1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Online Supplementary material for:
Paz A, Ibañez R, Lips KR, Crawford AJ. Testing the role of ecology and life history in structuring genetic
variation across a landscape: A trait-based phylogeographic approach. Molecular Ecology. In press.
Online Table S1. Number of georeferenced localities used for environmental niche modeling for each
species (training, testing and total) and number of samples per species of frog per sampling site in Panama
(Cana, El Copé and Brewster) for genetic analyses. NA indicates data were unavailable or not used.
Atelopus spp.
Localities
used for
model
training
16
Localities
used for
model
testing
3
Total
localities
used for
modeling
19
Genetic
samples
from
El Copé
8
Genetic
samples
from
Brewster
2
Genetic
samples
from
Cana
3
Cochranella euknemos
24
5
29
4
3
5
Colostethus panamansis
16
4
20
9
6
6
Colostethus pratti
34
8
42
7
2
19
Craugastor bransfordii
95
23
118
7
3
NA
Craugastor crassidigitus
104
25
129
6
12
NA
Craugastor fitzingeri
44
10
54
4
14
10
Craugastor gollmeri
32
8
40
9
6
NA
Craugastor opimus/megacephalus
52
13
65
10
11
NA
Craugastor talamancae
43
10
53
12
4
NA
Diasporus spp.
93
23
116
2
9
4
Engystomops pustulosus
227
56
283
4
2
8
Espadarana prosoblepon
108
27
135
5
7
13
Gastrotheca cornuta
15
3
18
3
2
NA
Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum
38
9
47
7
9
NA
Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
72
17
89
3
5
NA
Hyloscirtus colymba
20
5
25
10
3
5
Lithobates warszewitschii
68
17
85
6
14
NA
Pristimantis caryophyllaceus
44
10
54
2
7
11
Pristimantis cerasinus
56
14
70
2
5
NA
Pristimantis cruentus
78
19
97
9
10
NA
Pristimantis museosus / P. aff.
museosus
Pristimantis ridens
NA
NA
NA
3
2
9
109
27
136
4
4
NA
Pristimantis taeniatus
27
6
33
NA
12
3
Rhaebo haematiticus
83
20
103
7
5
7
Sachatamia albomaculata
34
8
42
6
4
NA
Sachatamia ilex
12
3
15
8
11
NA
Species
1
Silverstoneia flotator
28
6
34
3
5
NA
Silverstoneia nubicola
37
9
46
11
4
7
Strabomantis bufoniformis
36
8
44
4
5
2
Teratohyla spinosa
26
6
32
4
2
NA
2
11
12
13
14
15
Online Table S2. Museum voucher number (absent for specimens awaiting accession), field collector number, Barcode of Life Data
Systems (BoLD) Process ID number for specimen data and DNA sequence data in, and GenBank accession number for COI and 16S
mitochondrial gene sequences for each tissue sample used in this study, organized by species of frog and by locality. NV under
Museum number indicates no voucher exists for that tissue sample. GenBank numbers in bold correspond to numbers taken from
previously published sources.
16
Species
Atelopus spp.
Cochranella
euknemos
Locality
Museum number
Collector number
BoLD
GenBank COI
GenBank 16S
Brewster
CH 6694, CH 6742
CH 6694, CH 6742
BSAMP1055-09, BSAMP1082-09
KC129181, KC129183
KC129289, KC129291
Cana
CH 6382, CH 6384
CH 6382, CH 6384, AJC 1855
BSAMP782-09, BSAMP784-09,
BSAMP955-09
KR862875, KR862874,
KR862873
KR863130, KR863129,
KR863128
El Copé
NV, NV, NV, NV, NV, NV, NV,
NV
KRL 1519, KRL 1521, KRL
1539, KRL 1542, KRL 1711,
KRL 1444, KRL 1568, KRL
1569
BSAMP290-07, BSAMP292-07,
BSAMP300-07, BSAMP302-07,
BSAMP341-07, BSAMP254-07,
BSAMP318-07, BSAMP319-07
FJ766577, FJ766576,
FJ766574, FJ766573,
FJ784553, KR862878,
KR862877, KR862876
FJ766577, FJ784543,
FJ766574, FJ784553,
FJ784553, KR863133,
KR863132, KR863131
Brewster
CH 6864, CH 6766, CH 6696
CH 6864, CH 6766, CH 6696
BSAMP1172-09, BSAMP628-08,
BSAMP1057-09
KR862885, KR862879,
KR862886
KR863140, KR863134,
KR863141
Cana
CH 6423, CH 6440
CH 6423, CH 6440, AJC 1687,
AJC 1688, AJC 1850
BSAMP817-09, BSAMP834-09,
BSAMP887-09, BSAMP888-09,
BSAMP950-09
KR862881, KR862884,
KR862883, KR862882,
KR862880
KR863136, KR863139,
KR863138, KR863137,
KR863135
El Copé
NV, USNM572160, USNM
572158, USNM 572159
KRL 1054, KRL 1055, KRL
0841, KRL 0937
BSAMP165-07, BSAMP166-07,
BSAMP085-07, BSAMP146-07
FJ766601, FJ766600,
FJ766603, FJ766602
FJ784459, FJ784459,
FJ766603, FJ784443
Brewster
CH 6855, CH 6820, CH 6828, CH
6833, CH 6835
CH 6855, AJC 1937, CH 6820,
CH 6828, CH 6833, CH 6835
BSAMP1165-09, BSAMP707-09,
BSAMP1140-09, BSAMP114709, BSAMP1151-09,
BSAMP1153-09
KC129197, KC129194,
