The Use of EMI in History teaching for S3
Topic:
Causes of World War I
Learning objectives:
Subject content
Language skills (Reading and Writing)
1. Underlying causes of WWI
2. Immediate cause of WWI
3. Outbreak of WWI
1. Vocabulary building in history
context
2. Writing from a sentence to a short
paragraph and then an essay
3. Active and passive voice
4. Signal words of purpose, cause and
effect and sequence signal words
1
Task 1:
Identify the underlying causes of WWI
Read the passage and do the exercises that follow.
World War One occurred due to many causes. The causes could be classified into
the underlying and immediate causes.
The underlying causes were: imperialism, militarism, nationalism and alliance
system.
Imperialism
Africa and parts of Asia were points of contention among the European countries.
They wanted to get more land and raw materials. The increasing competition and
desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation and this kind of
colonial rivalry helped push the world into World War I.
Militarism
As the world entered the 20th century, an armament race had begun. Britain and
Germany were against one another. The German Kaiser ordered the production of
new Dreadnought-class battleships. This created more tension between the two
nations and helped push the countries involved to war.
Extreme Nationalism
In the late 19th century, extreme nationalism was popular among European
countries. Different races strived for national glory. It resulted in conflicts when
there was a clash of different nationalist movements.
Alliance System
Within Europe, a system of military alliances was established to provide European
powers with a sense of security. Two rival alliances were formed. They were the
Triple Alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy and the Triple
Entente consisting of Britain, France and Russia. As a result of Germany’s build-up
in naval resources, Great Britain was forced to abandon its isolation policy.
Immediate cause
The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28th
June 1914. The assassination occurred during the Archduke's visit to Sarajevo, the
capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The German Kaiser, Wilhelm II, provided support through a telegram to Emperor
Franz Joseph II. This telegram is known today as the "Blank Cheque." It was this
reassurance that prompted Austria to declare war on Serbia, which set off a chain
reaction of conflicts. Germany was also held responsible for causing the outbreak
of WWI because of this. A harsh ultimatum was issued to Serbia. Austria-Hungary
gave Serbia 48 hours to reply. Serbia agreed to all terms of the ultimatum but one.
Outbreak of the War
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia.
Germany, seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn
in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through
Belgium pulling Britain into war.
2
A
Match the vocabulary in Column A with the meaning in Column B
Column A
answers
Column B
Alliance
C
A. friendly understanding
Armament
G
B. cruel, rough
Assassination
L
C. state of being joined
Colonial rivalry
O
D. being accountable for one’s actions
or decisions
Declare
H
E. direct reason
Entente
A
F. group of people with a common
culture, language, history
Harsh
B
G. weapons
Immediate cause
E
H. make known clearly
Imperialism
K
I. devotion and loyalty to one’s own
nation
Isolation
N
J. become ready for service or action
Militarism
P
K. the policy of extending power and
influence of a country/empire in the
world
Mobilize
J
L. killing of an important or famous
person for money or political
reasons
Nationalism
I
M. background of an event
Race
F
N. keeping somebody or something
from other people or things
Responsible
D
O. the competition in getting more
land
Ultimatum
Q
P. believing in or depending on
military strength and methods
Underlying causes
M
Q. final demands to be accepted
without discussion
3
B.
Crossword puzzle (using the vocabulary in the above passage)
Read the instructions below and complete the puzzle.
Across
3
Sarajevo Assassination was the _____ cause of WWI.
4
Archduke Ferdinand was killed in this _____.
5
Usually, if a country wants to have war with another country, she has to
_____ war on that country first.
6
After the Sarajevo Assassination, Austria-Hungary sent an _____ to
Serbia.
9
A word used to describe someone who is unkind.
10
11
In 1904, Britain and France had an agreement in the form of an _____.
Under the influence of _____, European countries looked for overseas
colonies.
14
The Triple _____ was a kind of union between members.
Down
1
_____ was one of the causes of WWI. Peoples wanted to have their own
country or to govern themselves.
2
Britain was a _____ empire with a lot of colonies all over the world.
7
To understand the causes of WWI, we have to look into the _____ and
8
12
13
immediate causes.
_____ encouraged a country to build up arms.
To support their allies, the European countries _____ their military force
after the Sarajevo Assassination.
Bismarck started the Alliance system because he wanted to keep France
in _____.
4
ANSWERS
13
I
S
O
1
L
N
A
14
T
3
I
A
2
L
L
I
A
N
T
M M
E
D
I
O
A
T
E
L
O
O
12
N
N
N
M
A
S
S
A
S
S
L
6
A
11
U
D
5
S
7
L
T
I
M
I
N
A
T
A
I
H
E
O
4
9
C
A
T
E
C
L
I
O
B
A
R
E
I
8
L
U M
I
N
I
Z
D
L
E
E
I
D
R
S
H
10
E
N
T
L
A
Y
R
I
M
P
E
R
I
A
L
I
N
S
G
M
5
E
N
S
M
T
E
N
C.
Mind map showing the underlying causes of WWI
Complete the mind map by using the information from the passage and
reference book.
Suggested answers
6
Task 2: Show how nationalism led to conflicts among the powers
Europe after 1870
Fill in the name of the country with the information provided.
Country
Description
Britain




