1
NAME: ____________________________________
Second Test
Honors 227
29 October 2015
Using a pencil, please mark the answer on the Scantron card that is most correct. Each question is of equal value.
1.
Use the diagram below to answer the following question:
Path A
- Charge
Beam
Path B
Path C
+ Charge
Path D
An electron beam in this experiment will follow ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2.
In the figure below, which is a bright line visible spectrum of an atom of chlorine (Atomic No. 17), the spectrum is not
continuous because an electron’s transition from one orbit to another _______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
always involves electron pairs (Pauli’s Principle)
is not possible according to the wave-particle duality
involves latent heat
involves random ergs of energy in fuzzy electron fields
in quantum steps
Uranium-233, Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 in nuclear reactors function as ____________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
Path A
Path B
Path C
Path D
None of the above
fuel
control rods
moderators
fusion isotopes
None of the above
The physical study of the motion of subatomic negatively-charged particles that exist within atoms is called ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bundle orbital mechanics
Rutherford’s atomic mechanics
Fuzzy behavioral field mechanics
Einstein’s gravitational mechanics
Quantum mechanics
2
5.
Compared to the charge and mass of a proton, an electron has __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6.
Which of the following pH values is the most acid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
paired electrons
principal energy levels
valence electrons
atomic mass
atoms
The _________ bond is formed via the sharing of electrons and orbits between adjacent atoms.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
9.
4
10
2
7
12
Atoms of elements in one single column on the Periodic Table have similar chemical properties. This observation is most
closely accountable to the atoms having a similar number of _______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
the same charge and a smaller mass
the same charge and the same mass
an opposite charge and a smaller mass
an opposite charge and the same mass
none of the above
covalent
van der Waals
metallic
ionic
none of the above
For an atom of Lithium (Li; atomic number = 3), the number of valence electrons is ____ and the total number of all
electrons is ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1 and 2
2 and 3
2 and 4
1 and 3
None of the above
10. In class, we used M&M’s to illustrate the principle of a ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
metallic bonds
radioisotope’s decay particles
radioisotope’s half life
11. In the Periodic Table, the second column on the left is unique in that the valence state of the electrons is/has _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
always eight electrons
missing only 4 valence electrons
one electron
two electrons
variable as a function of covalent bonding
3
12. Which atom contains exactly 79 protons?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Gold (Au)
Bismuth (Bi)
Platinum (Pt)
Oxygen (O)
None of the above
13. Alpha radiation from radioactive decay is best described as consisting of ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
protons
electrons
neutrons
A and B
A and C
14. Of the following elements, which is the best conductor of electricity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
nitrogen (atomic number = 7)
neon (atomic number = 10)
sulfur (atomic number = 16)
silver (atomic number = 87)
15. An atom of which of the following elements has the greatest ability to attract electrons?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lithium (atomic number = 3)
sulfur (atomic number = 16)
nitrogen (atomic number = 7)
chlorine (atomic number = 17)
neon (atomic number = 10)
16. In the model of the water molecule, the distribution of the oxygen and two hydrogen atoms results in the molecule being
____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
electrically neutral
electrically positive
ambivalent
asymmetric
All of the above
17. In ionic bonding, the attraction between atoms is due to __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
electrical charges of ions
staticity of ions
electrostaticty of ions
crystalline dynamics
sharing of electrons and orbits
18. Of the following, which best describes the options for bonding between atoms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
share one or more electrons plus the orbits with another atom
accept one or more electrons
donate one or more electrons
share one or more electrons without sharing the associated orbits
all of the above
4
19. Which radioactive emissions have a negative charge?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
neutrons
gamma rays
alpha particles
beta particles
all have a negative charge
20. The mass of subatomic particles in atoms is best presented by which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
proton > neutron > electron
electron < proton < neutron
proton = neutron > electron
proton = neutron < electron
neutron > proton > electron
21. Which of the following paired terms represent the most fundamental building blocks of matter in the universe?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
quarks and gluons
atoms and molecules
quarks and leptons
planets and stars
energy and waves
22. Which of the following lists has the items listed correctly in order from the smallest to largest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Atom, quark, nucleus, neutron, molecule
Neutron, quark, nucleus, atom, molecule
Quark, neutron, nucleus, atom, molecule
Nucleus, quark, neutron, atom, molecule
Molecule, atom, nucleus, neutron, quark
23. Which of the following is a main working part of a synchrotron?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A nuclear fission reactor
A large ring of magnets
A nuclear fusion reactor
A flux capacitor
A temporal resistor
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Magnetic fields decrease the acceleration due to gravity.