KC129196, KC129198,
KC129202, KC129195
KC129197, KC129301,
KC129304, KC129306,
KC129310, KC129303
Cana
CH 6448, CH 6356
CH 6448, AJC 1816, AJC
1856, AJC 1857, AJC 1859,
CH 6356
BSAMP842-09, BSAMP916-09,
BSAMP956-09, BSAMP957-09,
BSAMP959-09, BSAMP1044-09
KC129189, KC129188,
KC129215, KC129214,
KC129213, KC129212
KC129296, KC129295,
KC129323, KC129322,
KC129321, KC129320
Colostethus
panamansis
3
El Copé
NV, USNM 572498, USNM
572499, USNM 572501, USNM
572502, USNM 572503, USNM
572508, USNM 572510, USNM
572511
KRL 0953, KRL 1338, KRL
1339, KRL 1343, KRL 1344,
KRL 1359, KRL 1390, KRL
1421, KRL 1433
BSAMP150-07, BSAMP223-07,
BSAMP224-07, BSAMP226-07,
BSAMP227-07, BSAMP228-07,
BSAMP235-07, BSAMP245-07,
BSAMP248-07
FJ766619, FJ766618,
FJ766617, FJ766616,
FJ766615, FJ766614,
FJ766614, FJ766612,
FJ766611
FJ784447, FJ766618,
FJ766617, FJ784507,
FJ784508, FJ784509,
FJ784509, FJ784526,
FJ784529
Brewster
CH 6816
AJC 1968, CH 6816
BSAMP738-09, BSAMP1104-09
KR862888, KR862889
KR863143, KR863144
Cana
CH 6363, CH 6446, CH 6330
CH 6363, CH 6446, AJC 1697,
AJC 1698, AJC 1699, AJC
1700, AJC 1801, AJC 1802,
AJC 1803, AJC 1804, AJC
1805, AJC 1806, AJC 1807,
AJC 1808, AJC 1810, AJC
1811, AJC 1812, AJC 1815,
CH 6330
BSAMP763-09, BSAMP840-09,
BSAMP897-09, BSAMP898-09,
BSAMP899-09, BSAMP900-09,
BSAMP901-09, BSAMP902-09,
BSAMP903-09, BSAMP904-09,
BSAMP905-09, BSAMP906-09,
BSAMP907-09, BSAMP908-09,
BSAMP910-09, BSAMP911-09,
BSAMP912-09, BSAMP915-09,
BSAMP1018-09
KF807001, KF807014,
KF807020, KF807023,
KF807021, KF807000,
KF807002, KF807004,
KF807005, KF807006,
KF807007, KF807008,
KF807009, KF807010,
KF807011, KF807012,
KF807013, KF807022,
KF807016
KF807040, KF807053,
KF807059, KF807062,
KF807060, KF807039,
KF807041, KF807043,
KF807044, KF807045,
KF807046, KF807047,
KF807048, KF807049,
KF807050, KF807051,
KF807052, KF807061,
KF807055
El Copé
NV, USNM 572525, USNM
572521, NV, USNM 572523,
USNM 572524, NV
KRL 1094, KRL 1217, KRL
0732, KRL 0733, KRL 0906,
KRL 0919, KRL 1507
BSAMP173-07, BSAMP211-07,
BSAMP035-07, BSAMP036-07,
BSAMP132-07, BSAMP141-07,
BSAMP287-07
FJ766621, FJ766620,
FJ766625, FJ766624,
FJ766623, FJ784429,
KR862887
FJ766621, FJ784494,
FJ784350, FJ784351,
FJ784429, FJ784429,
KR863142
Brewster
CH 6808
AJC 1921, AJC 1960, CH
6808
BSAMP691-09, BSAMP730-09,
BSAMP1097-09
KR862890, KR862892,
KR862891
KR863145, KR863147,
KR863146
El Copé
USNM 572222, USNM 572223,
USNM 572220, MVUP 1803,
USNM 572221, NV, NV
KRL 1177, KRL 1244, KRL
0696, KRL 0751, KRL 0802,
KRL 0904, KRL 1570
BSAMP197-07, BSAMP213-07,
BSAMP023-07, BSAMP044-07,
BSAMP064-07, BSAMP130-07,
BSAMP320-07
FJ766627, FJ766626,
FJ766631, FJ766630,
FJ766629, FJ766628,
KR862893
FJ784481, FJ784496,
FJ766631, FJ784358,
FJ784376, FJ784427,
KR863148
Brewster
CH 6761, CH 6866
AJC 1783, AJC 1785, CH
6761, CH 6866, CH 6797, AJC
1905, AJC 1923, AJC 1928,
AJC 1959, AJC 1751, AJC
1987, AJC 1992
BSAMP590-08, BSAMP592-08,
BSAMP623-08, BSAMP1174-09,
BSAMP654-08, BSAMP675-09,
BSAMP693-09, BSAMP698-09,
BSAMP729-09, BSAMP852-09,
BSAMP1124-09, BSAMP1129-09
KR862904, KR862898,
KR862895, KR862894,
KR862905, KR862903,
KR862901, KR862900,
KR862899, KR862896,
KR862902, KR862920
KR863159, KR863153,
KR863150, KR863149,
KR863160, KR863158,
KR863156, KR863155,
KR863154, KR863151,
KR863157, KR863175
El Copé
NV, USNM 572229, NV, USNM
572230, NV, NV
KRL 0129, KRL 0664, KRL
0665, KRL 0675, KRL 0858,
KRL 1572
BSAMP214-07, BSAMP011-07,
BSAMP012-07, BSAMP013-07,
BSAMP097-07, BSAMP321-07
FJ766644, FJ766643,
FJ766642, FJ766641,
FJ766639, KR862897
FJ784322, FJ766643,
FJ784328, FJ784329,
FJ784407, KR863152
Colostethus pratti
Craugastor
bransfordii
Craugastor
crassidigitus
4
CH 6852, CH 6861, CH 6869, CH
6784, CH 6791, CH 6840, CH
6841
BSAMP565-08, BSAMP581-08,
BSAMP1162-09, BSAMP1170AJC 1758, AJC 1774, CH
09, BSAMP1177-09, BSAMP5886852, CH 6861, CH 6869, AJC
08, BSAMP642-08, BSAMP6481781, CH 6784, CH 6791, AJC
08, BSAMP1116-09,
1979, AJC 1980, AJC 1981,
BSAMP1117-09, BSAMP1118AJC 1988, CH 6840, CH 6841
09, BSAMP1125-09,
BSAMP1155-09, BSAMP1156-09
Cana
CH 6362, CH 6351, CH 6355, CH
6358, CH 6360
CH 6362, AJC 1682, AJC
1691, AJC 1692, AJC 1694,
AJC 1829, CH 6351, CH 6355,
CH 6358, CH 6360