A strong industrial power
A strong navy
In keen competition with Germany in naval build-up
Trying to end her isolation
Germany



Defeating France in the Franco-Prussian War
Being afraid of French revenge after 1871
Having conflict with Britain and France
France


Being defeated in 1871 by Germany
Looking for allies in Europe in order to take revenge on Germany
Italy


Expanding overseas especially in Africa
Having conflict with France in North Africa

Seeking allies
AustriaHungary




A multi-racial empire
Looking for expansion in the Balkans
In conflict with Serbia because of her expansion
Facing national minority problem
Balkan
states


Being ruled by the Ottoman Empire
Having conflicts with one another because of racial and religious
differences

Attracting the interests of European powers



Looking for warm water port
Supporting Pan-Slav movement
Looking for expansion in the Balkans
Russia
7
Write a topic sentence for the information in this table.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
e.g. Nationalism was one of the underlying causes of WWI because each country
looked for their own interests.
8
Language focus:
A.
Use of active/passive voice
Complete the sentence in column A with the correct choice from Column B.
Column A
Column B
a. tried
1.
Britain _____ to end her isolation
2.
France _____ by
Franco-Prussian War
3.
Italy _____ overseas especially in Africa.
4.
Austria-Hungary _____ for expansion in the a. looked
Balkans.
b. was looked
5.
The Balkan states _____ by the Ottoman a. ruled
Empire.
b. was ruled
6.
Russia _____ the Pan-Slav Movement.
7.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand _____ in Sarajevo.
8.
Two rival alliances _____ before WWI.
9.
WWI _____ in 1914.
10.
The Triple Entente _____ of Britain, France a. made up
and Russia.
b. was made up
Germany
b. was tried
in
the a. defeated
b. was defeated
a. expanded
b. was expanded
a. supported
b. was supported
a. assassinated
b. was assassinated
a. formed
b. were formed
a. broke out
b. was broke out
Write two sentences, one using active voice and the other using passive voice,
on one of the causes of the First World War.
e.g. Bismarck started the Alliance System. (Active Voice)
OR
The Alliance System was started by Bismarck. (Passive Voice)
The Alliance System was one of the causes of the First World War.
(Topic Sentence)
a. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
9
B.
Use of signal words of purpose (in order to/to/so that)
Re-arrange the following words into a complete sentence.
1. the colonies / European countries / fought / in order to control / among
themselves
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. with one another / themselves / European countries / allied / in order to
protect
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. resources / European countries / to get / raced / land and
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. Austria / to fight against / Serbia / Russia / supported
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5. strengthened / so that / protect themselves / European countries / they
could / their military force
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
6. Germany / she could / looked for ally / take revenge on / France / so that
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
7. The Balkan states / the Ottoman Empire / rule themselves / break away
from / so that / tried to / they could
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
8. the Alliance System / isolate France / started / Germany / so that / she
could
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Write two sentences, one using ‘in order to / to’ and the other using ‘so that’,
on one of the causes of the First World War. (With reference to P.7)
e.g. Russia expanded in the Balkans in order to look for warm water port.
Nationalism was one of the causes of the First World War.
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
10
Task 3: Show how alliance system led to conflicts among the powers
A. Map work
Use colour to show the opposing European countries at the outbreak of World
War I. Write down the names of the countries.
Suggested answer
11
Write short sentences for each treaty signed to show how the 2 opposing camps
were formed.
Instructions:
You may use active / passive voice and the signal words of purpose to write the
sentences.
1879
Dual Alliance
1894
Franco-Russian Alliance
1882
Triple Alliance
1904
Entente Cordiale
The formation of Two
Armed Camps
1907
Anglo-Russian Entente
1907
Triple Entente