Moving magnetic fields create matter.
Moving charged particles are not affected by magnetic fields.
Moving charged particles are affected by magnetic fields.
Charged particles are not affected by gravitational fields.
25. Which type of elementary particle exists inside the nucleus?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
antiparticle
hadron
lepton
electron
ion
5
26. For every particle in the universe, it is possible to produce an antiparticle. Which of the following is a characteristic of an
antiparticle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
An antiparticle has the same mass but opposite spin of the particle
An antiparticle has the same charge but opposite mass of the particle
An antiparticle has the same spin but opposite mass of the particle
An antiparticle has the same mass but opposite charge of the particle
There is no difference between a particle and its antiparticle
27. "PET" (as in PET scan) stands for positron emission tomography. Which of the following defines a positron?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a negatively charged proton
the antiparticle of an electron
a negatively charged electron
a negatively charged proton
the antiparticle of a proton
28. Which of the following elementary particles is made from quarks?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hadrons
leptons
electron
positron
neutrino
29. Quarks have been isolated and individually observed in the laboratory.
A.
B.
True
False
30. Which of the following fundamental forces is the strongest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
photon force
weak force
gravity
electromagnetic
strong force
31. Which of the following fundamental forces is the weakest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
photon force
strong force
weak force
gravity
electromagnetic
32. The attractive force holding particles together in the nucleus is called ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the weak force
the medium force
the electromagnetic force
the strong force
gravity
6
33. Telescopes are devices that __________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
only use mirrors
only use lenses
focus and concentrate electromagnetic radiation
only magnify light
require computers to utilize
34. The portion of the Sun that actually emits most of the light that we see is called the ________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
radiative zone
convective zone
chromosphere
core
photosphere
35. The solar wind is composed of ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
neutrinos
neutral gasses
lots of organic substances
air
charged particles including hydrogen and helium ions
36. Within what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is the Sun's peak energy output?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
radio waves
microwaves
visible light
ultraviolet light
gamma rays
37. What is the current source of energy in the Sun?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
fission of hydrogen
fusion of hydrogen
radioactive decay
fusion of helium
gravitational collapse
38. Before a true star forms, the source of energy of the gas cloud within which a star will form is which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
fission of hydrogen
fusion of hydrogen
radioactive decay
fusion of helium
gravitational contraction
39. It is estimated that the total lifetime of our Sun is about 12 billion years. Which of the following is closest to approximately
how far the Sun is through its life cycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10%
25%
50%
80%
90%
7
40. Large dust and gas clouds are commonly found throughout space. They are called ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
nebulae
supernovae
novae
galaxies
dwarfs
41. The fusion process in very large stars produces chemical elements in the core of a star up to and including which chemical
element?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
He
C
U
Pb
Fe
42. Triangulation (parallax) and Cepheid Variable stars are used as part of methods to measure ___________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
distances to stars
energy output of stars
lifetime of stars
composition of stars
43. An object that is so dense and massive that nothing, including light, can escape from its surface is called ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a black hole
a neutron star
a white dwarf
a red giant
a supergiant star
44. How many stars are there in a typical galaxy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
ten to a hundred
a few hundred to a thousand
millions to hundreds of billions
hundreds of billions to trillions
both C and D above, depending on the type of galaxy
45. Active galaxies, including quasars have vast amounts of energy pouring out into space from their central regions. What is the
source of energy for these active galaxies?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hydrogen fusion
black holes
heavy metal fission
gravitational collapse
This cannot be explained.
