Additional File 1: Network Diagrams
Civic Chicken Producer 1: production of 1 kg of chicken meat and CO2 equiv emissions
1 kg
Chicken meat,
CivicP1
7.66 kg CO2
229 bird.days
Growing birds,
CivicP1
7.66 kg CO2
1.66 kg
Layer mix, feed
for chickens
0.589 kg CO2
0.554 kg
Grain maize IP, at
farm/CH U
0.301 kg CO2
1.11 kg
Scratch mix for
chickens, at
regional store
0.563 kg CO2
5.83E-5 m3
Tractor use, per
litre diesel
consumed/AU U
0.192 kg CO2
3.5 MJ
Tractor engine,
low population
area/AU U
0.299 kg CO2
12.1 kg
Lucerne, at
regional store
1.15E4 m
Car, average, per
km travelled/AU U
0.934 kg CO2
0.225 kg
Lime, calcined, at
regional store/AU
U
0.268 kg CO2
4.33 kg CO2
2.79 tkm
Transport,
articulated truck,
>20t, fleet
0.29 kg CO2
1.04E4 m
Car, petrol, per km
travelled/AU U
3.93 kg CO2
0.898 kg
Petrol, unleaded,
at consumer/AU U
0.599 kg CO2
0.00125 m3
Refining petrol,
unleaded/AU U
0.303 kg CO2
3.57 MJ
Energy, from fuel
oil, just fuel,
CO2,CH4, &
0.277 kg CO2
229 bird.days
Manure
managment,
backyard
1.27 kg CO2
-0.812 kg
Urea, at regional
storehouse/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
-1.25 kg CO2
-0.419 kg
Ammonia, steam
reforming, liquid,
at plant/RER
-0.796 kg CO2
1.19 kg
Crude oil,
australian
average, at
0.352 kg CO2
0.00101 m3
Crude oil,
imported/GLO U
0.259 kg CO2
0.00148 m3
Crude oil
exploration and
extraction/AU U
0.297 kg CO2
In this model about 7.7kg CO2 equivalent emissions are produced for one kg of cooked
chicken meat on the consumer’s table. The main contributors are the feed- the layer and
scratch mixes together account for about 2kg –and car travel by Civic Chicken Producer 1 to
collect feed contributes about 4 kg, assuming that only feed is collected during the trip. If
other items shared the fuel usage, this contribution would be diminished. (Aim to check this
later by re-doing model accordingly). Manure management contributes an offset by reducing
the need for synthetic fertiliser production.
Civic Chicken Producer 1 and production of 1 kg of chicken meat: land use (hectareyrs)
1 kg
Chicken meat,
CivicP1
0.00514 Ha a
229 bird.days
Growing birds,
CivicP1
0.00514 Ha a
12.1 kg
Lucerne, at regional
store
1.11 kg
Scratch mix for
chickens, at regional
store
1.66 kg
Layer mix, feed for
chickens
0.000815 Ha a
0.000493 Ha a
0.000666 Ha a
0.332 kg
Lupins, at farm/AU U
0.332 kg
Soybean, at farm/AU
U
0.775 kg
Wheat, at farm/AU U
0.000228 Ha a
0.000166 Ha a
0.000476 Ha a
0.221 kg
Canola seed, at
farm/AU U
0.000176 Ha a
8.1 m2
Land occupation
including background
N2O emissions
0.00081 Ha a
In this model 0.005 hectare-years (50 sq metres over one year) are used to provide for 1kg of
chicken meat. Wheat is the major contributor to land use accounting for the largest
component.
The space required by the birds themselves was about 6 sqm for 4 meat (weight 800 grams)
chickens for 5 months. This is approximately 1.2 square metres per kilogram of chicken meat
per year.