1. In 1879, Austria-Hungary and Germany made an alliance to protect
themselves from Russia.
2. In 1882, Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Italy to
stop Italy from taking sides with Russia.
3. In 1894, Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against
Germany and Austria-Hungary.
4. In 1904, France and Britain signed the Entente Cordiale between them.
5. In 1907, the Anglo-Russian Entente was signed between Britain and
Russia.
6. In 1907, the Triple Entente was signed between Russia, France and
Britain to counter the German threat.
12
B. Cartoon (A chain of friendship)
Write short sentences to show how the allies supported each other, using the
information from this cartoon, the table below and the above exercise.
Source: The cartoon 'A chain of friendship', published in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 1914.
Complete the table below
What did the powers do on the eve of the First World War?
Countries
The First World War
Germany
Hint:
1879 - Germany and Austria-Hungary;
(What did Germany do after the Sarajevo Assassination?)
Austria
Hint:
(What did Austria do after the Sarajevo Assassination?)
Russia
Hint:
(Russia being the leader of Slav race)
France
Hint:
1894 - Russia and France
Britain
Hint:
1907
Reaction to Germany in 1914
13
Suggested answers
Countries
The First World War
Germany
Unlimited support to Austria; declared war on Russia;
attacked France through Belgium
Austria
Declared war on Serbia
Russia
Mobilized army to help Serbia
France
Mobilized army to support Russia
Britain
Joined the war to support its allies
Short writing exercise on the impact of Alliance System
Use the signal words ‘to / in order to’ and ‘so that’ to complete the exercise
e.g. Russia mobilized her army to help Serbia.
1. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
14
Task 4: Show how colonial rivalry led to conflicts among the powers
Below is a table showing the conflicts among the powers before WWI.
Britain
Britain
France
Egypt, Sudan
France
Germany
Italy
East Africa
Morocco
Germany
Italy
Russia
The situation of Africa before 1914
15
Russia
Persia, Afghanistan
Tunisia
Write short sentences about their struggle for colonies. Use the information
provided in the table and map above. (cause and effect)
e.g. Britain and Germany had interests in East Africa, so/as a result they had conflict
over the areas in East Africa.
1. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Suggested answers
France and Italy had interests in North Africa, so / as a result they had conflict
over Tunisia.
France and Germany had interests in North Africa, so / as a result they had
conflict over Morocco.
Britain and France had interests in North Africa, so / as a result they had conflict
over Egypt and Sudan.
Britain and Russia had interests in in Middle East and Far East, so / as a result
they had conflict over Persia and Afghanistan.
France and Germany had conflict in Morocco so / as a result it led to Moroccan
Crisis.
France and Germany nearly came to a war in order to / to control Morocco.
16
Task 5: Show how militarism led to conflicts among the powers
Study the Sources A and B below and find out how militarism led to conflicts among
the powers.
Source A
A British cartoon published in the early 20th century, entitled “The Marine Painters of
England and Germany”.
* Uncle Edward: King Edward VII of England
* William: Kaiser William (Wilhelm) II of Germany
Source B
Armaments race
In the early 20th century, most powers thought military action was the best way to
safeguard national interests. The amount of army and navy showed how strong a
country was. The powers increased their military expenditure. This intensified
the armaments race.
Britain and Germany built dreadnoughts to make
themselves even stronger.
The armaments race did not give the powers a stronger sense of security. It made
the international situation tenser and increased the possibility of the outbreak of
war.
17
1.
According to Source A, what did William want to do?
___________________________________________________________
2.
___________________________________________________________
According to Source A, what was Uncle Edward’s reaction? (Quote from the
source and then rewrite in your own words)
___________________________________________________________
3.
___________________________________________________________
Identify the underlying cause of WWI. Explain your answer with reference
to the 2 Sources.
___________________________________________________________
4.
