Biology
Review Guide / Questions for Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA and RNA
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Format:
 Vocabulary (No definitions. You need to
understand terminology to answer the
questions)
 Multiple choice
 Completion and/or modified true/false
 Short answer
 Interpreting diagrams of mitosis, meiosis,
transcription, or protein synthesis
Vocabulary:
 Know the vocabulary words listed in your
textbook from Sect. 10.1, 10.2, 11.4, 12.1 –
12.4
Sections covered:
 10.1 Cell Growth
 10.2 Cell Division
 11.4 Meiosis
 12.1 DNA
 12.2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
 12.3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
 12.4 Mutations
** Expect to explain or interpret diagrams of mitosis,
meiosis, DNA replication, transcription, or protein
synthesis.
Things you should know: A heavier emphasis will be placed on mitosis, meiosis, DNA replication,
transcription, and protein synthesis.
Chapter 10:
1. What is responsible for moving chromosomes during mitosis?
2. In what phase does a cell spend most of its life?
3. What does each phase of mitosis look like?
4. What happens during each of the phases?
5. What are the four phases of mitosis (from first to last)?
6. What are chromatids? How do they differ from chromosomes?
7. What are chromosomes made of? Where are they found?
8. What is a centromere?
9. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
10. What are centrioles? What types of cells have them?
11. What is cytokinesis? How is it different in plants and animal cells?
12. How is a cell’s potential growth affected by its ratio of surface area to volume?
13. Place the following in the correct order and
label each phase.
Chapter 11:
12. How many divisions occur in meiosis? Is this the same as mitosis? Explain.
13. Understand the difference between haploid (N) and dipoid (2N).
14. How many daughter cells can be produced by meiosis? Is this the same as mitosis? Explain.
15. In humans, how many chromosomes are in the original cells that undergoes meiosis? Are they single
or double stranded?
16. After one division, how many chromosomes are in the cells? Are they single or double stranded?
17. After the second division, how many chromosomes are in the cells? Are they double or single
stranded?
18. Compare the phases of meiosis I with meiosis II, especially where there are important differences.
Comparing Mitosis & Meiosis
19. Complete the following table comparing mitosis & meiosis.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Number of Divisions
Number of Daughter Cells
Genetically Identical
Chromosome Number
Where Occurs
Role
Phases of Meiosis
Name of Phase
Description
1.
Homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrad
2.
Spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides
3.
Nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter cells formed
4.
Chromosomes line up along equator, not in homologous pairs
5.
Crossing-over occurs
6.
Chromatids separate
7.
Homologs line up alone equator
8.
Cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed
Chapter 12:
1. Know the structure of DNA, be able to label a
diagram
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Deoxyribose
Phosphate
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Hydrogen Bonds
Double Helix
Nucleotides
2. Who established the structure of DNA?
3. Understand the process of replication. Why is it called semi-conservative?
4. What makes up a nucleotide?
5. What is a gene?
6. What is the base-pair rule?
7. What does RNA look like? How does it differ from DNA?
8. What is the relationship between genes, proteins, DNA and traits?
9. Describe transcription & translation
10. Be able to use a codon chart to determine amino acid chains.
11. Describe chromosome mutations (deletion, duplication, translocation, inversion)
12. Explain the process of DNA replication. When DNA forms how do the new molecules relate to the
original molecule?
13. Describe the relationship between DNA, chromatin, histones, and nucleosomes
14. What is the difference between introns and exons?
15. What is a codon? What is an anticodon?
16. Explain the process of transcription from DNA to mRNA.
17. Explain the process of translation (protein synthesis) at the ribosome.
Practice Multiple Choice:
1. As a cell becomes larger, its
a. Volume increases faster than its surface
area
b. Surface area increases faster than its
volume
c. Volume increases, but its surface area
stays the same
d. Surface area stays the same, but its
volume increases
2. All of the following are problems that growth
causes for cells EXCEPT
a. DNA overload
c. obtaining enough
food
b. Excess oxygen
d. expelling wastes
3. Which of the following represents the phases of
mitosis in their proper order?
a. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
b. Interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase
c. Interphase, prophase, metaphase,
telophase
d. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, cytokinesis
4. What is the role of the spindle durig mitosis?
a. It helps separate the chromosomes
b. It breaks down the nuclear membrane
c. It duplicates the DNA
d. It divides the cell in half
5. Crossing over rarely occurs in mitosis, unlike
meiosis. Which of the following is the likely
reason?
a. Chromatids are not involved in mitosis
b. Tetrads rarely form during mitosis
c. A cell undergoing mitosis does not have
homologous chromosomes
d. There is no prophase during mitosis
6. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation
of
a. Diploid cells
c. 2N daughter cells
b. Haploid cells
d. body cells
7. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in
DNA?
a. Ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b. Ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c. Deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d. Deoxyribose + phosphate group +
cytosine
8. DNA is copied during a process called
a. Replication
c. transcription
b. Translation
d. transformation
9. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in
protein synthesis?
a. Transfer RNA only
b. Messenger RNA only
c. Ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d. Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and
transfer RNA
10. What is produced during transcription?
a. RNA molecules
c. RNA polymerase
b. DNA molecules
d. proteins
11. What happens during the process of translation?
a. Messenger RNA is made from DNA
b. The cell uses information from
messenger RNA to produce proteins
c. Transfer RNA is made from messenger
RNA
d. Copies of DNA molecules are made
.
12. Which of the following is not a gene mutation?
a. Inversion
c. deletion
b. Insertion
d. point mutation
Practice Short Answer: (see above “what should you know”)