Civic Chicken Producer 1 and production of 1 kg of chicken meat water use cubic
metres
1 kg
Chicken meat,
CivicP1
0.173 M3 H2O
229 bird.days
Growing birds,
CivicP1
0.173 M3 H2O
1.66 kg
Layer mix, feed for
chickens
0.00269 M3 H2O
1.11 kg
Scratch mix for
chickens, at regional
store
12.1 kg
Lucerne, at regional
store
1.15E4 m
Car, average, per km
travelled/AU U
229 bird.days
Manure managment,
backyard
0.0144 M3 H2O
-0.00335 M3 H2O
0.0396 M3 H2O
0.00885 M3 H2O
0.221 kg
Sweet sorghum
grains, at farm/CN U
0.105 kg
DAP, production &
application, including
N2O emission
0.0376 M3 H2O
0.00611 M3 H2O
0.0131 M3 H2O
0.145 kg
Diammonium
phosphate, at
regional store/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
0.00842 M3 H2O
4.83E-5 p
Passenger car/RER/I
S
0.306 m2
Irrigating/ha/CH U
0.0371 M3 H2O
1.04E4 m
Car, petrol, per km
travelled/AU U
0.00658 M3 H2O
-0.812 kg
Urea, at regional
storehouse/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
-0.00325 M3 H2O
0.00882 my
Operation,
maintenance,
road/CH/I S
0.00407 M3 H2O
0.0924 kg
Phosphoric acid,
fertiliser grade, 70%
in H2O, at plant/US
U/Adapted/AU U
0.00793 M3 H2O
0.141 kg
Sulphuric acid, liquid,
at plant/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
0.00762 M3 H2O
In this model 0.17 cubic metres of water are used, primarily in production of feed. This
model includes rain water used on site for the 4 chickens to drink.
Note that a big impact seems to be from irrigated sorghum based on CH (Swiss) data. (Aim to
re-do the model with Australian data if possible). Manure management contributes an offset
by reducing the need for synthetic fertiliser.
Civic Chicken Producer 2 and production of 1 kg of chicken meat: CO2 equivalent
emissions version
1 kg
Chicken meat,
CivicP2
3.97 kg CO2
28.1 bird.days
Growing birds,
CivicP2
3.94 kg CO2
6.32 kg
Grower 1, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.312 p
Hatched
eggs,CivicP2
2.47 kg CO2
1.69 kg
Sweet sorghum
grains, at farm/CN
U
0.492 kg CO2
1.85 kg
Wheat, at farm/AU
U
0.546 kg CO2
5.71 MJ
Tractor engine, low
population area/AU
U
0.487 kg CO2
0.858 kg
Soybean, at
farm/AU U
0.215 kg CO2
1.25 kg CO2
0.556 kg
Canola seed, at
farm/AU U
0.376 kg CO2
7.08E-5 m3
Tractor use, per
litre diesel
consumed/AU U
0.234 kg CO2
1.24 MJ
Electricity, low
voltage, Eastern
Australia/AU U
0.375 kg CO2
1.32 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, Eastern
Australian/AU U
0.38 kg CO2
3.92 MJ
Electricity,lLow
voltage,
Australian/AU U
1.15 kg CO2
4.02 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage,
Australian/AU U
1.11 kg CO2
0.357 p
Eggs
delivery,CivicP2
0.182 kg CO2
3.31 bird.days
Breeding birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.182 kg CO2
4.14 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, New South
Wales/AU U
1.11 kg CO2
4.52 MJ
Electricity, black
coal NSW, sent out
/AU U
1.23 kg CO2
In this model it is estimated that production of 1 kg of chicken meat leads to 3.97 kg of CO2
equivalent. The major contributor is production of feed for the chickens. More detail about
the production of wheat as part of this process is shown in the next diagram.
Electricity used to hatch the eggs also has some impact on CO2 emissions. The cooking
process of one hour in a gas oven is not included here, but would only contribute a small
component (0.21 kg CO2 equivalent emissions).