___________________________________________________________
How did the underlying cause you identified in question 3 lead to the
outbreak of the First World War? Explain your answer with reference to
Sources A and B?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Suggested Answers
1. According to Source A, what did William want to do?
William wanted to build Dreadnought
2. According to the Source A, what was Uncle Edward’s reaction? (Quote from
the source and then rewrite in your own words)
Uncle Edward said, “Your little marine masterpiece is too ambitious; keep it
as a study.” Edward VII was unhappy with William’s plan for this would
challenge England’s naval supremacy.
3. Identify the underlying cause of WWI. Explain your answer with reference
to the 2 Sources.
The 2 Sources showed how militarism led to conflicts among the powers.
Source A showed that Germany wanted to challenge England’s naval
supremacy by building the dreadnoughts. Source B showed the results of
armaments race.
4. How did the underlying cause you identified in question 3 lead to the
outbreak of the First World War? Explain your answer with reference to
Sources A and B?
The building of dreadnoughts by Germany intensified the armaments race as
shown in Source A. Source B explained that the armaments race did not
give the powers a stronger sense of security. It made the international
situation tenser and increased the possibility of the outbreak of war.
18
Task 6: Write a short paragraph about any ONE of the underlying causes
1. Complete the table below
2. Use the information in the table to help you write a short paragraph about any
one of the underlying causes. (Remember to start with a topic sentence.)
(cause and effect)
e.g. Extreme nationalism was one of the underlying causes of WWI because
the powers wanted to increase their glory by expansion. As a result,
there was war when they had conflicts.
Underlying
causes
Meaning
Effects
Extreme
Nationalism
The
Great
Powers It resulted in conflicts when
increased their national there was a clash of
glory by expansion.
nationalism.
Militarism
The
Great
Powers It increased tension.
increased their size of their They were less willing to
armed force.
settle their conflicts by
peaceful means.
Imperialism
The Great Powers tried to It increased tension among
gain colonies to build up them.
their empires.
Alliance System
Two armed camps were It turned a local war into a
formed. They were the general war.
Triple Alliance and Triple
Entente.
19
Task 7: Write a short paragraph about the outbreak of WWI.
How do we write an essay?
1.
Start with writing a single paragraph
Short writing exercise: Write a paragraph describing WWI.
Look at the information in the previous exercises and textbook to find answers
to the 5 questions below. Make notes of the answers to the questions. Then
write out the answers in a simple paragraph. Add other information to the
paragraph if necessary.
A. When did the First World War start?
B. Which two alliances went to war?
C. What incident caused the war to start?
D. What happened in the incident?
E.
How long did the war last?
A.
The First World War started in 1914.
B.
The two alliances – the Triple Alliance (Austria, Italy and Germany) and the
Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) joined the war.
C.
The War was caused by the Sarajevo Assassination.
D.
The incident happened in Sarajevo when Ferdinand, the heir to Austrian
throne, was assassinated.
E.
The War was fought for 4 years.
Suggested answer
The First World War started in 1914. The two alliances – the Triple Alliance
(Austria, Italy and Germany) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia)
joined the war. The War was caused by the Sarajevo Assassination. The
incident happened in Sarajevo when Ferdinand, the heir to Austrian throne, was
assassinated. Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia but it was refused by Serbia.
Since Austria got help from Germany whereas Serbia gained support from
Russia, this soon became a world war. The First World War was fought for 4
years.
2.
Give tips on writing an essay
A.
Plan your essay beforehand.
B.
Break down the essay into different paragraphs.
C.
Use short paragraphs.
D.
Remember to have only one central idea for each paragraph.
20
3.
E.
Use topic sentences, connectives and signal words to help organize your
essay.
F.
Give a concluding sentence at the end of each paragraph.
Use a template to help students organize and write their answer for an essay
(Use sequence signal words to help organize essay)
Introduction
Content/Body