BSAMP762-09, BSAMP882-09,
BSAMP891-09, BSAMP892-09,
BSAMP894-09, BSAMP929-09,
BSAMP1039-09, BSAMP104309, BSAMP1046-09,
BSAMP1048-09
KR862909, KR862929,
KR862908, KR862907,
KR862930, KR862906,
KR862925, KR862923,
KR862922, KR862921
KR863164, KR863184,
KR863163, KR863162,
KR863185, KR863161,
KR863180, KR863178,
KR863177, KR863176
El Copé
NV, NV, USNM 572256, NV
KRL 1548, KRL 0693, KRL
0720, KRL 0743
BSAMP305-07, BSAMP021-07,
BSAMP029-07, BSAMP041-07
FJ766645, FJ766648,
FJ766647, FJ766646
FJ784555, FJ84337,
FJ784344, FJ784356
Brewster
CH 6665
AJC 1902, AJC 1926, AJC
1941, AJC 1952, CH 6665,
AJC 1754
BSAMP672-09, BSAMP696-09,
BSAMP711-09, BSAMP722-09,
BSAMP741-09, BSAMP854-09
KR862934, KR862931,
KR862935, KR862936,
KR862937, KR862933
KR863189, KR863186,
KR863190, KR863191,
KR863192, KR863188
El Copé
USNM 572264, USNM 572275,
USNM 572259, NV, USNM
572260, USNM 572261, USNM
572262, NV, NV
KRL 1200, KRL 1214, KRL
0701, KRL 0737, KRL 0764,
KRL 0860, KRL 0912, KRL
0930, KRL 1579
BSAMP206-07, BSAMP209-07,
BSAMP025-07, BSAMP038-07,
BSAMP050-07, BSAMP099-07,
BSAMP135-07, BSAMP145-07,
BSAMP326-07
FJ766650, FJ766649,
FJ766656, FJ766655,
FJ766654, FJ766653,
FJ766652, FJ766651,
KR862932
FJ784489, FJ784492,
FJ784341, FJ784353,
FJ784364, FJ784408,
FJ784432, FJ784442,
KR863187
Brewster
CH 6790, CH 6794
AJC 1777, AJC 1780, AJC
1784, CH 6790, CH 6794, AJC
1797, AJC 1800, AJC 1903,
AJC 1904, AJC 1910, AJC
1752
BSAMP584-08, BSAMP587-08,
BSAMP591-08, BSAMP647-08,
BSAMP651-08, BSAMP667-09,
BSAMP670-09, BSAMP673-09,
BSAMP674-09, BSAMP680-09,
BSAMP853-09
KR862942, KR862941,
KR862946, KR862945,
KR862944, KR862949,
KR862950, KR862951,
KR862947, KR862948,
KR862943
KR863197, KR863196,
KR863201, KR863200,
KR863199, KR863204,
KR863205, KR863206,
KR863202, KR863203,
KR863198
El Copé
USNM 572269, USNM 572270,
NV, NV, USNM 572267, USNM
572268, NV, NV, NV, NV
KRL 1035, KRL 1144, KRL
0618, KRL 0686, KRL 0728,
KRL 0805, KRL 0911, KRL
0711, KRL 1485, KRL 1573
BSAMP162-07, BSAMP188-07,
BSAMP002-07, BSAMP019-07,
BSAMP032-07, BSAMP067-07,
BSAMP134-07, BSAMP028-07,
BSAMP272-07, BSAMP322-07
FJ766658, FJ766657,
FJ766663, FJ766662,
FJ766661, FJ766660,
FJ766659, KR862940,
KR862939, KR862938
FJ784456, FJ784472,
FJ784323, FJ784335,
FJ784347, FJ784378,
FJ784431, KR863195,
KR863194, KR863193
AJC 1920, AJC 1934, AJC
1944, AJC 1950
BSAMP690-09, BSAMP704-09,
BSAMP714-09, BSAMP720-09
KR862953, KR862955,
KR862954, KR862952
KR863208, KR863210,
KR863209, KR863207
Brewster
Craugastor fitzingeri
Craugastor gollmeri
Craugastor
opimus/megacephalus
Craugastor
talamancae
Brewster
KR862914, KR862913,
KR862910, KR862915,
KR862916, KR862912,
KR862924, KR862911,
KR862928, KR862927,
KR862926, KR862919,
KR862918, KR862917
KR863169, KR863168,
KR863165, KR863170,
KR863171, KR863167,
KR863179, KR863166,
KR863183, KR863182,
KR863181, KR863174,
KR863173, KR863172
5
El Copé
USNM 572477, NV, NV, USNM
572307, USNM 572478, USNM
572309, USNM 572310, USNM
572311, USNM 572312, USNM
572313, USNM 572314, USNM
572316
KRL 1087, KRL 1342, KRL
1360, KRL 1363, KRL 1394,
KRL 1409, KRL 1454, KRL
1458, KRL 1463, KRL 1520,
KRL 1529, KRL 1624
BSAMP171-07, BSAMP225-07,
BSAMP229-07, BSAMP230-07,
BSAMP236-07, BSAMP240-07,
BSAMP260-07, BSAMP263-07,
BSAMP266-07, BSAMP291-07,
BSAMP298-07, BSAMP332-07
FJ766696, FJ784506,
FJ766695, FJ766693,
FJ766692, FJ766691,
FJ766690, FJ766689,
FJ766688, FJ766687,
FJ766687, FJ766685
FJ784462, FJ784506,
FJ784510, FJ784511,
FJ784517, FJ784521,
FJ784530, FJ784533,
FJ784536, FJ784542,
FJ784549, FJ784572
Brewster
CH 6648, CH 6786, CH 6800, CH
6802, CH 6676, CH 6792, CH
6803, CH 6804
CH 6648, CH 6786, CH 6800,
CH 6802, CH 6676, AJC 1789,
CH 6792, CH 6803, CH 6804
BSAMP608-08, BSAMP644-08,
BSAMP657-08, BSAMP658-08,
BSAMP751-09, BSAMP596-08,
BSAMP649-08, BSAMP659-08,
BSAMP665-09
KR862957, KR862958,
KR862956, KR862960,
KR862959, KR862963,
KR862962, KR862964,
KR862961
KR863212, KR863213,
KR863211, KR863215,
KR863214, KR863218,
KR863217, KR863219,
KR863216
Cana
CH 6425, CH 6431, CH 6439
CH 6425, CH 6431, CH 6439,
AJC 1866
BSAMP819-09, BSAMP825-09,
BSAMP833-09, BSAMP966-09
KR862968, KR862967,
KR862965, KR862966
KR863223, KR863222,
KR863220, KR863221
Diasporus spp.
