Chapter 3 Questions
3.1.1 Routes of Exposures to Hazards
1.
What factor does not play a significant role in the extent of harm upon exposure to a chemical?
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
What is the most effective method for avoiding exposure by ingestion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3.
Mists are tiny droplets of liquid suspended in the air.
Fumes are small solid particles that are formed when solid is vaporized.
Dusts are solid particles suspended in air.
A heterogeneous mixture in air is one where the contaminant is a colloid.
Smoke
a)
b)
c)
d)
8.
work in a chemical hood when using them.
avoid breathing the vapors by holding beakers and flasks at arm’s length.
wear a common dust mask.
always keep beakers, flasks and bottles of the chemical capped or covered.
Which definition is not correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.
are very reactive.
have a vapor pressure of at least 100 mm Hg.
are liquids that vaporize readily at normal pressure and temperature.
are gases at normal pressure and temperature.
The best way to avoid inhalation of volatile chemicals while working with them is to
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
when working with corrosive chemicals.
only when your instructor specifically requires it.
when there are other students working nearby who might do something stupid
all of the time.
Volatile chemic+als are substances that
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
Taste only chemicals that your instructor gives you permission to taste.
Taste only chemicals that you know are non-toxic.
Never eat or drink anything while in a chemistry lab.
Only eat food in a lab when you know that it cannot be contaminated with a toxic chemical.
In order to avoid exposure to your eyes in a chemistry lab you should wear eye protection
a)
b)
c)
d)
4.
Dose.
Length of exposure.
State (gas, liquid, solid).
Path of exposure.
is a mixture of aerosol particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based materials
contains many toxic, small-molecule compounds
is a colloid
all of the above
It is generally true that
a)
almost all chemicals have an odor threshold below their toxic threshold.
b) almost all chemicals have an odor threshold above their toxic threshold.
c) whenever you can smell a chemical you are being exposed to it.
d) None of the above.
9.
Most adverse occupational exposures to chemical are through
a)
b)
c)
d)
inhalation.
dermal exposure.
ingestion.
the eyes.
10. The best way(s) to avoid chemical contact with the skin is to wear
a)
b)
c)
d)
clothes that protect most of your body.
a lab coat.
shoes that cover your feet.
All of the above.
11. Gloves worn in labs
a)
b)
c)
d)
are generally resistant to almost all chemicals.
usually protect against only a limited range of chemicals.
generally protect against most chemicals, but only for a short period of time.
need to be selected carefully to protect against the particular chemicals you are using.
12. Having a chemical “injected” through your skin
a)
b)
c)
d)
3.1.2
1.
chemical formula
molar mass
safety warning
CAS number
Most chemicals
a)
b)
c)
d)
3.
Learning the Language of Safety: Signs, Symbols, and Labels
For every chemical there is a unique
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
is fairly unlikely in labs because chemists use needles and syringes only rarely.
is possible if there is an explosion that produces sharp glass that is contaminated.
is not likely to produce a toxic dose.
All of the above.
are not very hazardous
have only one hazardous property
have multiple hazards, but only the most hazardous property is on the label.
have multiple hazards, with all of them listed on the label.
Table 3.1.2.1 lists how many terms that describe hazards of chemicals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
4.
What term describes a chemical that causes cancer in humans or animals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
What term describes a chemical that causes physical defects in a developing fetus or embryo?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
Pyrophoric
Cryogen
Lacrimator
Compressed gas
Which statement is true with regard to the NFPA Fire Diamond?
a)
b)
c)
d)
9.
Pyrophoric
Embryotoxin
Lacrimator
Mutagen
What term describes a chemical that is stored at extremely low temperatures
a)
b)
c)
d)
8.
Carcinogen
Embryotoxin
Lacrimator
Teratogen
What term describes a chemical that causes causes tears upon exposure?
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.
Carcinogen
Embryotoxin
Lacrimator
Teratogen
The blue diamond at the 9 o’clock position refers to special hazards.
The white diamond at the 6 o’clock position refers to reactivity hazard.
The red diamond at the 12 o’clock position refers to flammability.
The yellow diamond at the 3 o’clock position refers to health hazard.
The hazards ratings in the NFPA Fire Diamond
describe how a chemical behaves in a fire, which is almost identical to how it behaves under “lab”
conditions.
b) describe how a chemical behaves in a fire, which is not always the same as how it behaves under “lab”
conditions.
c) was designed for firefighters and is of almost no practical use for chemists.
d) refer to categories of chemicals, not individual chemicals.
a)
3.1.2
Exercises [Dave, we can delete these unless you want to use them.]
