Plates, Quakes, and Blows Earth Science Test
Name ___________________________
Vocab Matching
_______ 1. Tectonic plates
_______ 2. Mid-ocean ridge
_______ 3. Subduction zone
_______ 4. Convergent boundary
_______ 5. Divergent boundary
_______ 6. Transform boundary
_______ 7. Compression
_______ 8. Tension
_______ 9. Normal fault
_______ 10. Reverse fault
_______ 11. Body waves
_______ 12. Surface waves
_______ 13. Epicenter
_______ 14. Focus
_______ 15. Seismogram
_______ 16. Seismograph
_______ 17. Magma chamber
_______ 18. Crater
_______ 19. Caldera
_______ 20. Lava plateau
A. Device that records seismic activity
B. A tectonic plate boundary where two
plates move apart and magma fills in
the gap
C. A type of stress when an object is
squeezed
D. Pieces of the lithosphere that move on
top of the asthenosphere
E. Large, flat landform made when lava is
spread out over a large area
F. When the hanging wall moves down
compared to the footwall
G. Seismic waves that travel through the
Earth’s interior
H. Where sea floor spreading occurs;
underwater mountain ranges
I. A tectonic plate boundary where two
plates collide
J. Point inside the Earth where an
earthquake begins
K. Depression that forms when the
magma chamber empties and the room
collapses
L. A type of stress when an object is
stretched
M. Funnel-shaped pit at the top of a
volcano
N. When the hanging wall moves up
compared to the footwall
O. Point on Earth’s surface directly above
an earthquake’s starting point
P. Area where the denser, oceanic crust
sinks below the continental crust
Q. Tracing of earthquake motion with P, S,
and surface waves
R. Area where the molten rock is stored in
a volcano
S. Seismic waves that move over Earth’s
surface
T. Tectonic plate boundary where two
plates slide past each other
_______ 21. Magma is formed
a. From diamonds under high pressure
b. Under high pressure and temperatures
c. In Earth’s metal core
d. From mid-ocean ridges
_______ 22. What seismic waves cause the most damage?
a. S waves
b. P waves
c. Surface waves
d. Body waves
_______ 23. All continents were together at one point in a large landmass called
a. Pangaea
b. Laurasia
c. Gondwana
d. Eurasia
_______ 24. The theory that continents once formed a large landmass, drifted apart, and continue to
move is called
a. Sea-floor spreading
b. Plate tectonics
c. Wegener’s theory
d. Continental drift
_______ 25. S waves travel
a. Faster than P waves
b. Slower than P waves
c. Slower than body waves
_______ 26. All of the following are ways to predict a volcanic eruption EXCEPT
a. Measuring the slope of a mountain
b. Measuring earthquake frequency and intensity
c. Measuring the temperature of the volcano
d. Measuring the weather severity
_______ 27. Because it’s on three tectonic plate boundaries, Japan has a high
a. Earthquake hazard
b. Elevation
c. Tectonic letdown
d. Intensity
_______ 28. Which of the following would you expect from a shield volcano?
a. Hot debris, ash, and gas shooting into the air
b. Molten rock blowing into the air
c. Violent explosions
d. Calm lava flows
_______ 29. The deep interior of the Earth can be mapped using
a. Sonar
b. Information from drilling expeditions
c. Ocean waves
d. Seismic waves
_______ 30. New oceanic crust forms from
a. Normal polarity
b. Reverse polarity
c. Sea-floor spreading
d. Continental drift
_______ 31. Seismic waves travel through Earth at different speeds depending on the
a. Density
b. Mass
c. Area
d. Shape
_______ 32. What kind of deformation leads to earthquakes?
a. Plastic deformation
b. Elastic deformation
c. Convergent deformation
d. Shear deformation
_______ 33. Strike-slip faults are created by
a. Convergent motion
b. Divergent motion
c. Transcontinental motion
d. Transform motion
_______ 34. Where do volcanoes form and earthquakes happen?
a. Mountainous areas
b. Near the center of continents
c. Along bodies of water
d. Along plate boundaries
_______ 35. Rock begins to melt when
a. Both pressure and temperature decrease
b. Both pressure and temperature increase
c. Temperature increases and pressure decreases
d. Temperature decreases and pressure increases
36. Describe one way tectonic plates can move (NOT a boundary). (2 points)
37. Why are composite volcanoes also called stratovolcanoes? (4 points)
38. What does the S-P time scale tell us? (3 points)
39. How can volcanoes form in the middle of a plate, like Hawaii? (2 points)
40. How is the epicenter of an earthquake related to its focus? (4 points)
41. As seismic waves travel further, what happens to the S-P time interval? (2 points)
42. List the layers of the Earth, from the outside to the inside. (5 points)
43. How are magma and lava related? (2 points)
44. How many seismographs are needed to find the epicenter of an earthquake? Why? (4 points)