Engystomops
pustulosus
Espadarana
prosoblepon
El Copé
USNM 572456, NV
KRL 0782, KRL 0831
BSAMP055-07, BSAMP079-07
FJ766810, FJ766809
FJ784369, FJ784390
Brewster
CH 6783
AJC 1775, CH 6783
BSAMP582-08, BSAMP641-08
KR862972, KR862969
KR863227, KR863224
Cana
CH 6371, CH 6374, CH 6318, CH
6320, CH 6321, CH 6325, CH
6327, CH 6336
CH 6371, CH 6374, CH 6318,
CH 6320, CH 6321, CH 6325,
CH 6327, CH 6336
BSAMP771-09, BSAMP774-09,
BSAMP1006-09, BSAMP100809, BSAMP1009-09,
BSAMP1013-09, BSAMP101509, BSAMP1024-09
KR862971, KR862970,
KR862973, KR862974,
KR862975, KR862976,
KR862977, KR862978
KR863226, KR863225,
KR863228, KR863229,
KR863230, KR863231,
KR863232, KR863233
El Copé
USNM 572715, USNM 572716,
NV, USNM 572717
KRL 0867, KRL 0868, KRL
0915, KRL 0916
BSAMP106-07, BSAMP107-07,
BSAMP137-07, BSAMP138-07
FJ766703, FJ766702,
FJ766701, FJ766700
FJ784414, FJ784415,
FJ784434, FJ784435
Brewster
CH 6851, CH 6863, CH 6781, CH
6680, CH 6683, CH 6756
CH 6851, AJC 1776, CH 6863,
CH 6781, CH 6680, CH 6683,
CH 6756
BSAMP1161-09, BSAMP583-08,
BSAMP1171-09, BSAMP639-08,
BSAMP755-09, BSAMP758-09,
BSAMP1095-09
KR862995, KR862998,
KR862991, KR862990,
KR862996, KR862986,
KR862980
KR863250, KR863253,
KR863246, KR863245,
KR863251, KR863241,
KR863235
Cana
CH 6418, CH 6424, CH 6427, CH
6430, CH 6435, CH 6445, CH
6451
CH 6418, CH 6424, CH 6427,
CH 6430, CH 6435, CH 6445,
CH 6451, AJC 1684, AJC
1685, AJC 1689, AJC 1830,
AJC 1878, AJC 1893
BSAMP813-09, BSAMP818-09,
BSAMP821-09, BSAMP824-09,
BSAMP829-09, BSAMP839-09,
BSAMP845-09, BSAMP884-09,
BSAMP885-09, BSAMP889-09,
BSAMP930-09, BSAMP978-09,
BSAMP993-09
KR862981, KR862982,
KR862983, KR862989,
KR862979, KR862988,
KR862984, KR862997,
KR862994, KR862993,
KR862992, KR862987,
KR862985
KR863236, KR863237,
KR863238, KR863244,
KR863234, KR863243,
KR863239, KR863252,
KR863249, KR863248,
KR863247, KR863242,
KR863240
El Copé
NV, NV, USNM 572195, NV, NV
toe2253, toe2301, KRL 0761,
KRL 0762, KRL 0875
BSAMP367-07, BSAMP368-07,
BSAMP048-07, BSAMP049-07,
BSAMP111-07
FJ766590, FJ766589,
FJ766593, FJ766592,
FJ766591
FJ784604, FJ784605,
FJ784362, FJ784363,
FJ784419
6
Brewster
Gastrotheca cornuta
BSAMP699-09, BSAMP1085-09
KC129226, KC129225
KC129335, KC129334
BSAMP193-07, BSAMP247-07,
BSAMP061-07
FJ766705, FJ766704,
FJ766706
FJ784477, FJ766704,
FJ784373
KR863002, KF604295,
KR863004, KF604297,
KR863003, KR863000,
KR863001, KR862999,
KF604296
KR863257, KF604300,
KR863259, KF604302,
KR863258, KR863255,
KR863256, KR863254,
KF604301
El Copé
Brewster
CH 6843, CH 6844, CH 6773, CH
6785, CH 6754, CH 6822, CH
6829, CH 6830
El Copé
USNM 572121, USNM 572123,
USNM 572125, NV, USNM
572115, USNM 572116, USNM
572113
KRL 1159, KRL 1424, KRL
1556, KRL 1557, KRL 0726,
KRL 0727, KRL 0852
BSAMP191-07, BSAMP246-07,
BSAMP311-07, BSAMP312-07,
BSAMP030-07, BSAMP031-07,
BSAMP092-07
FJ766713, FJ766712,
FJ766711, FJ766710,
FJ766716, FJ766715,
FJ766714
FJ784475, FJ784527,
FJ784561, FJ784562,
FJ784345, FJ784346,
FJ784402
Brewster
CH 6856, CH 6649, CH 6654, CH
6655
CH 6856, AJC 1792, CH 6649,
CH 6654, CH 6655
BSAMP1166-09, BSAMP599-08,
BSAMP609-08, BSAMP614-08,
BSAMP615-08
KR863010, KR863005,
KR863012, KR863011,
KR863009
KR863265, KR863260,
KR863267, KR863266,
KR863264
El Copé
NV, NV, NV
KRL 1115, KRL 1126, KRL
1316
BSAMP180-07, BSAMP183-07,
BSAMP218-07
KR863006, KR863007,
KR863008
KR863261, KR863262,
KR863263
Brewster
CH 6669
AJC 1919, AJC 1945, CH
6669
BSAMP689-09, BSAMP715-09,
BSAMP744-09
KR863013, KR863015,
KR863014
KR863268, KR863270,
KR863269
El Copé
USNM 572621, USNM 572629,
USNM 572630
KRL 1329, KRL 1518, KRL
1544, KRL 1565, KRL 1623,
KRL 1630, KRL 1631, KRL
1723, toe3, KRL 0812
BSAMP219-07, BSAMP289-07,
BSAMP303-07, BSAMP316-07,
BSAMP331-07, BSAMP335-07,
BSAMP336-07, BSAMP345-07,
BSAMP370-07, BSAMP070-07
FJ766730, FJ766729,
FJ766728, FJ766727,
FJ766726, FJ766725,
FJ766724, FJ766723,
FJ766722, FJ766731
FJ784500, FJ784540,
FJ766728, FJ784566,
FJ784571, FJ784575,
FJ784576, FJ784585,
FJ784607, FJ784381
KR863019, KR863022,
KR863026, KR863023,
KR863016, KR863017,
KR863018, NA,
KR863024, KR863020,
KR863025, KR863021,
KR863027, KR863028
KR863275, KR863278,
KR863282, KR863279,
KR863272, KR863273,
KR863274, KR863271,
KR863280, KR863276,
KR863281, KR863277,
KR863283, KR863284
Hyalinobatrachium
colymbiphyllum
Hyalinobatrachium
fleischmanni
Hyloscirtus colymba
Lithobates
warszewitschii
AJC 1929, CH 6745
KRL 1163, KRL 1429, KRL
0799
USNM 572473, USNM 572474,
USNM 572472
Brewster
CH 6868, CH 6760, CH 6686, CH
6736, CH 6658, CH 6659
BSAMP1157-09, BSAMP1158CH 6843, CH 6844, AJC 1772, 09, BSAMP579-08, BSAMP632CH 6773, CH 6785, CH 6754, 08, BSAMP643-08, BSAMP1093CH 6822, CH 6829, CH 6830
09, BSAMP1141-09,
BSAMP1148-09, BSAMP1149-09
BSAMP1176-09, BSAMP622-08,
BSAMP668-09, BSAMP692-09,
CH 6868, CH 6760, AJC 1798,
BSAMP736-09, BSAMP737-09,
AJC 1922, AJC 1966, AJC
BSAMP856-09, BSAMP1049-09,
1967, AJC 1756, CH 6686, CH
BSAMP1076-09, BSAMP11216736, AJC 1984, AJC 1985,
09, BSAMP1122-09, BSAMP601AJC 1794, CH 6658, CH 6659
08, BSAMP617-08, BSAMP61808
7
USNM 572770, USNM 572779,
USNM 572780, NV, NV, NV
KRL 1008, KRL 1540, KRL
1553, KRL 1496, KRL 1508,
KRL 1567
BSAMP160-07, BSAMP301-07,
BSAMP308-07, BSAMP280-07,
BSAMP288-07, BSAMP317-07
FJ766752, FJ766751,
FJ766750, KR911913,