1. Consider the pairs of chemicals and their hazard descriptors and determine which of each pair poses the
greater hazard:
a. methyl ethyl ketone , Highly Flammable or dimethylformamide, Combustible
b. phenol, Toxic or sodium cyanide, Poison
c. dichloromethane, Irritant or diazomethane, Sensitizer
d. ethyl mercaptan, Stench or capsaicin, Lachrymator
e. Minimata disease, Teratogen; Gggg, Mutagen
f. zinc powder, Pyrophoric or tetrahydrofuran, Peroxide former
2.
The following chemicals are known to possess several hazardous properties. Judging from the label
information, identify the principal hazard(s) of each material.
a. ethylene oxide: Highly Flammable, Carcinogen, Irritant
b. fluorine: Highly Reactive; Oxidizing Agent; Irritant; Corrosive
c. osmium tetroxide: Highly Toxic; Irritant;
d. phosgene: Highly Toxic; Corrosive
e. sodium hydride: Corrosive; Highly Reactive
f. sulfuric acid: Highly Corrosive; Reactive; Oxidizing Agent
g. acetaldehyde: Highly Flammable; Irritant; Mutagen
h. benzene: Highly Flammable; Carcinogen
3.1.3 Finding Hazard Information – Material Data Safety Sheets (MSDS)
1.
What fraction of the known chemicals have been test for toxicity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
What fraction of the chemicals that you will use in undergraduate chemistry labs will have some safety
information associated with them?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3.
Almost none.
A tiny fraction.
About half.
Most of them.
An MSDS is a document that
a)
b)
c)
d)
4.
Almost none.
A tiny fraction.
About 25%
About 65%
is required to be provided with a chemical when purchased from a chemical supply company.
has a wide range of safety information is a mostly-standardized format.
is not legally required to be accurate.
All of the above
MSDSs are commonly used by chemists because
a) they are easily accessible.
b) they represent the most reliable information about chemicals.
c) they contain safety information in “common language” that chemists with no safety training can
understand.
d) all chemists have had training on how to read MSDSs.
5.
When using an MSDS, the most important first step is to make sure that the MSDS
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
is in the “standard format.”
refers to the chemical you are using.
has been approved by OSHA.
All of the above.
Hazard information about a particular chemical that is listed on MSDSs from various sources
a)
b)
c)
d)
will always be identical, using standardized language.
may vary.
may be listed in different orders, but will always be identical.
is rarely consistent.
7.
Safety information on MSDSs is usually
a)
b)
c)
d)
specific enough to be of use to chemists.
written mostly for “industrial” or manufacturing situations more than for chemists in research labs.
written mostly for chemists in research labs more than for “industrial” or manufacturing situations.
written to be useful for chemists, emergency responders, and physicians.
3.2.1 The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classifying and Labeling Chemicals
1.
The GHS
a)
is a system for classifying and labeling hazardous chemicals so that all countries classify and label
chemicals in the same way.
b) was adopted by the United Nations in 2003 after initially being designed in 1992
c) allows participating countries to sell and buy chemicals across their borders with confidence that the
hazardous chemicals are identified and labeled in the same way
d) All of the above.
2.
GHS labels will use
a) chemical pictograms only since language barriers prevent the use of words
b) “signal words” that will be a understood regardless of what language is used
c) chemical pictograms and signal words
d) chemical pictograms, signal words, and hazard statements
3.
The GHS of categorizing chemicals is
a)
b)
c)
d)
4.
What are the main categories of hazards used in the GHS?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
identical
very similar
the “reverse” of each other
similar, except the NFPA uses Arabic numbers and the GHS uses Roman numerals
The original and the now-expected adoption dates for the GHS are
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.
Physical and health
Human and environmental
Physical, human and environmental
Physical, health, and environmental
The rating systems used by the NFPA and the GHS for flammable liquids and solids are
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
simple and uses consistent rating systems for various hazards
simple, but uses consistent rating systems for various hazards
complicated, but uses consistent rating systems for various hazards
complicated, and uses inconsistent rating systems for various hazards
2003 and 2008
2003 and 2015
2008 and 2015
2008 and uncertain
What United States agencies are involved in the implementation of the GHS?
a)
b)
c)
d)
8.
EPA, DOT, OSHA
EPA, DOT, CPSC
EPA, OSHA, CPSC
EPA, DOT, OSHA CPSC
The GHS will use
a)
b)
c)
d)
MSDS-like documents only
Labels
29 pictograms that can be understood internationally
All of the above
3.2.2 Information Resources About Laboratory Hazards and Safety
1.
