SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Literatures for Data Collection
Cheung, K. C., Leung, H. M., & Wong, M .H. Metal concentrations of common freshwater and marine fish from
the Pearl River Delta, South China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
2008;54:705-715.
Dong, Y. D., Guo, M., Hu, D., Ou, L. B., Wei, W., Zhang, W., & Wang, X. J. Analysis and risk assessment of total
mercury and methylmercury in aquatic products in Beijing market. Ecology and Environmental Sciences
2010;19:2187-2191. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Du, Z. Y., Zhang, J., Wang, C., Li, L., Man, Q., Lundebye, A. K., & Frøyland, L. Risk–benefit evaluation of fish
from Chinese markets: Nutrients and contaminants in 24 fish species from five big cities and related assessment
for human health. Science of the Total Environment 2012; 416:187-199.
Feng, D., Ma, J. J., Bai, Y. J., & Xu, D. F. Resarch on mercury pollution of fishes in Harbin Songhua River.
Heilongjiang Environmental journal 2004;28:53-54+41. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Ha, L., Bai, S. L., & Xiao, J. M. Investigation of contents of total mercury in fishes in the Huluen Lake, Inner
Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science 1990;11:43-46. (In Chinese with English abstract)
He, T. R., Wu, Y. Y., Pan, L. S., & Feng, X. B. Distribution of mercury species and their concentrations in fish in
hongfeng reservoir. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition)2010;32:78-82. (In Chinese with
English abstract)
Jiang, H. M., Feng, X. B., & Yan, H. Y. The distribution characteristics of mercury in fish from the reservoir of
Wujiang River basin. In Chinese society of environmental science (Eds.), Chinese environmental science
society, academic essays (pp. 2557-2562). China: Environmental Science Press 2010. (In Chinese)
Jin, L. J., & Xu, X. Q. Methlmercury distribution in surface water and fish in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area.
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley 1997;6:324-328. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Kaneniwa, M., Miao, S., Yuan, C. H., Lida, H., & Fukuda, Y. Lipid components and enzymatic hydrolysis of
lipids in muscle of Chinese freshwater fish. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 2000;77:825-831.
Kinsella, J. E., Shimp, J. L., Mai, J., & Weihrauch, J. Fatty acid content and composition of freshwater finfish.
Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 1997;54:424-429.
Kojima, T., Sato, M., Yoshinaka, R., & Ikeda, S. Chemical components and fatty acid composition of lipids in
several fresh water fishes except Cyprinidae in Lake Biwa. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 1986;52:2009-2017. (In Japanese with English abstract)
Li, G. P., Sinclair, A. J., & Li, D. Comparison of lipid content and fatty acid composition in the edible meat of
wild and cultured freshwater and marine fish and shrimps from China. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 2011;59:1871-1881.
Li, M. D., Ma, J. Q., Wu, Y. Y., & Wang, Z. Q. The elements of fishes in Baiyangdian Lake. Acta Hydrobiologica
Sinica 1996;20:86-90. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Li, S. X., Zhou, L. F., Wang, H. J., Liang, Y. G., Hu, J. X., & Chang, J. B. Feeding habits and habitats preferences
affecting mercury bioaccumulation in 37 subtropical fish species from Wujiang River, China. Ecotoxicology
2009;18:204-210.
Li, Z. P., Lv, L., & Cheng, Y. Research on cymene hydrargyrum in fish bodies in Harbin part of Songhua River
and it s analyzed method. Heilongjiang Environmental Journal 2001;25: 69-72. (In Chinese with English
abstract)
Liu, F., Ni, H.G., Chen, F., Luo, Z.X., Shen, H., Liu, L., & Wu, P. Metal accumulation in the tissues of grass carps
(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) from fresh water around a copper mine in Southeast China. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment 2012;184:4289-4299.