KR911914, KR911915
FJ784454, FJ784552,
FJ784558, KR911917,
KR911916, KR911918
CH 6681, CH 6751
AJC 1909, AJC 1912, AJC
1925, AJC 1936, AJC 1949,
CH 6681, CH 6751
BSAMP679-09, BSAMP682-09,
BSAMP695-09, BSAMP706-09,
BSAMP719-09, BSAMP756-09,
BSAMP1090-09
KR863032, KR863042,
KR863029, KR863044,
KR863040, NA,
KR863034
KR863289, KR863299,
KR863285, KR863301,
KR863297, KR863287,
KR863291
Cana
CH 6361, CH 6365, CH 6377, CH
6380, CH 6383, CH 6392, CH
6394, CH 6354, CH 6367
CH 6361, CH 6365, CH 6377,
CH 6380, CH 6383, CH 6392,
CH 6394, AJC 1879, AJC
1885, CH 6354, CH 6367
BSAMP761-09, BSAMP765-09,
BSAMP777-09, BSAMP780-09,
BSAMP783-09, BSAMP792-09,
BSAMP794-09, BSAMP979-09,
BSAMP985-09, BSAMP1042-09,
BSAMP767-09
KR863039, KR863030,
KR863031, KR863033,
KR863038, KR863041,
KR863043, KR863035,
KR863036, KR863037,
JN991365
KR863296, KR863286,
KR863288, KR863290,
KR863295, KR863298,
KR863300, KR863292,
KR863293, KR863294,
JN991436
El Copé
NV, USNM 572343
KRL 1151, KRL 0801
BSAMP189-07, BSAMP063-07
FJ766776, FJ766772
FJ784473, FJ784375
Brewster
CH 6764, CH 6774
AJC 1757, AJC 1764, AJC
1769, CH 6764, CH 6774
BSAMP564-08, BSAMP571-08,
BSAMP576-08, BSAMP626-08,
BSAMP633-08
KR863049, KR863045,
KR863046, KR863048,
KR863047
KR863306, KR863302,
KR863303, KR863305,
KR863304
El Copé
USNM 572376, USNM 572377
KRL 0828, KRL 0832
BSAMP076-07, BSAMP080-07
FJ766786, FJ766785
FJ784387, FJ784391
Brewster
CH 6867, CH 6679
AJC 1767, CH 6867, AJC
1913, AJC 1943, AJC 1948,
AJC 1951, AJC 1954, AJC
1957, CH 6679, AJC 1983
BSAMP574-08, BSAMP1175-09,
BSAMP683-09, BSAMP713-09,
BSAMP718-09, BSAMP721-09,
BSAMP724-09, BSAMP727-09,
BSAMP754-09, BSAMP1120-09
KR863059, KR863058,
KR863051, KR863052,
KR863050, KR863053,
KR863054, KR863055,
KR863056, KR863057
KR863316, KR863315,
KR863308, KR863309,
KR863307, KR863310,
KR863311, KR863312,
KR863313, KR863314
El Copé
USNM 572361, NV, USNM
572362, USNM 572364, USNM
572365, USNM 572366, USNM
572367, USNM 572369, USNM
572788
KRL 1333, KRL 1407, KRL
1420, KRL 1455, KRL 1462,
KRL 1474, KRL 1528, KRL
1550, KRL 0811
BSAMP221-07, BSAMP239-07,
BSAMP244-07, BSAMP261-07,
BSAMP265-07, BSAMP268-07,
BSAMP297-07, BSAMP307-07,
BSAMP069-07
FJ766784, FJ766783,
FJ766782, FJ766783,
FJ766780, FJ766779,
FJ766778, FJ766777,
FJ766787
FJ784502, FJ784520,
FJ784525, FJ784531,
FJ784535, FJ784538,
FJ784548, FJ784557,
FJ784380
Brewster
CH 6747
AJC 1932, CH 6747
BSAMP702-09, BSAMP1087-09
KC129266, KC129262
KC129375, KC129374
El Copé
Brewster
Pristimantis
caryophyllaceus
Pristimantis
cerasinus
Pristimantis cruentus
Pristimantis
8
museosus
Cana
CH 6410, CH 6419, CH 6429, CH
6455
CH 6410, CH 6419, CH 6429,
CH 6455, AJC 1872, AJC
1890, AJC 1892, AJC 1894,
AJC 1898
BSAMP810-09, BSAMP814-09,
BSAMP823-09, BSAMP849-09,
BSAMP972-09, BSAMP990-09,
BSAMP992-09, BSAMP994-09,
BSAMP998-09
KC129244, KC129247,
KC129249, KC129241,
KC129245, KC129242,
KC129243, KC129248,
KC129250
KC129356, KC129359,
KC129361, KC129353,
KC129357, KC129354,
KC129355, KC129360,
KC129362
El Copé
USNM 572395, NV, USNM
572389
KRL 1554, KRL 0909, KRL
0699
BSAMP309-07, BSAMP133-07,
BSAMP024-07
FJ766793, FJ766795,
FJ766798
FJ784340, FJ784430,
FJ784559
Brewster
CH 6776
AJC 1766, AJC 1778, CH
6776, AJC 1901
BSAMP573-08, BSAMP585-08,
BSAMP635-08, BSAMP671-09
KR863061, KR863063,
KR863062, KR863060
KR863318, KR863320,
KR863319, KR863317
El Copé
USNM 572416, USNM 572417,
NV, USNM 572415
KRL 0829, KRL 0830, KRL
0845, KRL 0846
BSAMP077-07, BSAMP078-07,
BSAMP088-07, BSAMP089-07
FJ766808, FJ766807,
FJ766806, FJ766805
FJ784388, FJ784389,
FJ784398, FJ784399
KR863074, KR863073,
KR863072, KR863076,
KR863070, KR863068,
KR863071, KR863064,
KR863065, KR863066,
KR863069, KR863067
KR863331, KR863330,
KR863329, KR863333,
KR863327, KR863325,
KR863328, KR863321,
KR863322, KR863323,
KR863326, KR863324
Pristimantis ridens
Brewster
CH 6854, CH 6859, AJC 1782,
CH 6796
Pristimantis taeniatus
Cana
Rhaebo haematiticus
Sachatamia
albomaculata
BSAMP1164-09, BSAMP1169CH 6854, CH 6859, AJC 1782, 09, BSAMP589-08, BSAMP653CH 6796, AJC 1961, AJC
08, BSAMP731-09, BSAMP11141977, AJC 1993, AJC 1994,
09, BSAMP1130-09,
AJC 1995, AJC 1996, AJC
BSAMP1131-09, BSAMP11321997, AJC 2000
09, BSAMP1133-09,
BSAMP1134-09, BSAMP1137-09
AJC 1835, AJC 1683, AJC
1839
BSAMP935-09, BSAMP883-09,
BSAMP939-09
KR863075, JN991355,
JN991403
KR863332, JN991426,
JN991470
Brewster
CH 6823, CH 6853, CH 6857, CH
6858
AJC 1974, CH 6823, CH 6853,
CH 6857, CH 6858
BSAMP1111-09, BSAMP114209, BSAMP1163-09,
BSAMP1167-09, BSAMP1168-09
KR863079, KR863080,
KR863078, KR863084,
KR863082
KR863336, KR863337,
KR863335, KR863341,
KR863339
Cana
CH 6379, CH 6386, CH 6407, CH
6350
CH 6379, CH 6386, CH 6407,
AJC 1845, AJC 1847, AJC
1848, CH 6350
BSAMP779-09, BSAMP786-09,
BSAMP807-09, BSAMP945-09,
BSAMP947-09, BSAMP948-09,
BSAMP1038-09
KR863088, KR863083,
KR863087, KR863086,
KR863085, KR863077,
KR863081
KR863345, KR863340,
KR863344, KR863343,
KR863342, KR863334,
KR863338
El Copé
USNM 572096, USNM 572097,
USNM 572098, NV, USNM
572094, USNM 572095, NV
KRL 0965, KRL 1526, KRL
1555, toe120, KRL 0855, KRL
0903, KRL 0926
BSAMP155-07, BSAMP295-07,
BSAMP310-07, BSAMP355-07,
BSAMP094-07, BSAMP129-07,
BSAMP142-07
FJ766815, FJ766814 ,
FJ766813, FJ766812,
FJ766818, FJ766817,
FJ766816
FJ784452, FJ784546 ,