Civic Chicken Producer 2 and production of 1 kg of chicken meat: land use. Hectareyears
1 kg
Chicken meat,
CivicP2
0.00257 Ha a
28.1 bird.days
Growing birds,
CivicP2
0.00257 Ha a
6.32 kg
Grower 1, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.312 p
Hatched
eggs,CivicP2
0.00237 Ha a
1.85 kg
Wheat, at farm/AU
U
0.00113 Ha a
0.858 kg
Soybean, at
farm/AU U
0.00043 Ha a
0.485 kg
Oats
0.000298 Ha a
0.000151 Ha a
0.556 kg
Canola seed, at
farm/AU U
0.000442 Ha a
0.275 kg
Blood and bone
meal
0.000314 Ha a
0.459 kg
Lupins, at farm/AU
U
0.000314 Ha a
0.357 p
Eggs
delivery,CivicP2
0.000145 Ha a
3.31 bird.days
Breeding birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.000145 Ha a
In this model, 0.003 hectare-years (30 sq metres over one year) are used to produce 1kg meat.
Growing the feed produces the greatest impact on land use, especially wheat. To produce 1kg
of chicken meat requires 0.003 hectare-years (note: one hectare is 10,000 sq metres or 2.45
acres)
The space taken by the birds themselves is about 0.25 acre (approx 1000 sq m ) to raise
approximately 490 kg (140 chickens of size 3.5kg) in one year or about 2sq m per kg meat
produced in one year.
Civic Chicken Producer 2 and production of 1 kg of chicken meat: water use in cubic
metre (5% cutoff)
1 kg
Chicken meat,
CivicP2
0.315 M3 H2O
28.1 bird.days
Growing birds,
CivicP2
0.313 M3 H2O
6.32 kg
Grower 1, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.281 M3 H2O
1.69 kg
Sweet sorghum
grains, at farm/CN
U
0.286 M3 H2O
2.33 m2
Irrigating/ha/CH U
0.283 M3 H2O
0.312 p
Hatched
eggs,CivicP2
0.022 M3 H2O
0.357 p
Eggs
delivery,CivicP2
0.0199 M3 H2O
3.31 bird.days
Breeding birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.0199 M3 H2O
In this model, 0.32 cubic metre of water is used, primarily in production of feed. Note that the
big impact seems to be from irrigated sorghum based on CH (Switzerland) data which may
not be representative for Australia. In the final papers, models will incorporate Australian
data. Dam water for drinking and heated Sydney water used in the harvesting process
contributes only minimally to the overall usage of water in this model.
Local industrial production of 1 kg of chicken meat and CO2 equivalent emissions
1 kg
Chicken meat,
industrial
production, on table
2.58 kg CO2
1 kg
Harvested chicken,
industrial
production, at plant
2.48 kg CO2
20.4 bird.days
Growing birds,
industrial chicken
production
2.21 kg CO2
0.725 p
Hatched eggs,
industrial chicken
production at plant
0.43 kg CO2
0.943 p
Eggs delivery,
industrial chicken
production, at plant
0.37 kg CO2
6.6 bird.days
Breeding birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.363 kg CO2
0.551 kg
Grower 1, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.215 kg CO2
0.246 kg
Grower 2, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.125 kg CO2
0.922 kg
Sweet sorghum
grains, at farm/CN
U
0.269 kg CO2
1.06 kg
Finisher, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.331 kg CO2
1.04 kg
Wheat, at farm/AU
U
0.307 kg CO2
0.83 MJ
Electricity, low
voltage, New South
Wales/AU U
0.234 kg CO2
0.733 kg
Withdrawal, feed
for industrial
chickens, at farm
0.305 kg CO2
0.198 kg
Canola seed, at
farm/AU U
0.134 kg CO2
2.76 MJ
Electricity,lLow
voltage,
Australian/AU U
0.807 kg CO2
2.9 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage,
Australian/AU U
0.804 kg CO2
1.9 MJ
Tractor engine, low
population area/AU
U
3.86 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, New South
Wales/AU U
0.162 kg CO2
1.04 kg CO2
27.9 bird.days
Manure managment
0.151 kg CO2
-0.0795 kg
Urea, at regional
storehouse/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
-0.123 kg CO2
3.88 MJ
Electricity, black
coal NSW, sent out
/AU U
1.06 kg CO2
*(10% contribution cut off used as model has so many components)
In this model 2.58 kg CO2 equivalent emissions are produced for one kg chicken meat on the
consumer’s table; a further 0.21kg would be produced to cook the chicken in a gas oven for
one hour. The main contributor is the feed; there is a small offset due to the use of chicken
manure as a fertilizer which offsets the need to use synthetic fertilizers. Car travel by the
consumer 5km to buy the chicken from the supermarket accounted for about 5% of the total
CO2 equivalent emissions, assuming that the chicken was about 5% of groceries bought at
the same time (based on monetary value). If other items were not bought in conjunction with
the chicken, this contribution would be considerably increased.
