Table 1. Average diel pCO2 and pH values of coral reefs reported in the literature. Only averages over at least one diel cycle were used and any study
indicating coral reefs as the study site were used. Method refers to the way pCO2 values were obtained, by either calculation using specified carbonate
chemistry parameters or by direct measurement (M). The season that the measurements were taken in are reported unless measurements were taken over all
four seasons, in which case a yearly average is shown. When CO2 levels were reported as fCO2 in the original study, it was converted to pCO2 by multiplying
by 1.003, as this is the typical difference between fugacity and partial pressure of CO2 at typical in situ temperatures. In order to normalize pH to the total
scale, 0.13 was subtracted from all values on the NBS scale.
Avg.
Range
pCO2 pCO2
(atm) (atm)
Avg.
pH
Avg.
Temp. Reef Type
(°C)
376
398
392
355
361
381
400
471
549
452
448
330
392
398
356
437
460
328
331
348
358
368
350
360
8.06
8.06
8.04
7.96
8.02
8.09
8
8.01
8.18
8.00
25.4
25
24.8
22.4
22.3
23.9
24.9
25.4
27.4
24.3
25.2
27.5
26.5
25
29.1
26.3
29.3
23
23
28.8
29.5
26.9
26
28.6
270
123
186
119
124
130
141
778
496
509
430
183
421
186
275
282
175
356
302
390
249
600
850
-
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing Atoll
Fringing Atoll
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing Atoll
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing Atoll
Fringing
Fringing
Location
Davies Reef, GBR
Hog Reef, Bermuda
Hog Reef, Bermuda
Hog Reef, Bermuda
Hog Reef, Bermuda
Hog Reef, Bermuda
Hog Reef, Bermuda
Heron Island, GBR
Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Heron Island, GBR
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
Moorea
Yonge Reef, GBR
Miyako Island, Japan
Media Luna Reef, Puerto Rico
Media Luna Reef, Puerto Rico
Media Luna Reef, Puerto Rico
Ishigaki Island, Japan
Ishigaki Island, Japan
Palau
Palau
Ishigaki Island, Japan
One Tree Island, GBR
Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama
Method
TA/DIC
M
TA/DIC
M
M
M
M
M
M
pH/TA
M
pH/TA
pH/TA
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
pH/TA
TA/DIC
Season and Year
Reference
Collected
2012
Fall 1998
2003
1997
1996
1995
1994
Fall 2012
Fall 2012
Spring 2011
2006-2008
Winter 1992
Summer 1993
Fall 1995
Winter 2008
Fall 2008
Summer 2007
Spring 1994
Spring 1993
Winter 1994
Spring 2000
1999
Spring 1968
Fall 2006
Albright et al., 2013
Bates et al., 2001
Bates et al., 2010
Bates, 2002
Bates, 2002
Bates, 2002
Bates, 2002
Cyronak et al., 2013
Cyronak et al., 2013
Cyronak et al., 2013
Drupp et al., 2011
Frankignoulle et al., 1996
Frankignoulle et al., 1996
Gattuso & Frankignoulle, 1998
Gray et al., 2012
Gray et al., 2012
Gray et al., 2012
Kayanne et al., 1995
Kayanne et al., 1995
Kayanne et al., 2005
Kayanne et al., 2005
Kayanne et al., 2005
Kinsey, 1979
Manzello, 2010
399
420
439
415
468
284
304
432
465
511
523
563
509
324
327
335
361
373
591
237
480
412
395
456
610
397
503
544
722
749
136
157
215
389
237
1256
1509
137
354
487
832
612
578
198
634
7.99
7.97
7.97
8.16
8.07
8.09
8.09
8.01
8.12
8.07
8.12
8.07
8.06
7.911
8.17
28.6
28.6
28.6
25
25
28
28
23.4
26.7
27.4
26.1
26.7
24.9
24.5
21.3
25.6
23.6
23.2
25.8
28
8.09
8.10
7.94
8.04
7.94
7.91
30
28.7
29.5
26.45
26.8
25.7
26.2
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing Atoll
Fringing Atoll
Atoll
Atoll
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing Atoll
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing Atoll
Atoll
Reef Type
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Atoll
Fringing
Fringing
Fringing
Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama
Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama
Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama
Okinawa, Japan
Okinawa, Japan
Eniwetok Lagoon, Marshall Islands
Eniwetok Reef, Marshall Islands
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, CRIMP2
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, Mid Reef
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, Mid Reef
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, CRIMP2
Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, CRIMP2
Lady Elliot Island, GBR
Gulf of Eilat
Gulf of Eilat
Gulf of Eilat
Gulf of Eilat
Gulf of Eilat
One Tree Island, GBR
Eniwetok Reef, Marshall Islands
Cheeca Rocks, Florida
Ishigaki Island, Japan
Yongshu Reef, China
Yongxing Reef, South China Sea
Luhuitou Reef, China
Molokai Reef, Hawaii
Molokai Reef, Hawaii
Molokai Reef, Hawaii
TA/DIC
TA/DIC
TA/DIC
M
M
pH/TA
pH/TA
TA/DIC
TA/DIC
TA/DIC
TA/DIC
TA/DIC
TA/DIC
pH/TA
pH/TA
pH/TA
pH/TA
pH/TA
TA/DIC
pH/TA
Summer 2007
Spring 2006
Spring 2005
Fall 1994
Fall 1993
Summer 1966
Summer 1966
Winter 2010
Summer 2009
Summer 2008
Summer 2008
Summer 2009
2010
1998
Spring 2002
Summer 1997
2001
Winter 2000
Spring 2009
Winter 1971
M
pH/TA
pH/TA
pH/TA
pH/TA
pH/TA
pH/TA
Summer 2009
Summer 2009
Summer 2008
Summer 2009
Summer 2001
Fall 2000
Summer 2003
Manzello, 2010
Manzello, 2010
Manzello, 2010
Ohde & van Woesik, 1999
Ohde & van Woesik, 1999
Schmalz, 1969
Schmalz, 1969
Shamberger et al., 2011
Shamberger et al., 2011
Shamberger et al., 2011
Shamberger et al., 2011
Shamberger et al., 2011
Shaw et al., 2012
Silverman et al., 2007
Silverman et al., 2007
Silverman et al., 2007
Silverman et al., 2007
Silverman et al., 2007
Silverman et al., 2012
Smith, 1973
Summer 2012
Watanabe et al., 2013
Yan et al., 2011
Yan et al., 2011
Yan et al., 2011
Yates & Halley, 2006
Yates & Halley, 2006
Yates & Halley, 2006
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