Review Sheet: DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis
1. DNA is a polymer of what molecules? Nucleotide
13. How many mRNA bases code for an amino acid? What is it called?
3, Codon
2. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
14. The three forms of RNA and their functions are:
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base
3. What is the sugar in DNA? Deoxyribose
A. mRNA carry information from nucleus to ribosome
4. Which bases are in DNA? RNA? A,T,G,C/ A,U,G,C
B. rRNA makes up the ribosome
5. Which bases bond together? A-T(U), G-C
c. tRNA picks up amino acids to take to ribosome
6. Who discovered DNA. Watson and Crick
15. Describe DNA structure. Double helix (two strands twisted), the sides
7. What type of bond forms between two amino acids? HYDROGEN_
of DNA are alternating phosphate and sugar. The middle are pairs of
8. List several differences between
& DNA.
nitrogen bases held together by hydrogen bonds
16. Describe mutations. Mutation is a change in the DNA which can
change the coding for an amino acid. If you change an amino acid it can
change the shape of the protein and possibly change the function of the
protein. Mutations can be harmful, beneficial or not affect the individual.
RNA
a. number of strands
__1___
____2
b. bases in each
_ A,U,G,C _
_ A,T,G,C _
c. SUGAR
__RIBOSE__ _DEOXYRIBOSE
9. What is Transcription and where does it take place? It is DNA being
copied to mRNA. This takes place in the nucleus
10. What is Translation and where does it take place? Translation is
mRNA caring the instructions to the ribosome to make proteins (long
chains of amino acids.
11. What is Replication and where does it take place? Replication is DNA
making a copy of itself. The process is semi-conservative (half old, half
new) This is needed before a cell divides. It takes place in the nucleus.
12. Where in the cell do you find DNA in eukaryote? Prokaryote? Nucleus/
free floating called a plasmid
17. If you have a strand of DNA TAGTAGGC what is the complimentary
strand? ATCATCCG
18. Given DNA sequence TTGGTCGAA what would this be transcribed?
Translated? AACCAGCCU/ ASN-GLN-LEU
19. Some organelles have DNA distinct from the cell’s DNA in the
nucleus. This is true of what organelles? Chloroplast and mitochondria
20. What part of the nucleotide do DNA and RNA have in common?
Phosphate