Local industrial production of 1 kg of chicken meat: land use Hectare-years
1 kg
Chicken meat,
industrial production,
on table
0.000905 Ha a
1 kg
Harvested chicken,
industrial production,
at plant
0.000904 Ha a
20.4 bird.days
Growing birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.2 kg
Disposal of chicken
inerds.
0.00122 Ha a
0.725 p
Hatched eggs,
industrial chicken
production at plant
0.000312 Ha a
0.943 p
Eggs delivery,
industrial chicken
production, at plant
0.00029 Ha a
0.346 kg
Starter, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.000151 Ha a
0.551 kg
Grower 1, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
-0.000228 Ha a
0.246 kg
Grower 2, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.000207 Ha a
0.000106 Ha a
0.216 kg
Soybean, at farm/AU
U
1.04 kg
Wheat, at farm/AU U
0.000108 Ha a
0.000637 Ha a
1.06 kg
Finisher, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.000407 Ha a
0.137 kg
Oats
8.4E-5 Ha a
0.733 kg
Withdrawal, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
-0.286 kg
Lupins, at farm/AU U
0.000259 Ha a
-0.000196 Ha a
0.198 kg
Canola seed, at
farm/AU U
0.000158 Ha a
0.05 kg
Disposal of feather
meal
-8.56E-5 Ha a
0.104 kg
Blood and bone meal
0.000118 Ha a
6.6 bird.days
Breeding birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.00029 Ha a
In this model 0.0009 hectare-years are used to produce 1 kg of chicken meat. The feed
production dominates the land use pattern. In terms of land actually occupied by chickens at
the grower farms in one year, 1 m2 at grower farm can grow 223.2kg chicken meat
(16.9chickens x 5.5 batches=93 chickens @ 2.4 kg each).
Land used at breeder farm, hatchery, processing plant, retail store is not included in the
model.
Industrial local production of 1 kg of chicken meat water use cubic metres
1 kg
Chicken meat,
industrial production,
on table
0.177 M3 H2O
1 kg
Harvested chicken,
industrial production,
at plant
0.176 M3 H2O
20.4 bird.days
Growing birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.167 M3 H2O
0.725 p
Hatched eggs,
industrial chicken
production at plant
0.0414 M3 H2O
0.943 p
Eggs delivery,
industrial chicken
production, at plant
0.0403 M3 H2O
6.6 bird.days
Breeding birds,
industrial chicken
production
0.0403 M3 H2O
0.346 kg
Starter, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.0167 M3 H2O
0.551 kg
Grower 1, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.0245 M3 H2O
0.0137 m3
Water, drinking,
Sydney,
reticulated/AU U
0.0138 M3 H2O
0.246 kg
Grower 2, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.0139 M3 H2O
1.06 kg
Finisher, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.0643 M3 H2O
0.733 kg
Withdrawal, feed for
industrial chickens,
at farm
0.0416 M3 H2O
0.922 kg
Sweet sorghum
grains, at farm/CN U
0.156 M3 H2O
1.27 m2
Irrigating/ha/CH U
0.155 M3 H2O
In this model 0.18 cubic metres of water are used, primarily in production of feed. This
model includes drinking water used on farms for the chickens to drink, modelled as Sydney
drinking water- this component is very small compared to water for feed production, but
Sydney water is likely to be more contested. Not all farms use Sydney water and other
sources would have less impact. Note that the big impact seems to be from irrigated sorghum
based on CH (Swiss) data. (Aim to reassess using Aust data if possible)
Civic Lettuce Producer 1 and production of 1 kg lettuce: CO2 equivalent emissions
1 kg
Harvested lettuce,
Civic LP1, at table
0.253 kg CO2 e
0.00339 m3
Water, drinking,
Sydney,
reticulated/AU U
1.67 p
Lettuce growing in
garden bed, Civic
LP1,, at backyard
0.00369 kg CO2 e
0.0308 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, Eastern
Australian/AU U
0.00891 kg CO2 e
0.0334 MJ
Electricity brown
coal VIC, sent
out/AU U
0.0124 kg CO2 e
0.249 kg CO2 e
1.67 p
Seedling growth,
Civic LP1, at
backyard
1.03 kg
Cow manure,
baged at regional
store.
