Integrated Science 1: Chapter 6 Organic Molecule Review
Name:____________________________________
Per:________
Directions: Answer the following questions is complete sentences. Use your notes, and the readings on
p.264-279 to help you give a detailed answer to each question.
1. What do all organic compounds have in common? (p. 267-268)
All organic compounds are made of Carbon
2. What are the 4 main types of organic compounds found in cells? (pg. 267-268)
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
3. Animals usually store energy reserves as lipids. Plants usually store energy reserves as starches.
What is the advantage of animals storing energy as lipids? (p. 267-268)
Lipids provide concentrated energy storage that can produce more than twice as much usable energy as
glucose.
4. Complete the following table. (p. 269-271)
Organic Molecule
Carbohydrates
Elements
C, H, O
Examples
Glucose,
starch, glycogen
cellulose, chitin,
Function(s) in Cell
Primary energy source for cells
Storage of energy
Support (cell walls, exoskeleton)
Lipid
C, H, O
Fatty acids
1. Long term storage of energy and
carbon
2. used in the construction of cell
membranes
3. signaling between cells
Phospholipids
steroids
Proteins
H,O,N,C
Hair, nails, bones
hormones
Antibodies
enzymes
Nucleic Acids
C,H,O,N,P
(nucleotides)
DNA, RNA
Structural components/cell membranes
Messengers and receivers of messages
between cells
Defend against diseases
Assist the reactions occurring in cells
carry the instructions for cell processes
store and transmit hereditary information
5. It is estimated that the human body contains over 2 million different proteins. Describe how it is
possible for so many different proteins to exist. (p. 269-271)
Proteins are made of chains of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids. The order in which they
are combined determines the structure and the function of the protein. Because proteins can be many
thousands of amino acids long, there are millions of possible combinations.
6. Why is it important for all cells to have a cell membrane? Why might it be beneficial? (p. 274-277)
Membranes are beneficial because they protect cells from the external environment. Membranes
determine which molecules can pass into and out of the cell, and which cannot. Eukaryotic cells (cells
with a nucleus) also contain organelles which are bound by membranes. These organelles allow
different chemical reactions to be happening in the cell at the same time without interfering with each
other.
7. Complete the Venn diagram to illustrate the similarities and differences between Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes. (p.272-273)
Genetic material not
enclosed in a
nucleus
Prokaryote
Plasma
membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic
material
ribosomes
Can be single
celled
Have a nucleus
Can be multicellular
Have organelles
Eukaryote
8. Complete the Venn diagram to illustrate the similarities and differences between Plant cells and
Animal Cells (p. 274-277)
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Cell wall
chloroplasts
Plasma
membrane
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Centriole
lysosome
9. What differences are likely to exist between single-celled organisms and the cells of a multicellular
organism? (p. 274-277)
Single-cells organisms perform the basic functions of life, but the cells of multicellular organisms
perform basic functions and also specialize to perform specific jobs. Groups of specialized cells form
tissues, organs, and systems in multicellular organisms.
10. What are the three main ideas of the Cell Theory? (notes and p. 278-279)
1. all living things are made of cells
2. cells are the fundamental unit of life
3. all new cells come from pre-existing cells
A concept map helps to identify how different concepts and ideas are related. An example of a concept
map is shown below.
11. Build a concept map using the following words: atoms, carbohydrates, cells, elements, lipids, nucleic
acids, organic molecules, and organism. You may add additional words to make the relationship clearer.
organisms
Make up
cells
Make up parts of
carbohydrates
proteins
Nucleic acids
lipids
Have 4 basic types
Organic molecules
Combine together (with carbon) to form
elements
Are made of
atoms