Task name
Triangle pick
up and pass
Task
objectives
Performance
measures
Work
problems
Lack of
depth
perception
Ergonomic
problems
Neck held in
sustained flexion
Improvements
Shoulders
abducted and
flexed up to
approximately 60
degrees
Elbows flexed to
approximately 90
degrees
Forearms
moderately to fully
pronated
Wrists in moderate
to full flexion
Train surgeon to
maintain shoulders
as close to neutral
as possible
Contact stress
between fingers
and instrument
handles
Long finger reach
to operate thumb
wheels on
instruments
Apply (cushioning)
coating to
instrument handles
Constant standing
on hard surface
Provide shock
absorbent mat for
surgeon to stand on
Camera
protruding
into work
space
Bean pick up
Lack of
Elevate and tilt
patient towards
surgeon
Train surgeon to
maintain wrists as
close to neutral as
possible
Provide instruments
of various size to fit
different
anthropometry
Make thumb
wheels larger and
closer to fingers
Design shorter
camera
Neck held in
Elevate and tilt
depth
perception
Camera
placement
Camera
viewing
angle
Fine motor
skills
required for
task
sustained flexion
patient towards
surgeon
Shoulders
abducted and
flexed up to
approximately 60
degrees
Elbows flexed to
approximately 90
degrees
Forearms
moderately to fully
pronated
Wrists in moderate
to full flexion
Train surgeon to
maintain shoulders
as close to neutral
as possible
Contact stress
between fingers
and instrument
handles
Long finger reach
to operate thumb
wheels on
instruments
Apply (cushioning)
coating to
instrument handles
Constant standing
on hard surface
Provide shock
absorbent mat for
surgeon to stand on
Train surgeon to
maintain wrists as
close to neutral as
possible
Provide instruments
of various size to fit
different
anthropometry
Make thumb
wheels larger and
closer to fingers
Design shorter
camera
Triangle pick
up
Lack of
depth
perception
Camera
placement
Neck held in
sustained flexion
Provide wider angle
lens on ‘scope
Elevate and tilt
patient towards
surgeon
Shoulders
abducted and
flexed up to
approximately 60
degrees
Elbows flexed to
approximately 90
degrees
Forearms
moderately to fully
pronated
Wrists in moderate
to full flexion
Train surgeon to
maintain shoulders
as close to neutral
as possible
Contact stress
between fingers
and instrument
handles
Long finger reach
to operate thumb
wheels on
instruments
Apply (cushioning)
coating to
instrument handles
Constant standing
on hard surface
Provide shock
absorbent mat for
surgeon to stand on
Train surgeon to
maintain wrists as
close to neutral as
possible
Provide instruments
of various size to fit
different
anthropometry
Make thumb
wheels larger and
closer to fingers
Design shorter
camera
Checkerboard
Lack of
Neck held in
Elevate and tilt
depth
perception
Camera
placement
sustained flexion
patient towards
surgeon
Shoulders
abducted and
flexed up to
approximately 60
degrees
Elbows flexed to
approximately 90
degrees
Forearms
moderately to fully
pronated
Wrists in moderate
to full flexion
Train surgeon to
maintain shoulders
as close to neutral
as possible
Contact stress
between fingers
and instrument
handles
Long finger reach
to operate thumb
wheels on
instruments
Apply (cushioning)
coating to
instrument handles
Constant standing
on hard surface
Provide shock
absorbent mat for
surgeon to stand on
Train surgeon to
maintain wrists as
close to neutral as
possible
Provide instruments
of various size to fit
different
anthropometry
Make thumb
wheels larger and
closer to fingers
Design shorter
camera
Running string
Lack of
depth
perception
Camera
Neck held in
sustained flexion
Elevate and tilt
patient towards
surgeon
placement
Shoulders
abducted and
flexed up to
approximately 60
degrees
Elbows flexed to
approximately 90
degrees
Forearms
moderately to fully
pronated
Wrists in moderate
to full flexion
Train surgeon to
maintain shoulders
as close to neutral
as possible
Contact stress
between fingers
and instrument
handles
Long finger reach
to operate thumb
wheels on
instruments
Apply (cushioning)
coating to
instrument handles
Constant standing
on hard surface
Provide shock
absorbent mat for
surgeon to stand on
Train surgeon to
maintain wrists as
close to neutral as
possible
Provide instruments
of various size to fit
different
anthropometry
Make thumb
wheels larger and
closer to fingers
Design shorter
camera
Lap Sim
Lack of
depth
perception
Camera
placement
Neck held in
sustained flexion
Elevate and tilt
patient towards
surgeon
Shoulders
abducted and
flexed up to
Train surgeon to
maintain shoulders
as close to neutral
approximately 60
degrees
Elbows flexed to
approximately 90
degrees
Forearms
moderately to fully
pronated
Wrists in moderate
to full flexion
as possible
Contact stress
between fingers
and instrument
handles
Long finger reach
to operate thumb
wheels on
instruments
Apply (cushioning)
coating to
instrument handles
Constant standing
on hard surface
Provide shock
absorbent mat for
surgeon to stand on
Train surgeon to
maintain wrists as
close to neutral as
possible
Provide instruments
of various size to fit
different
anthropometry
Make thumb
wheels larger and
closer to fingers
Design shorter
camera