0.08 kg CO2 e
202 m
Car, average, per
km travelled/AU U
0.0763 kg CO2 e
182 m
Car, petrol, per km
travelled/AU U
0.0692 kg CO2 e
0.0157 kg
Petrol, unleaded,
at consumer/AU U
0.0114 tkm
Transport,
Lucerne, 3.5-16t,
customisable/AU U
0.0997 kg CO2 e
0.34 tkm
Transport,
articulated truck,
>20t, fleet
0.0501 kg
Urea, at regional
storehouse/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
0.0355 kg CO2 e
0.308 MJ
Articulated truck
engine
operation/AU U
0.028 kg CO2 e
0.0138 kg CO2 e
0.0777 kg CO2 e
0.216 MJ
Energy, from
natural gas/AU U
0.0125 kg CO2 e
0.0419 MJ
Electricity,lLow
voltage,
Australian/AU U
0.0123 kg CO2 e
9.16E-6 m3
Mulcher, per litre
fuel without
catalytic
0.0147 kg CO2 e
0.139 MJ
Rigid truck
operation,
diesel/AU U
0.0127 kg CO2 e
0.0278 kg
Ammonia, steam
reforming, liquid,
at plant/RER
0.0531 kg CO2 e
0.0441 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage,
Australian/AU U
0.0106 kg CO2 e
0.0123 kg CO2 e
0.0381 kg
Crude oil, australian
average, at
refinery/AU U
0.0455 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, New
South Wales/AU U
0.0114 kg CO2 e
0.0123 kg CO2 e
0.0556 MJ
Electricity, black
coal NSW, sent
out /AU U
0.0152 kg CO2 e
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce producing 0.25kg CO2 equivalent emissions.
Production of own or industrially produced seeds is quite influential on total CO2 equivalent
emissions. Use of seed from industrial production involves tractor use, fertilizers and
transport- production of own seed greatly reduces this impact. Likewise, production of own
compost and reduction of use of industrial fertilizers is influential.
Civic Lettuce Producer 1 and production of 1 kg of lettuce: land use Hectare-years
1 kg
Harvested lettuce,
Civic LP1, at table
3.96E-6 Ha a
0.00339 m3
Water, drinking,
Sydney,
reticulated/AU U
1.7E-8 Ha a
0.0308 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, Eastern
Australian/AU U
4.15E-8 Ha a
1.67 p
Lettuce growing in
garden bed, Civic
LP1,, at backyard
3.94E-6 Ha a
1.67 p
Seedling growth,
Civic LP1, at
backyard
1.89E-6 Ha a
1.03 kg
Cow manure,
baged at regional
store.