The most reliable information about the hazards of a particular chemical can be found
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
in Wikipedia
using Google
in the MSDS
in other printed or on-line materials that have been reviewed.
Which printed resources are also available on-line (for free)?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Prudent Practices
Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories
Bretherick’s Handbookof Reactive Chemicals Hazards
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemicals
NFPA Standards
I, III and IV
II, IV and V
II, III and V
I, II, IV and V
3. “Chemical Profiles” are found in the following resources:
I. Prudent Practices
II Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories
III NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemicals
IV Journal of Chemical Education
V NFPA Standards
a) I, II, III, V
b) II, III, IV, V
c) I, III, IV
d) All of the above
Seems hard to write more good multiple-choice questions for this, but it may be possible to write many good
questions that have students go the on-line resources to search for information. This was also my thought as I
reviewed and revised the section from the reviewer.
3.2.3 Interpreting MSDS Information
1.
MSDSs are required by
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
It is estimated that about what percent of MSDSs has incorrect information in them?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3.
the OSHA Lab Standard.
the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.
the OSHA General Duty Clause.
the EPA.
less than 2%
11%
37%
at least 61%
MSDS recommendations about safety procedures, medical treatment and chemical disposal are
I.
II.
III.
IV.
a)
b)
c)
d)
4.
I and IV
I, II and IV
II, III, and IV
II and III
What are the contributing sources for MSDSs?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
usually specific and accurate.
designed more for industrial workplace circumstances more than research labs.
sometimes so broad in nature as to be of little use.
regularly updated.
Scientists
Physicians
Lawyers
Computer programs
I and II
I and III
I, II, and III
I, II, III, and IV.
What information is usually in Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification?
I. Principal name of the chemical
II. CAS number
III. Synonyms and other names for the chemical
IV. Company name and emergency contact number
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
What information is not in the Section 3: Hazards Identification?
a)
b)
c)
d)
7.
useful only to paramedics
useful only to physicians
useful only to paramedics and physicians
useful for both medically trained and non-trained persons
Section 7 on Handling and Storage is mostly written for
a)
b)
c)
d)
9.
Environmental hazards
Potential health effects on humans
Physical hazards such as flammability and reactivity
Route of exposure information
The information in the Section 4 on First Aid Measures is mostly
a)
b)
c)
d)
8.
I and II
I and III
I, II, and III
I, II, III, and IV.
chemistry students in academic labs
laboratory instructors
lab managers and stockroom personnel
truck drivers who deliver chemicals
Section 8 on Exposure Controls and Personal Protective Equipment
I. is written more for industrial situations than for research labs
II. often contains very general information about PPE that is of limited use
III. contain exposure limits information
a)
b)
c)
d)
I and II
I and III
II and III
I, II and III
10. Section 10 on Stability and Reactivity contains information useful to
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemists in research labs
emergency responders
chemistry students
all of the above.
11 Section 11 on Toxicological Information may have inaccurate information because
a)
b)
c)
d)
we simply don’t know much about the toxicity of most chemicals.
it is usually generated from computer searches that are notoriously unreliable.
many errors are made in the animal testing that leads to these data
this information is more subject to being updated compared to most MSDS information
12. Section 13 on Disposal Considerations is usually
a)
b)
c)
d)
accurate and specific with regard to federal, but not state and local, laws and regulations.
accurate and specific with regard to federal, state and local laws and regulations.
accurate and specific with regard to federal and state, but not local, laws and regulations.
not very specific.
3.3.1 Chemical Hygiene Plans
1.
Chemical Hygiene Plans are required by
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
Legally, what group of people are not bound by the Chemical Hygiene Plan?
a)
b)
c)
d)
3.
the OSHA Lab Standard.
the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.
the OSHA General Duty Clause.
the EPA.
Students who not employees.
Researchers in chemistry labs.
Researchers who have an BA/BS, MS or PhD in chemistry.
Faculty who have federal grant money.
The CHP is a “performance standard” which means that
a) OSHA specifies how to prevent exposure to chemicals in labs.
b) OSHA does not specify how to prevent exposure to chemicals in labs
c) OSHA does requires that employers establish the methods by which employees meet certain requirements
to limit exposures.
d) both B and C.
4.
What is not necessarily part of a CHP?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
Standard Operating Procedures Involving Use of Hazardous Chemicals
The CHO duties.
Medical Consultation and Examinations
Designation of Chemical Hygiene Officers
Which is generally not a duty of a CHO?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Developing the CHP and appropriate measures for handling chemicals
Lab inspections
Understanding legal requirements for labs.
Assisting lab personnel in conducting particularly dangerous experiments.