Regents Chemistry Test Objectives: Acids/Bases & Salts


























Explain the difference between an electrolyte (acid, base, salt) & a non-electrolyte
Identify compounds as electrolytes or non-electrolytes from their formulas
Identify acids from their formulas
o Covalent Formulas that start with H (exception: H2O2) or end with COOH
Identify bases from their formulas
o Formulas are MOH (where M = metal); exception: NH3
Identify salts from their formulas
o Ionic Formulas consisting of metal bonded to a nonmetal(s)
Know the properties of acids & bases
Know several ways to test a substance to determine if its an acid
o Indicators, pH meter, reaction with metal (other than Cu, Ag, Au)
Know the names of common acids & bases (reference tables K & L)
Define Arrhenius acid & Arrhenius base
o Acids produce H+1 ions in aqueous solutions and Bases contain OH and produce OH-1 ions in solution
Know the terms proton (H+1), hydrogen ion (H+1) and hydronium ion (H2O+3) are used interchangeably
(with reference to acids) and hydroxide ion (OH-1) refers to bases
Be able to write balanced ionization (dissociation) equations for strong acids & strong bases and know
that these strong acids & bases have essentially 100% ionization
Identify monoprotic, diprotic & triprotic acids from their formulas
Identify monohydroxy, dihydroxy & trihydroxy bases from their formulas
Know what the term amphoteric means
Know Bronsted-Lowry Theory is known as the “alternate acid-base theory”
o Define B-L acids as proton donors and define B-L bases as proton acceptors
o Know & explain why ammonia is a B-L base but not an Arrhenius base
Know the products of all reactions between acids & metals is hydrogen gas and a salt
o Know only metals above hydrogen on table J will react with acids
o Given a metal & an acid be able to write a balanced chemical reaction equation
Be able to calculate pH from H+1 concentrations & vice-versa
Understand square brackets mean “concentration of”
o [H] +1 means concentration of H+1 and is used as a measure of acidity
o [OH] -1 means concentration of OH-1 and is used to assess how basic a solution is
Know that pH + pOH = 14; (pH = -log[H] +1 or –log[H3O]+1 ; pOH = -log [OH] -1)
Know definition of pH and pOH and use either pH or pOH to calculate [H] +1 and/or [OH]-1
Know common indicators (table M) and color changes in acid/base solutions
o Know how to use indicators to determine pH of an unknown solution
o Know litmus is red in acid & blue in base; phenolphthalein is pink in base & colorless in acid
Define neutralization and identify neutralization reactions
o Given an acid and a base, write and balance the neutralization equation
o Know the net ionic equation for all neutralization reactions is: `H +1 + OH-1 → H2O
Know titration as process used to:
o quantitatively determine Molarity of an unknown acid or base
o compare known volumes of one acid and one base when concentration of only one soln is known
Titration (neutralization) reactions:
o be able to describe the titration set-up, including the buret measurements
o understand that:
 endpoint occurs when the indicator changes color
 equivalence point occurs when moles H +1 = moles OH-1
 if pick appropriate indicator, endpoint & equivalence point occur at virtually same time
Using formula (#H)MaVa = (#OH)MbVb be able to solve titration word problems
Know the term amphoteric and be able to write equations to show that water is amphoteric