2.48E-7 Ha a
202 m
Car, average, per
km travelled/AU U
9.5E-7 Ha a
182 m
Car, petrol, per
km travelled/AU U
8.58E-7 Ha a
0.000197 my
Operation,
maintenance,
road/CH/I S
1.6E-7 Ha a
12.5 m
Car, LGG, per km
travelled/AU U
5.88E-8 Ha a
0.34 tkm
Transport,
articulated truck,
>20t, fleet
5.03E-8 Ha a
0.0501 kg
Urea, at regional
storehouse/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
1.63E-7 Ha a
0.0419 MJ
Electricity,lLow
voltage,
Australian/AU U
6.59E-8 Ha a
0.0278 kg
Ammonia, steam
reforming, liquid,
at plant/RER
5.15E-8 Ha a
0.000236 m3
Manure collection,
Civic LP1
5.19E-8 Ha a
0.0563 kg
Triple
superphosphate,
at regional
5.24E-8 Ha a
3.31E-11 p
Chemical plant,
organics/RER/I S
1.11E-7 Ha a
0.0014 kg
Phosphoric acid,
fertiliser grade,
70% in H2O, at
5.25E-8 Ha a
0.0441 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage,
Australian/AU U
6.59E-8 Ha a
0.0455 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, New
South Wales/AU U
6.59E-8 Ha a
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce takes 3.96 x 10-6 hectare years.
Civic Lettuce Producer 1and production of 1 kg of lettuce: water use in cubic metres
1 kg
Harvested lettuce,
Civic LP1, at table
0.00439 M3 H2O
0.00339 m3
Water, drinking,
Sydney,
reticulated/AU U
0.00339 M3 H2O
1.67 p
Lettuce growing in
garden bed, Civic
LP1,, at backyard
0.00105 M3 H2O
1.67 p
Seedling growth,
Civic LP1, at
backyard
0.000321 M3 H2O
1.03 kg
Cow manure,
baged at regional
store.
0.000452 M3 H2O
0.0437 kg
Sand, at mine/CH
U/Adapted/AU U
202 m
Car, average, per
km travelled/AU U
6.17E-5 M3 H2O
0.000253 M3 H2O
0.34 tkm
Transport,
articulated truck,
>20t, fleet
0.000223 M3 H2O
182 m
Car, petrol, per km
travelled/AU U
5.42E-8 p
Lorry 40t/RER/I S
0.000229 M3 H2O
5.28E-5 M3 H2O
8.46E-7 p
Passenger
car/RER/I S
0.000197 my
Operation,
maintenance,
road/CH/I S
9.11E-5 M3 H2O
0.000115 M3 H2O
0.000236 m3
Manure collection,
Civic LP1
5.05E-5 M3 H2O
0.0501 kg
Urea, at regional
storehouse/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
0.000201 M3 H2O
0.000532 my
Road/CH/I S
0.000146 M3 H2O
0.0278 kg
Ammonia, steam
reforming, liquid,
at plant/RER
8.87E-5 M3 H2O
9.16E-6 m3
Mulcher, per litre
fuel without
catalytic
9.12E-5 M3 H2O
3.31E-11 p
Chemical plant,
organics/RER/I S
0.000132 M3 H2O
0.0563 kg
Triple
superphosphate,
at regional
0.000107 M3 H2O
0.00678 kg
Petrol, two-stroke
blend, at regional
storage/RER U
9.12E-5 M3 H2O
0.0014 kg
Phosphoric acid,
fertiliser grade,
70% in H2O, at
0.000121 M3 H2O
0.00664 kg
Petrol, unleaded,
at regional
storage/RER U
8.79E-5 M3 H2O
0.00216 kg
Sulphuric acid,
liquid, at plant/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
0.000117 M3 H2O
0.00664 kg
Petrol, unleaded,
at refinery/RER U
8.39E-5 M3 H2O
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce takes 0.004 cu m water. If industrial seeds are
used this becomes a major contributor to water use. Home production of seed reduces this
impact.