Opinion – first measure/reason/factor/perspective (First/Firstly)

Reasoning/explanation

Examples/evidence (if any)

Limitations/conclusion
Content/Body

Opinion – second measure/reason/factor/perspective
(Second/Secondly)

Reasoning/explanation

Examples/evidence (if any)

Limitations/conclusion
Content/Body

Opinion – third measure/reason/factor/perspective (Third/Thirdly)

Reasoning/explanation

Examples/evidence (if any)

Limitations/conclusion
Conclusion
4.
Give the students a question to practise
What were the underlying causes of the First World War?
Sarajevo Assassination turn a local conflict into a general war?
Use the tips learned before to help them write this essay.
21
How did the
A.
B.
Plan your essay before hand.

Read the question carefully.

Find the question word of the question. (What/How)

The students should be able to tell that the answer can be divided
into TWO parts.
Break down the essay into different paragraphs.
(1) Preparation for ‘what were the underlying causes’.
Use the completed exercise in task 6
(2) Preparation for ‘how did the Sarajevo Assassination turn a local
conflict into a general war’.
Use the completed exercise in task 3B
C.
Use short paragraphs
e.g. Task 6: Write a paragraph on one of the underlying causes.
Extreme Nationalism made the Great Powers eager to increase their
national glory by expansion. It resulted in conflicts when there was
a clash of nationalism.
Task 3B: Write a paragraph on ‘how a local conflict turned into a
general war’.
In 1914, the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a
Serbian during his visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. With
unlimited support of Germany, Austria declared war on Serbia. When
Russia mobilized its army to support Serbia and France mobilized to
support Russia, Germany declared war on them and attacked France
through Belgium. Britain then joined the war to help Belgium and its
allies. The First World War broke out.
D.
Remember to have only one central idea for each paragraph.
What is the central idea of each of the following paragraphs.
1.
World War I was a military conflict lasting from 1914 to 1918 which
involved nearly all the biggest powers of the world.
2.
It involved 2 opposing alliances – the Allies and the Central Powers.
The countries of the Allies included Russia, Britain, France….. The
countries of the Central Powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary,
22
Turkey and Bulgaria.
3.
World War I was triggered on 28 June 1914 by the Sarajevo
Assassination. The Assassination was planned by a Serbian terrorist
group, the Black Hand.
4.
The War had many causes. A tangle of alliances was made between
countries, to maintain a balance of power in Europe, which brought
about the scale of conflict. The Bosnian Crisis angered Serbia.
Countries were building their forces, arms and battleships.
Countries wanted to regain lost territories from previous conflicts and
build empires.
http://www.kidskonnect.com/subjectindex/16-educational/history/287-world-war-i.html
5.
Tips for teachers
A.
The short writing exercises can be done separately before teaching them
how to write an essay.
B.
After teaching them the above, the students can be asked to complete
writing an essay.
23
Appendix
1.
Vocabulary list
A. Places (Noun) - country
Britain
Brit．ain
France
France
Germany
Russia
Rus．sia
Italy
I．ta．ly Serbia
Austria - Hungary
Aus．tri．a - Hun．ga．ry
Ger．many
Ser．bi．a
B. Places (Noun)
Mediterranean
Cen．tral
Sea 地中海
Med．i．ter．ra． Central Europe
ne．an
中歐
Bosnia and
Bos．ni．a
Ot．to．man
Herzegovina
Her．ze．go．vi． Empire
na
鄂圖曼帝國
Em．pire
Alsace – Lorraine
Al．sace
Asia
A．sia
阿爾薩斯．洛林
- Lor．raine
Balkan
Bal．kan
Africa
Af．ri．ca
Peninsula
Pen．in．su．la
波斯尼亞
及
Ottoman
Eu．rope
黑塞哥維娜
巴爾幹半島
C. People from different countries (Noun)
Russians
Rus．sians
French
French
Italians