Liu, Y. Q., Lv, H. D., Guo, J. L., Chen, M. Z., & Su, H. L. Correlation among the contents in five kinds of
freshwater fish, fish intake, mercury in cord blood and in fetal hair in Wujiang. Journal of Soochow University
Medical Science Edtion 2011;31:751-754. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Lu, Y. Z., Yan, B. X., Li, H. W., Wang, M. J., & Guo, L. Y. The evolution rule and ecology risk assessment of
mercury in fish of Songhua River. Journal of Agro-Environment Science 2008;27:2430-2433. (In Chinese with
English abstract)
Lv, J. P., Yuan, H. J., Ma, C. L., Li, P. L., Zheng, M. G., & Chen, G. L. Invistigation on Mercury Pollution of Fish
in Changchun farm market with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Bulletin of Veterinary College of PLA
1988;8:190-195. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Qin, D. L., Zhan, P. R., Sun, D. J., S, P., & Wang, F. Environmental mercury contamination monitoring by using
freshwater fishes. Journal of Environment and Health 2009;26:132-134. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu, G. L., Feng, X. B., Wang, S. F., Fu, X. W., & Shang, L. H. Mercury distribution and speciation in water and
fish from abandoned Hg mines in Wanshan, Guizhou province, China. Science of the Total Environment
2009;407:5162-5168.
Shao, L. J., Shi, Z. M., Ni, S. J., & Xu, J. Y. Study on methyl mercury security in fish on the outskirt of Chengdu.
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 2006;37:13649-13652 + 13674. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Shirai, N., Miyakawa, M., Tokairin, S., Ehara, H., & Wada, S. The fatty acid composition in edible portion of wild
and cultured catfish. The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2000;66:859-868. (In Japanese with English
abstract)
Su, Q. K., Jiang, J. Y., & Ma, Z. D. Status of mercury containment of Wuhan urban lake. Geological Science and
Technology Information 2004;23:83-88. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Sun, J., Chen, C. Y., Li, B., Li, Y. F., Wang, J. X., Gao, Y. X., & Cai, Z. F. Analysis of total mercury and
methylmercury concentrations in four commercially important freshwater fish species obtained from Beijing
markets, Journal of Hygiene Research 2006;35:722-725. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Tian, W. J., Chen, L. G., Mo, C. H., Xu, Z. C., Fang, J. D., Liang, M. Y., & Huang, Y. Z. Concentrations and
exposure risk assessment of methylmercury in regularly consumed fishes from Guangzhou markets, China.
Journal of Agro-Environment Science 2011;30:416-421. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Wang, W. Y. Investigation of heavy metal content in fish at Chongqing section of the Yangtze River before water
storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Water Resources Protection 2008;24:34-37. (In Chinese with English
abstract)
Xie, W. P., Chen, K. C., Zhu, X. P., Nie, X. P., Zheng, G. M., Pan, D. B., & Wang, S. B. Evaluation on heavy
metal contents in water and fishes collected from the waterway in the Pearl River Delta, South China. Journal
of Agro-Environment Science 2010; 29:1917-1923. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Yan, H. L., Rustadbakken, A., Yao, H., Larssen, T., Feng, X. B., Liu, T., Shang, L. H., & Haugen, T. O. Total
mercury in wild fish in Guizhou reservoirs, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010;22:1129-1136.
Yan, H. Y., Feng, X. P., Liu, T., Shang, L. H., Li, Z. G., & Li, G. H. Present situation of fish mercury pollution in
heavily mercury contaminated Baihua reservoir in Guizhou. Chinese Journal of Ecology 2008;27:1357-1361.
(In Chinese with English abstract)
Yang, J. G., Li, G. L., Jin, Q. H., Chen, D. H., & He S. W. Determination of the contents of EPA and DHA and
lipid constituents in main fresh water fishes in China. Journal of Tongji Medical University 1994;14:77-80.