Civic Lettuce Producer 2 and production of 1 kg lettuce: CO2 equivalent emissions
1 kg
Harvested lettuce,
Civic LP2, at table
0.0807 kg CO2
1.67 p
Lettuce growing in
garden bed, Civic LP2,
at backyard
0.00335 m3
Water, drinking,
Sydney, reticulated/AU
U
0.0771 kg CO2
0.00363 kg CO2
0.18 kg
Lucerne or legume, NE
NSW
120 m
Car, average, per km
travelled/AU U
0.00848 kg CO2
0.00156 kg
DAP, production &
application, including
N2O emission
0.0123 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage, Eastern
Australian/AU U
0.0452 kg CO2
0.00302 kg
Lime, calcined, at
regional store/AU U
0.00355 kg CO2
0.0036 kg CO2
0.00156 kg
Diammonium
phosphate, at regional
store/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
0.0019 kg CO2
3.52E-6 kg
Nitrogen Volatilisation
from Fertiliser
Application/AU U
0.00164 kg CO2
109 m
Car, petrol, per km
travelled/AU U
0.041 kg CO2
0.00939 kg
Petrol, unleaded, at
consumer/AU U
0.00626 kg CO2
1.3E-5 m3
Refining petrol,
unleaded/AU U
0.00317 kg CO2
0.0368 MJ
Energy, from fuel oil,
just fuel, CO2,CH4, &
N2O/AU U
0.00285 kg CO2
4.22 m
Car, diesel, per km
travelled/AU U
0.00166 kg CO2
0.00353 kg CO2
7.47 m
Car, LGG, per km
travelled/AU U
0.00254 kg CO2
0.00768 MJ
Electricity, black coal
NSW, sent out /AU U
0.0021 kg CO2
5.05E-7 p
Passenger car/RER/I
S
0.00212 kg CO2
0.0122 kg
Crude oil, australian
average, at
refinery/AU U
0.00362 kg CO2
1.05E-5 m3
Crude oil,
imported/GLO U
0.00267 kg CO2
1.53E-5 m3
Crude oil exploration
and extraction/AU U
0.00306 kg CO2
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce produces 0.08kg CO2 equivalent emissions.
This current model does not take account of chickens to provide manure- they produce a by
product of eggs (avoiding industrial production) and the manure avoids use of synthetic
fertilisers. They also require input of feed.
Civic Lettuce Producer 2 and production of 1 kg of lettuce: land use Hectares per year
1 kg
Harvested lettuce,
Civic LP2, at table
1.35E-5 Ha a
1.67 p
Lettuce growing in
garden bed, Civic
LP2, at backyard
1.35E-5 Ha a
120 m
Car, average, per
km travelled/AU U
5.67E-7 Ha a
109 m
Car, petrol, per km
travelled/AU U
5.12E-7 Ha a
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce uses 1.35 x 1 -5 hectare yrs.
Civic Lettuce Producer 2 and production of 1 kg of lettuce: water use in cubic metres
1 kg
Harvested lettuce,
Civic LP2, at table
0.0036 M3 H2O
1.67 p
Lettuce growing in
garden bed, Civic
LP2, at backyard
0.00026 M3 H2O
0.18 kg
Lucerne or legume,
NE NSW
0.000108 M3 H2O
0.00156 kg
DAP, production &
application,
including N2O
9.08E-5 M3 H2O
0.00335 m3
Water, drinking,
Sydney,
reticulated/AU U
0.00335 M3 H2O
120 m
Car, average, per
km travelled/AU U
0.000151 M3 H2O
109 m
Car, petrol, per km
travelled/AU U
0.000136 M3 H2O
0.00156 kg
Diammonium
phosphate, at
regional store/RER
9.08E-5 M3 H2O
0.000994 kg
Phosphoric acid,
fertiliser grade, 70%
in H2O, at plant/US
8.53E-5 M3 H2O
0.00152 kg
Sulphuric acid,
liquid, at plant/RER
U/Adapted/AU U
8.23E-5 M3 H2O
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce accounts for 0.004 cu m water.
Local Industrial lettuce Producer 1 and production of 1 kg of lettuce: CO2 equivalent
emissions (5% cutoff)
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce produces 0.32kg CO2 equivalent emissions.
Local Industrial lettuce Producer 1 and production of 1 kg of lettuce: land use in
hectares. (0.6% cutoff)
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce uses 2.0 x 10-5 hectares per year.
Local Industrial lettuce Producer 1 and production of 1 kg of lettuce: water use. (0.6%
cutoff)
The model shows production of 1kg of lettuce uses 0.072 cubic metres of water.