Inside Earth (pp. 88 – 91)
Section 3.1
Definitions
Volcano
A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
Magma
The molten mixture of rock-forming
Lava
Liquid magma that reaches the surface and also the rock formed when liquid lava hardens
Ring of Fire
A major belt of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean
Hot Spot
An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it
Inside Earth (pp. 88 – 91)
Section 3.1
Fill in the Blank
1. In the world, most volcanoes can be found along the ____boundaries of tectonic plates __.
2. Island volcanoes form where ___oceanic_ plates are ____colliding_____.
Draw the ring of fire on the map (page 89 – only the part around the Pacific Ocean)
Short Answer: Using complete sentences describe how a hot spot volcano forms.
Magma deep inside the mantle melts through a spot in the earth’s crust, like a blow torch. The
magma rises out of the spot, cools and hardens. The layers of lava build up, gradually forming a
volcano.
Inside Earth (pp. 93 – 102)
Section 3.2
Definitions
Magma chamber
A chamber beneath a volcano where magma collects
Pipe
A long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to the earth’s surface
Lava flow
The area covered by lava that pours out of a volcano’s vent
Crater
A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano’s central opening
Vent
The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
Pyroclastic flow
The expulsion of ash, cinders, bmbs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption
Hot spring
A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated by a
nearby body of magma
Geothermal Energy
Energy from water or steam that has been heated by magma
Inside Earth (pp. 93 – 102)
Section 3.2
Label the diagram with the following words:
Ash cloud, volcanic bomb, side vent, crater, magma chamber, pipe, lava, earth’s crust
Ash Cloud
Crater
Side Vent -------
volcanic
----bomb
-------- lava
--------------------------------------------------- pipe
Earth’s
Crust
Magma
Chamber
Matching – for each description write “quiet” or “explosive”
____Explosive_______ 1. Magma is thick and sticky _____Quiet____________ 6. Hawaii
____Quiet____________ 2. Lava is thin and runny
____Explosive_______ 7. Mt. St. Helens
____Quiet____________ 3. Aa and Pahoehoe Lava
_____Explosive_______ 8. Volcanic Bombs
____Quiet____________ 4. Gas bubbles out gently
____Explosive_______ 9. Pyroclastic Flow
____Explosive_______ 5. Trapped gases explode
____Explosive_______ 10. Mt. Vesuvius
Inside Earth (pp. 93 – 102)
Section 3.2
What kind of lava would each of these have? Thick & sticky or Thin & Runny?
Thick &
Sticky
Thin &
Runny
Thin &
Runny
Thick &
Sticky
Name and describe the three stages of a volcano. If you need more room, use another piece of
paper or the back page.
1. Active - a “live” volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the near future
2. Dormant – a “sleeping” volcano that has not erupted in a while and shows no signs of erupting
in the near future
3. Extinct – a “dead” volcano that is unlikely to ever erupt again
CHALLENGE – What is this? ---------------------------------
A volcanic bomb
Inside Earth (pp. 103 – 107)
Section 3.3
Definitions
Caldera
The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano’s magma chamber
collapses
Lava Plateau
A high level area formed by lava eruptions
Volcanic Neck
A deposit of hardened magma inside the volcanoe’s pipe.
Batholith
A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust
Dome Mountain
When rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock it forms a dome mountain instead of a
volcano
Dike
A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers
Sill
A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock.
Inside Earth (pp. 103 – 107)
Section 3.3
These pictures show the remains of volcanoes. What were they? Label each picture with one of
the following words: Neck, Dike, Sill, Volcanic Bomb
Sill
volcanic bomb
Volcanic bomb
Neck
sill
neck
dike
dike
sill
Inside Earth (pp. 103 – 107)
Section 3.3
Matching
Match each type of volcano with its description
____A______ 1. Thin layers of lava
A. Shield Volcano
____B______ 2. Steep cone shape
B. Cinder Cone Volcano
____B______ 3. Paricutin
C. Composite Volcano
____A______ 4. Wide, gentle slope
____C______ 5. Alternative layers of lava and ash
____A______ 6. Shaped like a piece of armor
____C______ 7. Thick and stiff lava
____C______ 8. Lava flow mixed with explosive eruptions
____A______ 9. Hawaii
____C______ 10. Mt. Fuji
Name a landform created out of lava and ash that is not a volcano.
Lava plateau
List five landforms that are created when magma hardens inside the earth.
Neck, dike, sill, batholith, and dome mountain
Inside Earth (pp. 103 – 107)
Section 3.3
Label each photo with the type of volcano (composite, cinder cone, or shield)
Cinder cone
shield
Shield
composite
Composite
cinder cone
Inside Earth (pp. 110 – 112)
Section 3.4
What is the largest volcano in the solar system? Where is it located?
Olympus Mons on Mars
Triton and Io are the two places in the solar system (other than earth) where man
has observed volcanoes in the process of erupting. What are Triton and Io?
Io is a moon of Jupiter and Triton is a moon of Neptune
How are the volcanoes on Triton and Io different from those on earth?
On Io, volcanoes shoot sulfur and on Triton, volcanoes erupt liquid Nitrogen.