducing sugars
C. For the Benedict’s test, what color will the solution remain if there is no
reducing sugar present? Blue
D. For the Benedict’s test, what are the three colors the solution will turn in the
presence of reducing sugars? HINT: Very small amount, Low amount, and
moderate amount.
Very small amount- green, low amount- yellow, and moderate amount- orange.
7. A. Which two reagents are extremely corrosive? Benedict’s reagent and Biuret’s
reagent.
B. What is the molecular formula for iodine-potassium iodide? I2KI
C. What is iodine-potassium iodide used for to distinguish? Starch from other
carbohydrates
D. When dealing with counterfeit money, _amylose_____ turns blue in the
presence of iodine.
8. A. How can you tell if money is counterfeit using an iodine pen? The money will
turn blue if it is counterfeit because of the presence of starch.
B. __Triglycerides______________ are more commonly referred to as fats, and are
the most abundant lipids in living organisms.
C. If an unsaturated fatty acid has one double bond, it is known as
_monounsaturated____________________
D. If more than one double bond is present, the fatty acid is known as
_polyunsaturated_________________.
9. A. What is cerumin? A waxy secretion better known as earwax, traps foreign
substances that potentially may never enter the ear.
B. What color does Sudan lll turn when combined with lipid molecules? Brilliant
orange
C. Define Hydrophobic. HINT: 2 words Water-fearing
D. What was the “secret ingredient” when Mege-Mouries successfully developed
a substitute for margarine butter? Bits of cow’s udder
10. A. List 5 essential amino acids in humans: Histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine,
phenylalanine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, arginine
B. A _peptide_____ bond is a covalent bond that forms between the amino
group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid.
C. Amino Acids are linked by __peptide_______ __bonds_________
D. What is the purpose of the Biuret test? Detect the presence of a protein.
11. A. What color does Biuret’s reageant turn in the presence of proteins? Violet
B. Proteins are composed of building blocks known as _amino_________
__acids_________.
C. How many amino acids are there? 20
D. Name the 5 amino acids with ionized R groups. Glutamic acid, lysine, histidine,
arginine, and aspartic acid.
12. A. Why are shrimp pink?  When shrimp are boiled, the proteins break down
(denature) and the carotenoid becomes visible.
B. Define biological balance. HINT: two words Biological Balance
C. Define Cell. Smallest unit of biological organization.
D. What does the cell theory state? All living things are composed of cells and that
the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
13. A. Define unicellular. HINT: Unicycle one cell
B. Give an example of a colonial organism. Volvox.
C. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic
cells lack a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
D. Which type of cells do humans have? HINT: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
14. A. What’s another name for ancient bacteria? Archaebacteria
B. C. D. Name the three types of archaebacterial AND where they are located.
15. A. What’s another name for true bacteria? Eubacteria
B. Name the three shapes that bacteria come in. Spherical, rod-shaped, and
spiral
C. Define cyanobacteria. Blue-green algae, photosynthetic eubacteria.
D. What colors can cyanobacteria be? HINT: there are 4 colors
16. A. Name the 3 basic types of bacteria. HINT: think about the 3 shapes
Bacillus, Coccus, Spirillum
B. _Elodea_________ is a common plant that lives in freshwater habitats such as
ponds and lakes.
C. The plant kingdom contains approximately _280,000______________ species of
multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs.
D. What type of cells make up the “strings” in celery? Collenchyma cells
17. A. How many years ago did eukaryotic cells originate? 2 billion years ago.
B. Which kingdom includes a diverse group of mostly multicellular heterotrophic
organisms? Kingdom Fungi
C. Give 3 examples from the Kingdom Fungi. Mushrooms, truffles, morels, rusts,
bread mold, ringworm, and yeast.
D. How many species of multicellular heterotrophs are in Kingdom Animalia? 1.5
million
18,19, and 20 Matching.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Pili
Capsule
Fimbriae
Nucleus
Nucleoplasm
Chromatin
Mitochondrian
k. Central vacuole
l. Middle lamellae
_b__ semifluid medium within a cell
__c__
Site of protein synthesis
__g____ The control center of the cell
___f__
__e____
Short hair like structures that aid in attachment
A protective slime-like area lying outside the cell wall that helps bacterium
__d___ Rigid hair like structures important for attachment and the exchange of genetic
information.
__a__
In eubacteria, a peptidoglycan envelope that provides protection and shape
_h__ cytoplasm within the nucleus
_k___ In plant cells, large fluid-filled sac that helps maintain shape of cell and stores
metabolites
_l___ Region between adjacent plant cells that cements the cell walls together
_J__ Site of aerobic cellular respiration
_i___ Diffuses threadlike strands composed of DNA and proteins
BONUS:
What did Kathryn teach herself how to do?
What does she have to hold on to in order to start?
What is the nickname Kathryn was given, based on an element from the periodic table?
Draw an Amino Acid structure.