FJ784560, FJ784593,
FJ784404, FJ784426,
FJ784439
Brewster
CH 6758, CH 6765
AJC 1761, CH 6758, CH 6765,
AJC 1755
BSAMP568-08, BSAMP620-08,
BSAMP627-08, BSAMP855-09
KR863089, KR863090,
KR863091, KR863092
KR863346, KR863347,
KR863348, KR863349
9
El Copé
USNM 572142, USNM 572174,
USNM 572144, USNM 572151,
NV, USNM 572141
KRL 0957, KRL 1135, KRL
1158, KRL 1530, KRL 0834,
KRL 0929
BSAMP152-07, BSAMP184-07,
BSAMP190-07, BSAMP299-07,
BSAMP081-07, BSAMP144-07
FJ766597, FJ766596,
FJ766595, FJ766594,
FJ766599, FJ766598
FJ784449, FJ784468,
FJ784474, FJ784550,
FJ784392, FJ784441
Brewster
CH 6767, CH 6671, CH 6673, CH
6740, CH 6743, CH 6746, CH
6748
AJC 1763, CH 6767, AJC
1911, AJC 1947, AJC 1956,
CH 6671, CH 6673, CH 6740,
CH 6743, CH 6746, CH 6748
BSAMP570-08, BSAMP629-08,
BSAMP681-09, BSAMP717-09,
BSAMP726-09, BSAMP746-09,
BSAMP748-09, BSAMP1080-09,
BSAMP1083-09, BSAMP108609, BSAMP1088-09
KR863097, KR863098,
KR863103, KR863093,
KR863101, KR863100,
KR863099, KR863096,
KR863095, KR863094,
KR863102
KR863354, KR863355,
KR863360, KR863350,
KR863358, KR863357,
KR863356, KR863353,
KR863352, KR863351,
KR863359
El Copé
USNM 572181, USNM 572184,
USNM 572186, USNM 572187,
USNM 572189, USNM 572190,
NV, USNM 572176
KRL 1628, KRL 1701, KRL
1712, KRL 1714, KRL 1720,
KRL 1736, toe10, KRL 0854
BSAMP334-07, BSAMP340-07,
BSAMP342-07, BSAMP343-07,
BSAMP344-07, BSAMP348-07,
BSAMP353-07, BSAMP093-07
FJ766587, FJ766586,
FJ766585 , FJ766584,
FJ766583, FJ766582 ,
FJ766581, FJ766588
FJ78574, FJ784580, FJ784582,
FJ784583, FJ784584,
FJ784588 , FJ784591,
FJ784403
Brewster
CH 6650, CH 6652, CH 6788, CH
6795, CH 6798
CH 6650, CH 6652, CH 6788,
CH 6795, CH 6798
BSAMP610-08, BSAMP612-08,
BSAMP645-08, BSAMP652-08,
BSAMP655-08
KR863107, KR863104,
KR863108, KR863106,
KR863105
KR863364, KR863361,
KR863365, KR863363,
KR863362
El Copé
USNM 572532, USNM 572530,
USNM 572531
KRL 0958, KRL 0734, KRL
0847
BSAMP153-07, BSAMP037-07,
BSAMP090-07
FJ766820, FJ766820,
FJ766820
FJ784352, FJ784400,
FJ784450
Brewster
CH 6689, CH 6691, CH 6695
AJC 1962, CH 6689, CH 6691, BSAMP732-09, BSAMP1051-09,
CH 6695
BSAMP1052-09, BSAMP1056-09
KR863109, NA,
KR863110, KR863111
KR863366, KR863368,
KR863367, KR863369
Cana
CH 6369, CH 6370, CH 6404
CH 6369, CH 6370, CH 6404,
AJC 1870, AJC 1880, AJC
1881, AJC 1889
BSAMP769-09, BSAMP770-09,
BSAMP804-09, BSAMP970-09,
BSAMP980-09, BSAMP981-09,
BSAMP989-09
KF807033, KF807032,
KF807025, KF807030,
KF807031, KF807026,
KF807027
KF807072, KF807071,
KF807064, KF807069,
KF807070, KF807065,
KF807066
El Copé
NV, USNM 572594, USNM
572595, USNM 572596, USNM
572597, USNM 572598, USNM
572591, USNM 572592, NV,
USNM 572593, USNM 572590
KRL 0945, KRL 1095, KRL
1385, KRL 1457, KRL 1460,
KRL 1523, KRL 1560, KRL
1561, KRL 0822, KRL 0848,
KRL 0897
BSAMP149-07, BSAMP174-07,
BSAMP233-07, BSAMP262-07,
BSAMP264-07, BSAMP293-07,
BSAMP313-07, BSAMP314-07,
BSAMP072-07, BSAMP091-07,
BSAMP123-07
FJ766830, FJ766829,
FJ766829, FJ766827,
FJ766826, FJ766825,
FJ766824, FJ766823,
FJ766833, FJ766832,
FJ766831
FJ784446, FJ784465,
FJ784514, FJ784532,
FJ784532, FJ784544,
FJ784563, FJ784564,
FJ784383, FJ784401,
FJ784420
Brewster
CH 6677, CH 6818
AJC 1908, AJC 1914, AJC
1933, CH 6677, CH 6818
BSAMP678-09, BSAMP684-09,
BSAMP703-09, BSAMP752-09,
BSAMP1138-09
KC129282, KC129288,
KC129283, KC129285,
KC129280
KC129393, KC129404,
KC129394, KC129399,
KC129391
Cana
CH 6368
CH 6368, AJC 1876
BSAMP768-09, BSAMP976-09
KC129272, KC129270
KC129384, KC129381
El Copé
USNM 572427, USNM 572433,
USNM 572434
KRL 0962, KRL 1412, KRL
1562, KRL 0862
BSAMP154-07, BSAMP241-07,
BSAMP315-07, BSAMP101-07
FJ766634, FJ766633,
FJ766632, FJ766635
FJ784451, FJ784522,
FJ784565, FJ784410
Sachatamia ilex
Silverstoneia flotator
Silverstoneia
nubicola
Strabomantis
bufoniformis
10
Brewster
CH 6780
AJC 1770, CH 6780
BSAMP577-08, BSAMP638-08
KR863112, KR863113
KR863370, KR863371
El Copé
NV, USNM 572169, USNM
572170, NV
KRL 1170, KRL 0677, KRL
0729, KRL 0759
BSAMP195-07, BSAMP014-07,
BSAMP033-07, BSAMP047-07
FJ766605, FJ766608,
FJ766607, FJ766606
FJ784479, FJ784330,
FJ784348 , FJ784361
Teratohyla spinosa
17
11
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Online Table S3. Database of species trait values for 31 frog species. Table provides values for independent variables used in
general linear modeling to predict the dependent variable, average pairwise distances between populations (B) in Panama, for two
pairwise locality comparisons: Cana vs. Brewster and El Copé vs. Brewster. NA indicates that the geographic comparison was not
made for that species. Independent variables included the environmental resistance computed from ecological niche models (ENM)
under present environmental conditions and under two models of environmental conditions during the last glacial maximum (LGM):
CCSM and MIROC. Life history variables were obtained from the literature (references available in the main text), Elevation range
was computed from point elevation data, while geographic ranges were obtained from IUCN maps. The biogeographical origin was
coded as S for South and N for north and was obtained from the literature. See main text for further details. The R formatted database
used for analyses and the R code are available in the Dryad repository.
