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CHAPTER 5: SOCIAL INTERACTION
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I. INTRODUCTION
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II. SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
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III. THE MICROSOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
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IV. THE FIRST EXAM
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I. INTRODUCTION
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A. The Schedule for Today and Thursday:
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1. Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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2. Exam #1
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II. Social Structure and Social Interaction
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A. What is a level of analysis?
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1. how _________ the social group is that is being studied
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B. ___________________________: the study of large-scale groups, organizations or social systems
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1. focuses on broad features of __________________________________, such as social class and the
relationships of groups to one another
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2. focuses on large groups and the effects of large scale forces on _______________________
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B.3. Macrosociology Research Topics: how television portrayals of _____________________ have
changed over time; how technological changes have affected _____________________________
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4. _________________________________
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C. ____________________________: the study of human behavior in contexts of face-to-face interaction;
focuses on social interaction among smaller groups of people
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1. Research Topics: how a ____________________ interacts with a son versus a daughter; __________ in
a fast food restaurant
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2. _________________________________ theory and related theories
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D. What Holds Society Together?
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1. _____________________________: degree to which members of a group or society feel united by
shared values and other social bonds
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2. social structures (gender, race, class, etc.) ________________ social interaction, and social interaction
___________________ social structures (socializing kids using gender stereotypes) and sometimes
___________________ social structure (civil rights marches changed some values and norms about race
in the U.S.)
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III. MICROSOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
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A. Research Focus: _______________________ interaction in small groups
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B. Symbolic ___________________________: examine symbols people use to define their worlds, how
they look at things, and how that affects their behavior
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1. _______________________: assumptions of what people are like, based on previous association with
them or people with similar characteristics, or based on information, whether true or false; e.g. gender
stereotypes
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C. Edward Hall and ________________________________: how people define the boundaries around
themselves and how they use this area around them
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1. _____________________: the physical space individuals maintain between themselves and others
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a. __________________ distance (less than 18 inches)
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b. __________________ distance (1.5-4 feet)
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c. __________________ distance (4-12 feet)
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d. ____________________ distance (12+ feet)
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2. personal space in ______________________________
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D. Erving Goffman and ________________________: socialization prepares people for performing on the
stage of everyday life
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1. _____________: the expected behaviors of people occupying particular social positions
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2. ____________________: the social honor or prestige that a particular group is accorded by other
members of a society
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D.3. social __________________: the social identity an individual has in a given group or society
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4. _________________________________: settings of social activity in which people seek to put ona
definite “performance” for others; the place where performances are given
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D.5. _____________________________: areas apart from front-region performance in which individuals
are able to relax and behave informally; the place where people rest from their performances, discuss
their presentations, and plan future performances
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a. What are the front and back stages in this class for each role?
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b. What stages are used by college students seeking to establish romantic relationships? What happens
there?
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D.6. ________________________________________: preparing for the presentation of one’s social role;
a person’s efforts to control the impressions others have of her or him
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7. _________________________________:
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a. social setting
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b. appearance and props
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c. manner: attitudes
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d. What sign vehicles did I use for impression management in this class?
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E. Harold Garfinkel and __________________________________: the study of how people make sense of
what others say and do in the course of day-to-day social interaction
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1. study how people use ___________________________________ to get through everyday life
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2. done by uncovering people’s _________________________________________ (taken for granted rules
of behavior), often by violating these assumptions
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3. What background assumptions govern behavior in a dorm?
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F. ______________________________ Analysis: the empirical study of conversations, employing
techniques drawn from ethnomethodology
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1. examines details of naturally occurring conversations to reveal the organizational principles of
__________________ and its role in the production and reproduction of social order
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2. used to study ____________________________, customer service calls, other daily interactions
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3. also a way to be really annoying at _____________________
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G. ________________________________ of Reality: process by which people use their background
assumptions & experiences to define what is real for them
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1. The __________________: “If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”
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2. example: __________________________________________
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H. Public Interactions and Being “_________________________”
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1. Elijah Anderson: studying interactions between blacks and whites in the U.S., focusing on when one or
more parties are viewed as __________________________
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2. What behavioral ______________ and signs matter?
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a. __________________________, _____________, ________, companions, clothing, jewelry, other
objects carried; movements; time of day or activity that “explains” a person’s presence
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H.3. Who passes inspection as “______________”?
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a. those who do not fit commonly accepted stereotypes of “_________________________”: children right
away, women and white men take longer, black women, black men, and black male teenagers are last to
pass this inspection
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b. inspections may be __________________; a well-dressed middle aged white man can be a mugger
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c. the definition of the situation is what matters, NOT whether someone is _____________________
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H.4. aspects of ______________________ (race, gender, social class, etc.) shape this social interaction
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5. “___________________________” people learn the art of avoidance and other behaviors to reduce
their felt vulnerability to crime and violence
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6. How would Anderson explain the shooting of Michael Brown by a white police officer in Ferguson, MO?
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I. Impression Management in the Internet Age
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1. many social interactions now take place on social media, via text messages, or using other electronic
media, rather than _____________________________
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2. ongoing ___________________ about whether this is positive or negative
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3. What do you see as the positive and negative aspects of this form of interaction?
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I.4. How long do your Facebook posts, emails, etc. last?
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5. your ability to manage your ____________________________ is limited by the permanence of and
potentially huge public audience for your Internet self and interactions with others, aka “going viral”
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IV. The First Exam
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A. Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5
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B. 50 multiple choice questions
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C. Distribution of questions:
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1. ~60%: both in class and in book
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2. ~20%: just in class
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3. ~20%: just in book
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D. Types of Questions:
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1. who said what
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2. definitions
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3. major points from examples
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4. application of concepts to situations described in questions
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5. no dates or extremely specific questions about material just in the book