Points from Unit 2 Chemistry – Exam Preparation.
Precipitation Reactions:
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What is a precipitation reaction?
What is produced?
What are the defining features of a precipitation reaction?
What is the difference between a precipitation reaction and other reactions?
Where do you go to find out what things are soluble and insoluble?
How do you write an ionic equation?
What things get deleted in an ionic equation?
Do you always get a precipitate?
What state is a precipitate?
Why are precipitates insoluble?
Stoichiometry:
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What is the most important thing to consider when making a sandwich (chemical reaction)?
What are the molar concentration equations?
What are the properties of a primary standard?
What are the correct rinsing procedures for all glassware? How does incorrect rinsing affect your results?
What is a standard solution?
What is an aliquot?
What is a titre?
What tools are used for a titration and what do they do?
What value remains constant in a dilution?
What is volume/volume mass/volume mass/mas stoic?
What is the difference between actual and theoretical yield? Factors that affect yield?
What does an indicator show?
In an equation what represents the mole ratio?
How do you determine what is in XS and what is LR!!!?!?!?!?
What is stoichiometry?
What do you use to predict the amount of product? (the LR or the XS)
What units for M? m? n? V? N?
Can you convert from mol/L to g/L?
Acids and Bases:
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What is a Bronsted Lowry definition of an acid and a base?
What are the properties of acids and bases?
What safety precautions should be taken when handling acids (AAATW)
What is the difference between strength and concentration?
What is a polyprotic acid?
How do you determine a conjugate acid base pair? How do they differ?
What is an amphiprotic substance?
What is the equation to determine pH?
What is the equation to determine the concentration of H+? [H+]?
What is the ionic product of water? What is its equation? What temperature is it true for?
What are the 5 reactions of acids?
What is pH?
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Indicators and Litmus paper for acids and bases
What is the relationship between pH and concentration of hydronium?
What happens to pH of acids and bases when they are diluted?
What is the difference between the strength of organic and inorganic bases and why?
Give an example of 2 strong acids, 2 strong bases, 2 weak acids and 2 weak bases.
Write an equation to show how a strong acid ionises in water
Write an equation to show how a strong base dissociates
Write equations for weak acids and bases in water
What are some examples of common acids/bases in everyday life
What is the definition of neutral, acidic and basic!!!?!?!?! Can water ever be acidic/basic?
What happens when you add an acid to a base?
What is hydrolysis?
When are acids acids and bases bases? Can an acid act as an acid if there is no base?
What is ionisation?
What is dissociation?
How do you know the formula for the salt that is formed in an acid base reaction?
What products are formed when water reacts with itself, what do we use it explain?
Redox:
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What is a redox reaction?
What is transferred in a redox reaction?
What is oxidation?
What is the purpose of a salt bridge in a galvanic cell? Give an example of a suitable solution for the salt
bridge and why that is a good choice.
How do you balance both simple and complex redox reactions? (water, H+, electrons etc)
What are the trends in oxidant and reductant strength in the periodic table and why?
How are oxidation numbers formulated? What are the exceptions to the oxidation number rules?
What is a reductant?
What are the internal and external circuits in a galvanic cell?
Why are some things better oxidants/reductants than others?
Describe the direction of ion flow in the salt bridge
By looking at oxidation numbers how can you tell oxidation/reduction/redox reaction has taken place?
At the cathode/anode what reaction occurs and what charge is on the electrode?
What electrode loses mass, which gains mass in a galvanic cell?
By looking at the electrochemical series how can you predict if a spontaneous reaction will occur? Can you
explain why/why not????
In what direction does oxidant/reductant strength increase/decrease in the electrochemical series?
Why won’t some reactions occur?
Under what conditions is the electrochemical series made? (pressure for gases, temperature, concentration)
What is a redox conjugate pair?
Describe the direction of electron flow in the external circuit.
An OIL RIG Cat
What is an electrolyte? What must it contain?
What are other types of galvanic cells? (not solid electrode types)
Can you draw a fully labelled galvanic cell? Include half reactions?
How do you combine two half equations into an overall equation?
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What is reduced in a reduction reaction? What is oxidised in an oxidation reaction?
Gas Laws:
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What units must the pressure be in when using the general gas equation? And other units?
What does molar volume mean?
What is SLC and STP?
What is the general gas equation?
What are the properties of gases?
What are the three gas laws?
How do you convert units of pressure and volume and temperature?
What temperature scale is used for calculations in the topic of gas laws?
What is the combined gas equation and why is it called that?
What is the kinetic molecular theory?
Don’t forget limiting and excess questions with gas laws!
Under what conditions can the “volume ratio” be employed?
What is the gas constant?
What is the difference between real and ideal gases?
What is pressure? Explain pressure.
Can you draw a graph of each of the gas laws?
Can you offer an explanation for all three gas laws? Regarding the kinetic molecular theory.
What is the molar volume formula?
Do gases react with each other? Ok Chanuka.
Do gases lose energy when they collide?
Luke, Yunus, Shixin, Ben, Shern, Anthony, John, Kelly, Nisha, Shannan, Sophie, Chanuka, Dostol, Saman?