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CONTROL-MEAUREMENT TOOLS
on the ophthalmology subject for the students of 4th course
the faculty of general medicine
Questions
1. Dacryocystitis of adults it’s aetiology, methods of investigation, clinical picture,
treatment.
2. Types of ocular clinical refraction, their clinical characteristics (the capability to
clear near and distant vision; location of distant point of clear vision, it’s
characteristic, location of the main focus of the optical system in relation to
retina; causes of refractive errors; ocular length).
3. Corneal ulcer – aetiology, sings early diagnostics, treatment and outcomes.
4. Anatomy of tear drainage system, methods of investigation, characteristics in
normal conditions.
5. Conservative treatment (general and local) of the primary glaucomas.
6. Ocular optical system, it’s compartments, optical power, functions, methods of
investigation, characteristics in norm and pathology.
7. Ophthalmia neonatorum – aetiology, sings, treatment, prognosis and
prevention.
8. Uveal anatomy, it’s physiology and functions, methods of investigation,
characteristics in normal conditions.
9. Ocular burns – classification, clinical signs at different stages of severity in
eyelids, conjunctival and corneal burns. First aid.
10.Corneal structure, clinical peculiarities of each of the corneal layers, methods of
investigation, characteristic in normal conditions.
11.Uveitis – aetiology, clinical signs, methods of treatment.
12.Ocular drainage system – anatomy, clinical role, methods of investigation.
13.Blunt ocular trauma – complications, methods of treatment.
14.Name intraocular muscles, their innervation and blood supply, methods of
investigation, normal characteristics.
15.Innervation and blood supply of cornea and ciliary body (common features and
differences), methods of investigation and characteristics.
16.Eyelids anatomy (layers, muscles, their innervation and blood supply),
functions methods of investigation, characteristics in norm and pathology.
17.Progressive myopia, clinical signs, complications, treatment and prevention of
blindness.
18.Dyphtherhial conjunctivitis – signs, characteristics, complications and outcome,
medical treatment.
19.Optical corrective lenses, lensometry (type and optical power measurement).
20.Prevention of blindness from glaucoma, screening for primary glaucomas,
indications for surgical treatment. Main types of glaucoma surgeries.
21.Innervation and blood supply of the organ of vision.
22. Parenchimatous syphilitic keratitis – aetiology, sings, peculiarities of clinical
duration; diagnostics, treatment, prognosis and outcomes.
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23.Intraocular fluid – it’s composition, secretion, drainage, methods of
investigation, characteristics in normal conditions.
24.Allergic conjunctivitis: simple, seasonal, spring catarrh, atopic (signs,
peculiarities, treatment).
25.Intraocular pressure – measurement, types of tonometers, characteristic in norm
and pathology.
26.Blepharitis – aetiology, classification, signs, complications, treatment and
prevention.
27.Toxic-allergic keratitis – aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnostics,
treatment and prevention.
28.Herpetic keratitis, classification, aetiology, clinical signs, treatment and
outcomes.
29.Stye – kinds, clinical sings, differential diagnosis with the eyelid abscess,
complications and treatment (according to the stage).
30.Haematogenic keratitis – aetiology, clinical picture, diagnostics, treatment and
outcomes.
31.Which parts the organ of vision is composed of? What is the eye globe
anatomy?
32.Acute angle closure – aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical sings, differential
diagnosis with phacomorphic glaucoma and iridocyclitis; first aid.
33.Choroidal membrane – anatomy, blood supply, innervation; functions, methods
of investigation.
34.Subjective method of refraction measurement, main principles of refractive
errors correction.
35.Give definition to the physical refraction, characterize it’s structures from the
side of the eye globe and their optical power.
36.Anatomy of ocular accommodation structures, mechanism of accommodation;
characteristics in different types of clinical refraction.
37.Congenital glaucoma – aetiology, pathogenesis, cardinal clinical signs and
treatment.
38.Give classification of primary glaucomas according to anterior chamber angle,
stage of the process, and intraocular pressure level.
39.Which parts of the eye globe you will examine with the use of external
examination? Describe the normal conjunctiva (according to status oculorum).
40.Acute and chronic bacterial conjunctivitis – aetiology, clinical signs,
diagnostics and treatment.
41.Characterize the ocular fissure, eye lids, lacrimal system in normal conditions
as seen in external examination.
42.Penetrating ocular trauma – aetiology, clinical signs, first aid, complications
(purulent and non-purulent), outcomes.
43.Characterize eye globe as a whole. Which characteristics has sclera and cornea
in norm upon external examination.
44.Classify cataracts by aetiology. How is the conclusion on cataract stage made?
What is the cardinal sign of cataract, it’s differential diagnosis, types and
treatment?
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45.Which parts of the eye globe are examined by the lateral illumination method?
Describe them in norm and pathology.
46.Acute iridocyclitis – aetiology, signs, differential diagnosis with stye, eye lid
abscess; treatment.
47.Give criteria and characterize different forms of congenital glaucoma, stages
and IOP compensation.
48.Lacrimal sac abscess – aetiology, signs; differential diagnosis with stye, eye lid
abscess, orbital abscess. Treatment (according to the stage).
49.Give characteristics to IOP levels in norm and pathology (according to
tonometry and in palpation).
50.Eye lids abscess – aetiology, signs, differential diagnosis with stye, lacrimal sac
abscess, orbital abscess and acute dacryoadenitis. Treatment (according to
stage).
51.Two systems of the uveal blood supply and their role in the development of
inflammatory process.
52.Eye lids traumas – classification, aetiology, complications, first aid. Indications
for the primary surgical reparation.
53.Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction – aetiology, methods of diagnostics,
clinical presentation, complications and treatment.
54.Structure of ocular dioptric system, power of optical lenses composed dioptric
apparatus of eye, methods of testing, characteristics in normal state.
55.Crystalline lens – anatomy, peculiarities of growth, difference in children and
adults, in newborns, methods of testing, characteristics in normal state and in
pathology.
56.Viral conjunctivitis – peculiarities of clinical course, diagnostics, principles of
medical management.
57.Eyelids – anatomy, innervation, blood supply. Methods of ocular fissure
examination, it’s characteristics in normal state and in pathology.
58.Dacryocistitis of adults – aetiology, diagnostics, clinical presentation and
treatment.
59.Lacrimal gland – anatomy, innervation, blood supply, functions, differences in
adults and newborns, methods of investigation, characteristics in normal
conditions and in pathology.
60.Evidence-based medicine in the clinical practice of ophthalmologist.