Species
B Cana
vs.
Brewster
B
Brewster
vs. El
Copé
Resistance
at present
(Cana vs.
Brewster)
Resistance
at present
(Brewster
vs. El
Copé)
Resistance
at LGM
(CCSM,
Cana vs.
Brewster)
Resistance
at LGM
(CCSM,
Brewster vs.
El Copé)
Resistance
at LGM
(MIROC,
Cana vs.
Brewster)
Resistance
at LGM
(MIROC,
Brewster vs.
El Copé)
Maximum
male SVL
(mm)
Reproductive
mode
Breeding
habitat
Elevation
range (m)
Geographic
range (km2)
Origin
Taxonomic
family
Atelopus spp.
0.05656
0.03068
22.085723
11.802333
9.379511154
5.094065979
59.19801498
31.38841353
36
indirect
Stream
504.52942
2420
S
Bufonidae
Cochranella
euknemos
0.005482
0.027109
20.90533
20.266359
82.8392711
15.16364181
45.52285875
20.38315489
25
indirect
Stream
414.58823
41648
S
Centrolenidae
Colostethus
panamansis
0.078616
0.035165
7.167422
7.332821
26.76257387
5.12191922
15.67446726
9.746613822
27
indirect
Stream
357.875
30896
S
Dendrobatidae
Colostethus pratti
0.056156
0.05753
6.438593
4.551798
3.355098651
1.905878298
5.16751413
5.054282641
24
indirect
Stream
465.16815
40888
S
Dendrobatidae
Craugastor
bransfordii
NA
0.041541
NA
25.89828
NA
5.820850477
NA
5.820850477
23
direct
Terrestrial
754.39844
64781
N
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
crassidigitus
NA
0.0401
NA
10.028373
NA
6.839832608
NA
46.45048415
31
direct
Terrestrial
270.73468
86910
N
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
fitzingeri
0.008628
0.00195
27.038826
8.109048
4.219160609
2.789788247
52.21863345
12.73676455
35
direct
Terrestrial
1262.12
283026
N
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
gollmeri
NA
0.05135
NA
63.780718
NA
49.71999372
NA
4.616118878
37
direct
Terrestrial
685.6
33174
N
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
opimus /
Craugastor
megacephalus
NA
0.025725
NA
8.258311
NA
4.449055589
NA
5.145196546
43
direct
Terrestrial
462.4035
186720
N
Craugastoridae
Craugastor
NA
0.091542
NA
12.853802
NA
6.071578562
NA
36.47086714
30
direct
Terrestrial
191.6923
51090
N
Craugastoridae
12
talamancae
Diasporus spp.
0.107831
0.152888
25.942323
4.901252
16.21644383
2.984839742
116.689797
13.51511975
NA
direct
Terrestrial
389.94168
183459
S
Eleutherodactyl
idae
Engystomops
pustulosus
0.032125
0.005987
5.640496
4.547343
4.283818887
2.803250509
2.947753312
2.719736944
34
indirect
Pond
326.7788
925196
S
Leiuperidae
Espadarana
prosoblepon
0.033181
0.032991
149.19286
2
13.288809
18.60904862
7.948552536
98.76882022
23.10591187
28
indirect
Stream
877.87274
315781
S
Centrolenidae
Gastrotheca
cornuta
NA
0.039361
NA
4.607085
NA
1.809217067
NA
4.183452279
81
direct
Terrestrial
484.36365
88942
S
Hemiphractidae
Hyalinobatrachiu
m colymbiphyllum
NA
0.031983
NA
8.379898
NA
2.481665797
NA
38.38404701
27
indirect
Stream
772.5641
127898
S
Centrolenidae
Hyalinobatrachiu
m fleischmanni
NA
0.004079
NA
5.964344
NA
2.7116957
NA
13.61579829
28
indirect
Stream
953.0455
428287
S
Centrolenidae
Hyloscirtus
colymba
0.106288
0.08388
903.01721
7
390.91437
57.19003735
42.47927261
1518.039692
320.061345
37
indirect
Stream
1363.875
16792
S
Hylidae
Lithobates
warszewitschii
NA
0.110035
NA
505.89125
9
NA
21.44774319
NA
40.31604327
52
indirect
Pond &
Stream
690.8961
162917
N
Ranidae
Pristimantis
caryophyllaceus
0.095096
0.032107
58.220369
10.679046
20.00720937
4.049236882
45.68462501
15.32645687
24
direct
Terrestrial
1058.34
53141
S
Strabomantidae
Pristimantis
cerasinus
NA
0.087065
NA
6.335185
NA
3.096639536
NA
5.558727268
25
direct
Terrestrial
419.27942
164681
S
Strabomantidae
Pristimantis
cruentus
NA
0.096729
NA
10.810212
NA
9.371715155
NA
8.853121743
28
direct
Terrestrial
986.82104
76410
S
Strabomantidae
Pristimantis
museosus /
Pristimantis aff.
