Answers to the 3 rd Nine Weeks Study Guide
1.
P waves (Primary) – Solids, Liquids, & Gases
S waves (Secondary) – Solids
Surface Waves – only occur on the surface
2.
Crust – rigid rock
Mantle – melted, molten rock
Outer Core – liquid metal (nickel & iron)
Inner Core – solid metal (nickel & iron)
3.
Lithosphere is mostly rigid; asthenosphere – more plastic like and flowing
4.
Radiation – direct heat from the sun; travels through space
Conduction – heat transfers through direct contact in any conductor
Convection – heat transfers through currents in a fluid, in air, and in water
5.
Questions can come up that begin new investigations
6.
Similar types of rocks and fossils on both continents, glacial grooves, and the land fits together like puzzle pieces.
7.
Continents were joined at one point in the past
8.
**see handout from class
9.
Pangea is the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago and Panthalassa is the super ocean.
10.
Molten material rises from inside a rift valley in the ocean floor
11.
The process where one plate sinks beneath another and goes back into the mantle.
12.
Convection currents in the mantle (This explains continental drift)
13.
Place where two tectonic plates move away from each other. They form rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges.
14.
They collide but neither one will subduct so usually a mountain range forms.
15.
Oceanic crust subducts under the continental crust – forming a trench and a volcanic mountain range.
16.
A geological theory that says that part of the lithosphere is in constant, slow motion
17.
Two pieces of continental crust converge
18.
Two pieces of oceanic crust converge
19.
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent – volcanic islands
Oceanic-Continental Convergent – volcanic mountains
20.
A downward fold in a rock **for drawing – see handout from class
21.
An upward fold in a rock **for drawing – see handout from class
22.
Normal – hanging wall moves down and the foot wall moves up
Reverse – hanging wall moves up and the footwall moves down
Strike-Slip – they move side to side AND do not move up and down
**see handout from class for pictures
23.
Where plate movement stores energy along a fault line
24.
Away from the focus
25.
Richter scale - measures the size of the seismic waves
Mercalli scale – measures the damage done to buildings and property
Moment Magnitude scale – measures the total energy released
26.
Forces inside Earth are unpredictable and predictions can be unreliable
27.
Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet
28.
Seismic Waves produced by an earthquake that occurs along the ocean floor
29.
Magma is the molten material underneath the surface BUT Lava is the molten material that reaches the surface
30.
Island chain formed over a hot spot volcano
31.
Amount of silica in magma, viscosity, and temperature
32.
High – thick, slower moving, explosive eruptions, light-colored, granite

Low – thin, fast moving, quiet eruptions, darker-colored, basalt
33.
Pahoehoe – fast moving, hot lava Aa – hardens into rough chunks
34.
Volcanic ash – small particles about the size of a grain of sand
Volcanic cinders – particles between 2 & 64 mm in size
Volcanic bombs – objects larger than 64 mm in size
35.
Ash in the atmosphere
36.
A volcanic eruption is likely/upward movement of magma
37.
Many layer of thin, runny lava that builds up in a high, level area. It forms from cracks rather than a central vent.
38.
The crater collapses, creating a caldera. Over time, melting ice or rainwater fills it up.
**I messed up the numbers – we pick up with number 49 instead of 39. SORRY!!!
49. The process of changing liquid water into a gas
50. The process of a gas changing into a liquid
51. Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
52. The only substance commonly found in all three states
53. It remains fairly constant
54. The land that supplies water to a river
55. The place where a river system begins
56. The separating geographical feature between areas of land where water flows toward the main river system.
57. Drilling a well into an aquifer
58. As water moves slowly through a wetland, waste material settles/traps or is absorbed by plants, silt, and mud.