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Date______________ Period___________
PAP Bio
Chapter 12 Review Sheet
DNA (12-1 and 12-2)
1. What is the function of DNA?
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2. What is the shape of DNA?
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3. What two people came up with the model of DNA?
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4. What are the “side rails” of DNA made up of?
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5. What are the “rungs” of DNA made up of?
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6. What are the “building blocks” of nucleic acids?
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7. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
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8. What are the four different kinds of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
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9. What does the nitrogen base pairing rule state?__________________________________________________
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10. What is the process of copying DNA?
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11. The sequence of nucleotides on one strand of DNA is
A-T-A-C-C-G-T-C-A-T-G-A-T. What is the complementary strand?
DNA Strand A-T-A-C-C-G-T-C-A-T-G-A-T
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12. What is RNA responsible for?
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13. What is the structure of RNA?
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14. What nitrogen-base does RNA have that DNA does not?
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15. List and describe each type of RNA:
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16. Describe the process of transcription
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17. If our strand of DNA looked like this: T A C T T C G A G T A C C A T A T T
What would our corresponding RNA strand look like?
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18. What is a codon? ____________________________________________________________________
19. Describe the process of translation.
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20. What structure in the cell are proteins made at (Hint: rRNA makes this structure)?
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21. What is an anticodon?
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22. a. Using the DNA sequence, make a complimentary RNA strand from both the human and the cow. Write
the RNA directly below the DNA strand (remember to substitute U’s for T’s in RNA)
b. Use the codon chart found in your notes to determine what amino acids are assembled to make this specific
protein that is found both in a cow and a human. Write your amino acids chain directly below the RNA
sequence.
Sequence 1 - Human
C C A T A G C A C G T T A C A A C G T G A A G G T A A
RNA :___________________________________________________________________
Amino Acids: ___________________________________________________________
Sequence 2 - Cow
C C G T A G C A T G T T A C A A C G C G A A G G C A C
RNA:______________________________________________________________________
Amino Acids: _____________________________________________________________
What do you notice about the cow sequence as compared to the human sequence?
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Mutations (12-4)
What are the two types of gene mutations?
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Explain the different types of gene mutations:
1.
DELETIONS 
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2. INSERTIONS 
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3. SUBSTITUTIONS 
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Compare DNA to RNA:
DNA
RNA