museosus
0.052073
0.016623
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
40
direct
Terrestrial
NA
3440
S
Strabomantidae
Pristimantis
ridens
NA
0.101098
NA
5.749446
NA
3.141723001
NA
5.131654888
19
direct
Terrestrial
497.9343
248689
S
Strabomantidae
Pristimantis
taeniatus
0.111562
NA
5.644182
NA
2.752533124
NA
4.860218838
NA
NA
direct
Terrestrial
707.4138
102646
S
Strabomantidae
Rhaebo
haematiticus
0.007906
0.001438
7.632437
5.594892
2.619743118
2.170476779
8.213584426
6.789515304
62
indirect
Stream
389.61038
325973
S
Bufonidae
Sachatamia
albomaculata
NA
0.034835
NA
107.32450
6
NA
5.111682041
NA
15.29169279
29
indirect
Stream
507.3611
77225
S
Centrolenidae
Sachatamia ilex
NA
0.054848
NA
4.626189
NA
1.714031785
NA
4.498121859
29
indirect
Stream
610.4167
85392
S
Centrolenidae
Silverstoneia
flotator
NA
0.035768
NA
4.268893
NA
1.814306849
NA
6.429334731
16.5
indirect
Stream
237.9697
58988
S
Dendrobatidae
Silverstoneia
nubicola
0.055921
0.043942
11.378441
4.442672
2.168047411
1.633621401
44.24515832
11.8626986
20
indirect
Stream
448.46512
70588
S
Dendrobatidae
13
Strabomantis
bufoniformis
0.05721
0.074103
4.552061
3.311134
3.368202107
2.07190584
4.679535992
4.089825441
59
direct
Stream
498.36584
60147
S
Strabomantidae
Teratohyla
spinosa
NA
0.012971
NA
15.521191
NA
3.080237889
NA
29.90301077
20
indirect
Stream
292.48276
98116
S
Centrolenidae
29
14
Online Table S4. Divergence intervals and times estimated from the HABC
analysis. For each of 31 species of Panamanian frog, this table shows results from the
comparative phylogenetic analysis using approximate Bayesian computation to infer
number of divergence intervals, which frog species were in each temporal interval, and
absolute divergence times for each split among two geographic pairwise comparisons:
Cana vs. Brewster (four time intervals) and El Copé vs. Brewster (three time intervals).
Tau indicates in which interval each species fell, with 1 being the most recent time
interval, as suggested by Bayes Factor analyses. Details of analyses are given in
Methods section in main text. See Fig. 1 in main text for map of localities. NA
indicates species not involved in given pairwise comparison. Dates correspond to
estimates based on HABC results, with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. Mya =
millions of years ago.
Species
Tau in Cana
vs. Brewster
Tau in
Brewster vs.
El Copé
Time of
divergence Cana
Brewster (Mya)
Time of divergence
Brewster Cope
(Mya)
Atelopus spp.
3
2
1.71 (1.29 – 2.80)
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Cochranella euknemos
1
2
0.16 (0 – 0.31)
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Colostethus panamansis
4
2
3.18 (2.86 – 3.28)
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Colostethus pratti
3
3
1.71 (1.29 – 2.80)
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Craugastor bransfrodii
NA
2
NA
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Craugastor crassidigitus
NA
2
NA
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Craugastor fitzingeri
1
1
0.16 (0 – 0.31)
0.0016 (0 – 0.13)
Craugastor gollmeri
NA
3
NA
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Craugastor opimus / Craugastor megacephalus
NA
2
NA
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Craugastor talamancae
NA
3
NA
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Diasporus spp.
4
3
3.18 (2.86 – 3.28)
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Engystomops pustulosus
2
1
1.37 (0.52 – 1.94)
0.0016 (0 – 0.13)
Espadarana prosoblepon
2
2
1.37 (0.52 – 1.94)
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Gastrotheca cornuta
NA
2
NA
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum
NA
2
NA
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
NA
1
NA
0.0016 (0 – 0.13)
4
3
3.18 (2.86 – 3.28)
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
NA
3
NA
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Hylosciruts colymba
Lithobates warszewitschii
Pristimantis caryophyllaceus
4
2
3.18 (2.86 – 3.28)
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Pristimantis cerasinus
NA
3
NA
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Pristimantis cruentus
NA
3
NA
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Pristimantis museosus / P. aff. museosus
3
2
1.71 (1.29 – 2.80)
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
NA
3
NA
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Pristimantis taeniatus
4
NA
3.18 (2.86 – 3.28)
NA
Rhaebo haematiticus
Pristimantis ridens
1
1
0.16 (0 – 0.31)
0.0016 (0 – 0.13)
Sachatamia albomaculata
NA
2
NA
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Sachatamia ilex
NA
3
NA
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
Silverstoneia flotator
NA
2
NA
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Silverstoneia nubicola
3
2
1.71 (1.29 – 2.80)
1.07 (0.73 – 1.39)
Strabomantis bufoniformis
3
3
1.71 (1.29 – 2.80)
1.92 (1.79 – 1.95)
NA
1
NA
0.0016 (0 – 0.13)
Teratohyla spinosa
15
Online Figure S1. Evaluating performance of alternative niche models. Difference
in AUC and AIC scores between environmental niche models generated for 30 species
of frogs of Panama with 19 bioclimatic variables versus with 7 bioclimatic variables
selected to reduce autocorrelation among variables. Bar chart on the left shows
differences in AUC scores, where higher values indicate better performance for the 19variable model. The right bar chart shows difference in AIC scores, where lower values
indicate better performance of the 19-variable model.
16
Online Figure S2. Number of divergence intervals from the HABC analysis.
Results from the approximate Bayesian computation analyses described in the main text
to infer number of simultaneous divergence intervals for frog populations supported by
the dataset. Prior (light grey) and posterior (dark grey) probabilities for the number of
divergence time intervals ( in pairwise comparisons between localities: a) El Copé
versus Brewster, and b) Cana versus Brewster.
17
Online figure S3. Number of species at each divergence interval for the
comparison between El Copé and Brewster obtained from the HABC analysis.
Results from the approximate Bayesian computation analyses described in the main text
to infer number of species of frogs diverging simultaneously. Prior (light grey) and
posterior (dark grey) probabilities for the number of species diverging at each of three
divergence time intervals in the pairwise comparison between El Copé and Brewster.
18
Online Figure S4. . Number of species at each divergence interval for the
comparison between Cana and Brewster obtained from the HABC analysis.
Results from the approximate Bayesian computation analyses described in the main text
to infer number of species of frogs diverging simultaneously. Prior (light grey) and
posterior (dark grey) probabilities for the number of species diverging at each of four
divergence time intervals in the pairwise comparison between Cana and Brewster.
Online Figure S5. Ecological niche models constructed for 30 species of frogs.
ENM´s and localities used for construction for all 30 species of the study. Resistance
values for the present were computed using habitat suitability as the inverse of
resistance. For all the maps colder colors indicate less suitable habitat and hotter colors
indicate more suitable habitat. The points shown are the presence localities used to
construct each model.
19
20
21
22
1
23