Yang, Z. Y. Investigation report of mercury in fish from parts of Rivers and Lakes of Sichuan. Journal of
Environment and Health 1984;1:34-35. (In Chinese)
Yao, Y., Feng, X. B., Yan, H. Y., Qiu, G. L., Shang, L. H., & Shi, W. F. Mercury concentration in fish body in
Hongjiadu Reservoir of Guizhou Province. Chinese Journal o f Ecology 2010; 29:1155- 1160. (In Chinese with
English abstract)
Yi, Y. J., & Zhang, S. H. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) concentrations in seven fish species in relation to
fish size and location along the Yangtze River. Environmental Science and Pollution Research
2012;19:3989-3996.
Yu, Y., Wang, Y. C., Gao, B., Hong, Y. N., Wan, X. H., & Zhou, H. D. Assessment on pollution risk of mercury
in fishes of Three Gorges Reservoir after 175 m impoundment. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze
Basin 2012;21:547-551. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Zang, S. J., Shen, Y. Z., Wei, L. Y., & Chen, X. J. Determination of Pb, Cd, Hg and As in fish. Chinese Journal of
Spectroscopy Laboratory 2005;22:943-946. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang, D. P., Zhang, X. Y., Yu, Y. X., Li, J. L., Yu, Z. Q., Wang, D. Q., Wu, M. H., Sheng, G. Y., & Fu, J. M.
Intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls
via consumption of fish from Taihu Lake, China: A risk–benefit assessment. Food Chemistry
2012;132:975-981.
Zhang, H. Y., & Ni, Z. C. Determination of water and fish mercury in ponds of Yinchuan area. Journal of Ningxia
Medical College 1997;19:11-13. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang, L. A study on mercury contamination in fish from Qingdao City. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
2009;25:293-296. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang, L., Wang, Q. C., & Shao, Z. G. Mercury contamination of fish in the Di’er Songhua River of China: the
present station and evolution law. Ecology and Environment 2005;25:69-72. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang, Z., He, L., Li, J., & Wu, Z. B. Analysis of heavy metals of muscle and intestine tissue in fish-in Banan
section of Chongqing from three gorges reservoir, China. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
2007;16:949-958.
Zhu, L. L., Yan, B. X., Wang, L. X., & Pan, X. F. Mercury concentration in the muscle of seven fish species from
Chagan Lake, Northeast China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2012;184:1299-1310.
Zhu, Y. L., Jiang, J. H., Huang, Q., Sun, Z. D., & Wang, H. J. The heavy metal content in organisms at Lake
Dongting and its ecological assessment. Journal of Lake Sciences 2007; 19:690-697. (In Chinese with English
abstract)
Table S1. Feeding habits, main food items of freshwater fish.
Fish species
Functional
feeding groups
Food items
Bighead carp
Planktivorous
Zooplankton, phytoplankton, and detritus
Black bass
Carnivorous
Crustaceans, insects, fish, crayfish
Black carp
Carnivorous
Spiral shells, freshwater mussels, small river clams
Bluntsnout bream
Herbivorous
Higher aquatic and submerged grasses, plants detritus
Catfish
Carnivorous
Common carp
Omnivorous
Crucian carp
Omnivorous
Grass carp
Herbivorous
Mandarin fish
Carnivorous
Small fish, insects, crustacean, zooplankton, rotting flesh, and plants
Aquatic insects, worms, mollusks, zooplankton, aquatic and terrestrial
plants, decayed plants
Aquatic insects, algae
Higher aquatic and submerged grasses, detritus, insects and other
invertebrates
Fingerling and small fish
Planktivorous
Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus
Snakehead fish
Carnivorous
Tilapia
Omnivorous
Topmouth culter
Carnivorous
Crustaceans, insect larvae, and fish
Algae, phytoplankton, aquatic macrophytes, zooplankton,
Small insects, shrimps, earthworms, fish, detritus and sediment
Fingerling and small fish
Yellow catfish
Omnivorous
Fingerling and aquatic insects
Silver carp