Ch 12 Test Review Packet
1. I can describe the relationship between genes and DNA
 What is a gene?
2. I can describe the components and overall structure of a DNA molecule.
 DNA nucleotides are made up of three things. What are those
three things? _______________(know the specific sugar!), a
___________, and a _____________
 What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
 In DNA, Adenine (A) pairs with_________ (___), and Guanine (G) pairs with _________ (___)
 Based on the base pairing in DNA, fill in the percentages of C and T.
 Label the drawing. ( Deoxyribose, Phosphate group, Nitrogen Base, Hydrogen Bond, Nucleotide)
3. I can list the steps of DNA replication and describe where they happen.
 List the steps of DNA replication using the strand below. Start by writing down the missing
DNA sequence, then use the space to the right to draw what the DNA strand would look like
during replication.
 The process of replication is described as semi-conservative. What does this mean?
4. I can state the purpose of DNA replication and when in the cell cycle it occurs.
Replication
Protein Synthesis
Location in cell
types of nucleic acids
Purpose
5. I can describe the structure of a chromosome.
6. I can describe 3 ways that RNA differs from DNA.
DNA
RNA
single or double stranded?
nitrogen bases
sugar
location in cell
7. I can name and identify diagrams of the 3 main types of RNA and state their
purpose.
 What is the function of tRNA in the process of translation?
 What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?
 What is the function of rRNA in translation?
Use words from the word bank to match the following: (You can use them MORE THAN
ONCE!)
messenger-RNA
transfer-RNA
ribosomal-RNA
Carries the DNA code from nucleus to cytoplasm ________________
Made by the nucleolus ________________________
Adds the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain _____________________
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes ____________________
Has a CODON region _____________________
Has an ANTICODON region _______________________
 If a mRNA segment is made of 10,000 codons, how many bases does it contain? ___________
8. I can explain the relationship between genes and protein.
 _____ gene codes for _____ protein.
 the Central Dogma of Biology: _____  _____  __________  _________
9. I can list the steps of protein synthesis and describe where they occur in the cell
 Eukaryotic cells have a problem. Their DNA contains the coded instructions for making
proteins, but it is stuck in the nucleus of the cell. How does the cell get the message out to the
ribosomes out in the cytoplasm?
 Label the following:
A ______________
B ______________
C ______________
D ______________
E ______________
F ______________
 Put the following steps in the correct order
using the numbers 1-6. Number 1 would be the first step, number 2 the second and so
on.
___ A ribosome moves along the mRNA and adds more amino acids to the protein
___ The ribosome binds to the start codon on an mRNA molecule
___ mRNA leaves the nucleus enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome
___ The ribosome reaches a stop codon and releases the new protein
___ tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome
___ DNA unzips and mRNA is transcribed from the DNA in the nucleus
10. I can use genetic code to determine amino acid sequences from a strand of mRNA.
 Transcribe the following DNA sequences into mRNA codons, then use the codon wheel or codon
chart to find the correct amino acid sequence (polypeptide).
Example : DNA = TACCCACATATC
mRNA = AUGGGUGUAUAG
Amino Acid Sequence = Met (Start) – Gly – Val – Stop
DNA
mRNA
Amino Acids
TACGATGAGACT
TACCTCGGGATT
TACGTAGTTGTCATT
12. I can explain what a mutation is.
Mutations: Look at the sequences of DNA below and answer the questions that follow.
regular DNA: T A C G T A A G T C C G T A C G T C A G T T G C A T G C
mutation 1: T T C G T A A G T C C G T A C G T C A G T T G C A T G C
mutation 2: T A C G T A A G T C C G T T C A G T T G C A T G C
mutation 3: T A C G T A A G T C C G T A T G C G C A C G T C A G T T G C A T G C
 What type of mutation is shown in mutation #1?
Substitution, Addition, Deletion
(Circle One)
 What type of mutation is shown in mutation #2? Substitution, Addition, Deletion
(Circle One)
 What type of mutation is shown in mutation #3? Substitution, Addition, Deletion
(Circle One)
 What is the name for a mutation in which ONLY one base pair is substituted?
 What is the term for when many base pairs are shifted from their original position?
 What is the term for when a base changes but there is no observed effect?
 Which mutation(s) above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?
13. I can contrast gene mutations and chromosomal mutations and describe the possible effects of
mutations.
Choose from the following terms for the questions below:
Insertion Deletion Point Mutation Inversion Substitution Translocation
 Name the three types of point (gene) mutations:
 Name the four types of chromosome mutations:
 What mutations would be considered frameshift mutations?
 Which mutation involves two chromosomes?
 Can a point mutation be a frameshift mutation?
For each diagram below, indicate what type of chromosome mutation is illustrated. Choose from:
deletion, insertion/duplication, inversion, and translocation
A.
B.
C.
D.
14. Describe how genes are regulated.
 what is a promoter?
 how are genes turned on in a cell?