I．tali．ans
Germans
Ger．mans
Serbians
Ser．bi．ans
Asians
A．si．ans
British
Bri．tish
Africans
Af．ri．cans
Austro –
Aus．tro –
Balkan
Bal．kan
Hungarians
Hun．ga．ri．ans people
peo．ple
24
D. Causes of WWI
Imperialism
Im．pe．rial．ism militarism
mi．li．tar．ism
Alliance
Al．li．ance
Extreme
Ex．treme
System
Sys．tem
Nationalism
Na．tion．al．ism
Armaments
Ar．ma．ments
Economic and
E．co．no．mic and
Race
Race
colonial rivalry
co．lo．ni．al
ri．val．ry
D1. Economic and colonial rivalry (Imperialism)
nation
na．tion
Industrialization
in．dus．tri．al．i．za．tion tension
ten．sion
raw materials
raw ma．te．ri．als
colonial
expansion
co．lo．ni．al
overseas
markets
over．seas
expensive
ex．pen．sive
European
powers
Eu．ro．pean
powerful
pow．er．ful
tariffs
pow．ers
ta．riffs
ex．pan．sion
mar．kets
D2. Extreme Nationalism
Pan –
Germanism
Pan．Ger．man．ism Language
Lan．guage
Pan – Slavism
Pan．Slav．ism
Independent
In．de．pend．ent
revengeful
re．venge．ful
tradition
tra．di．tion
National glory
Na．tion．al glo．ry Foreign expansion
For．eign
ex．pan．sion
D3. Armaments race (militarism)
dreadnoughts
dread．noughts
suspicion
sus．pi．cion
Army
Ar．my
navy
na．vy
25
D4. Alliance System
Triple Alliance
Tri．ple
Al．li．ance Triple Entente
diplomacy
di．plo．ma．cy
disputes
Tri．ple
En．tente
dis．putes
Opposing camps Op．pos．ing camps enemies
e．ne．mies
E. Events leading to the War
Moroccan Crisis
Mo．roc．can
Bosnian Crisis
Cri．sis
2.
Bos．ni．an
Cri．sis
Ultimatum
Ul．ti．ma．tum
mobilization
mo．bi．li．za．tion
Unlimited
support
Un．li．mit．ed
Aus．tri．an throne
sup．port
Austrian
throne
declare
de．clare
heir
heir
Signal Words
A. Cause-and-Effect signal words
Cause
Effect
Colonial rivalry caused the
Powers to gain colonies or
areas to build up their empires
it increased tension among
the Powers.
Nationalism caused the Powers
to increase their national glory
by expansion
it resulted in conflicts when
there was a clash of
nationalism.
The armaments race caused
the Powers to increase the size
of their armed force
,so
OR
,as a result
The Alliance System caused the
Powers to form two rival
camps in Europe
it increased tension and
made the Powers less willing
to settle their conflicts by
peaceful means.
it turned a local war into a
general war.
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B. Sequence signal words
Sequence
The 4 underlying causes
Firstly,
colonial rivalry caused the Powers to gain colonies or areas
to build up their empires
First,
Secondly,
nationalism caused the Powers to increase their national
glory by expansion
Second,
Thirdly,
the armaments race caused the Powers to increase the size
of their armed force
Third,
Lastly,
the Alliance System caused the Powers to form two rival
camps in Europe
Last,
Last but not least,
C. Signal words of purpose
Action
Purpose
France and Germany
speeded up their
industrialization process
(so that) they could become stronger.
European powers began to
impose high tariffs on
foreign goods
(so that) they could protect their local industries.
European powers began to
compete for colonies
(so that) they could get more raw materials and a
larger overseas market for their industrial goods.
(in order to) become stronger.
(in order to) protect their local industries.
(in order to) get more raw materials and a larger
overseas market for their industrial goods.
European powers
competed in building
dreadnoughts
(so that) they could control the sea when a war
broke out.
(in order to) control the sea when a war broke out.
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D. Signal word for change of idea
Positive clause
Negative clause
Italy was a victorious power
Italy was a member of the
Triple Alliance
she was unhappy with the Paris
Peace Settlement.
but
Britain was the strongest
power before WWI
she joined the Allied Powers in
the First World War.
her power was on the decline
after WWI.
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