46. Hubble's Law states that ____________
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
galaxies are all moving at a constant velocity.
galaxies are all moving in random directions.
the further away a galaxy is, outside our Local Group, the faster it is moving away from us.
all other galaxies in the universe are moving away from our galaxy.
Both A and B above are true.
8
47. Hubble's Law is an indication of which characteristic of the universe?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The contraction of the universe
The universe is in equilibrium
The homogeneity of the universe
The expansion of the universe
None of the above
48. About what percentage of all the matter within the universe is considered to be dark matter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10 %
25 %
50 %
75 %
90 %
49. The most abundant chemical element in the entire solar system is ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Uranium
Iron
Helium
Hydrogen
Lithium
50. As a planetary system and its star forms, the temperature in the core of the nebula ____________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreases in time
increases in time
remains the same over time
cannot be determined
51. Light emitted by elements in distant galaxies (i.e., outside of our Local Group) is ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the same wavelength as the light emitted by atoms on Earth.
redshifted compared to the light emitted from atoms on Earth.
blueshifted compared to the light emitted from atoms on Earth.
not related to the light emitted by elements on Earth.
any of the above is possible.
52. Which of the following is the best scientific estimate of the age of the universe?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6,000 years
8,000 years
1 million years
1 billion years
14 billion years
53. Because of ______, H2O ionizes in solution to effect pH.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
metallic symmetry
ionic bonding
van der Waal forces
radial symmetry
hydrogen bonding
9
54. Which of the following groups represent the three major pieces of evidence in favor of the so-called Big Bang Theory of the
origin of the Universe?
1 – Cosmic microwave background radiation.
2 – Inflation.
3 – Recessional velocity of galaxies outside of our Local Group.
4 – Relative abundance of chemical elements over time.
5 – Galactic average temperature.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
1, 3 and 5
1, 3 and 4
3, 4 and 5
55. In the Bohr model of the atom, a quantum jump is ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
when an electron makes a giant leap
when a photon leaps from one electron to another electron during energy absorbing and emitting processes
when an electron moves from one allowed state to another without ever being in between states
when valence electrons lose their energy
56. A famous experiment discussed in class proved that electrons behave as both waves and particles. The experiment that
proved this behavior of electrons is called the ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
emergent property diaspora
Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
double-slit experiment
Einstein’s proof of quantum fluid mechanics
57. According to the quantum mechanics model of the atom, an orbit is a ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus
spiral path traveled by an electron toward the nucleus
geometric region of the most probable proton location
geometric region of the most probable electron location
None of the above
58. The mass of an electron in grams is about how much less than the mass of a proton?
0.0001 or 10-4
0.001or 10-3
0.01 or 10-2
0.1 or 10-1
1 or 100
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
59. The table below gives information about the nucleus of each of four atoms (A, B, C and D).
Atomic No.
A
B
C
D
Number of Protons
6
6
7
7
Number of Neutrons
6
7
7
8
How many different elements are represented by the nuclei in the table?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
10
60. The major operationally significant similarity between a nuclear reactor and a coal-fired generating plant is ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
the turbine must spin at a much higher rate
the way the generator turns is in a clockwise direction
the use of heated water/steam to turn a turbine
the energy source to generate the steam
61. Your exposure to radioactivity over your lifetime largely comes from _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
natural sources in the environment (e.g., soils, atmosphere)
medical processes
nuclear reactors
drinking alcohol
inhaling radon gas
62. An atom of Barium (Atomic No. 56) differs from an ion of barium in that the atom has a greater ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
number of electrons
number of isotopes
number of neutrons
atomic weight
63. On the Periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
atomic mass
valence electrons
electron mass number
oxidation potential
pH
64. In the model of an atom below, which of the following are accurately portrayed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus
Electrons are found in distinct orbits
Electrons are always found in circular orbits
A and B above
B and C above
65. The half-life of a radioactive element is ___.
A.
B.
C.
D.
the time it takes for 50% of the atoms in a sample to spontaneously decay
indicates that it is capable of reducing the life of an exposed human by 50%
describes 50% of the energy that is released when the atomic nucleus decays
is a measure of 50% the radioactivity that is emitted from each atomic nucleus that decays