Table of Contents
Introduction
1. Chemical Substances and Poisoning of Humans
General Safety Guidelines
References
2. Chemical Substances and Categorization
Introduction
Chemicals and Categorization
Industrial Solvents
Metals and Metal Compounds
Pesticides
3. Toxic Dust, Fumes, Gases, and Vapors
Fumes and Dust of Metals
Asphyxiates
Corrosive Substances
Irritants
Eye and Skin Irritants
Lung and Respiratory Irritants
Neurotoxic Chemicals
Oxidizing Agents
Carcinogens, Mutagens, and Teratogens
Chemicals and Fire Hazards
Conclusion
References
4. Elements of Toxicology and Chemical Safety
Introduction
Toxicology Studies
History of Toxicology
Branches of Toxicology
Types of Toxicological Studies
Acute Toxicity
Chronic Toxicity
Influencing Factors
Dose–Time Relationship
Routes of Exposure and Toxicity Tests
Parameters of Toxicity
Parameters and the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals and Drugs
Good Laboratory Practice and Regulations
Good Laboratory Practice
Toxicology Test Report
References
5. Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity
Industrial Solvents
Introduction
Solvents
Flammable and Combustible Solvents
Uses of Solvents
Exposure to Solvents
Drugs, Pharmaceutical Products, and Residual Solvents
Solvents and Precautions
Education and Training
Toxicity and Health Effects
Neurotoxicity
Solvent Syndrome and Fetal Defects
Workplace Controls and Work Practices
Occupational Exposure Limits
Solvents and Toxicity Profile
Conclusion
References
6. Classes of Different Chemical Substances and Solvents
Health Hazards of Solvents upon Inhalation
Metals and Metal Compounds
Introduction
Discovery of Metals
Different Metals
Metals and Alloys
Metal Poisoning and Symptoms
Conclusions
References
7. Metals and Health Disorders in Humans
Pesticides
Introduction
Global Development of Pesticides
Classifications of Pesticides
Uses of Pesticides
Toxicity of Pesticides
Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity
Pesticide Management
Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning
Approaches to Reduce Intentional and Suicidal Poisonings
The Insecticide Act (1968)
Regulations
Pesticides and Carcinogenicity
Conclusion
References
8. Global Development of Pesticides
Pesticide Poisoning—Mild, Moderate, and Severe
Pesticide Components, Signs of Toxicity, and Parts of the Body Affected
Behavioral and Nonbehavioral Changes Caused by Pesticide Exposure
Pesticides and Mammalian Toxicity
Pesticides and Hormone Disturbances in Mammals
Classification of Pesticide Toxicity
Organochlorinate Pesticides and Carcinogenicity
Classification of Pesticides and Carcinogenicity
Pesticides Listed in India as Carcinogens
9. Air Pollutants and Toxic Gases
Introduction
Sources of Pollutants and Health Effects
Air Pollutants
References
10. Chemical Substances and Carcinogenicity
Introduction
Carcinogens and Carcinogenesis
Classification of Carcinogens
Chemical Substances, Occupations, and Cancer
Children and Pesticide-Induced Cancer
References
Additional Reading
Known Human Carcinogens
Group B2—Probable Human Carcinogens
Group E—Evidence of Noncarcinogenicity for Humans
Classification of Benign and Malignant Tumors in Mammals
11. Chemical Substances and Neurotoxicity
Introduction
Neurotoxicity
Industrial Chemicals and Neurotoxicity
Monomers
Neurotoxicity and Children
Symptoms of Neurotoxicity
Polyneuropathy
Encephalopathy
Neurotoxicants and Neonates
Conclusion
References
12. Chemical Substances and Neurotoxicity
Chemical Substances and Nephrotoxicity
Introduction
Chemical Substances and Renal Injury
Symptoms of Nephropathy
Metals and Nephrotoxicity
References
Conclusions
13. Chemical Safety Guidelines
Safe-Handling Guidelines
Minimize Exposure and Reduce Risks
Hygiene and Chemical Safety
Glossary
Appendices
Index