Name ______________________________________
Period _______
Standard 5
Students will understand that structure is used to develop classification systems.
Objective 1: Classify based on observable properties
Objective 2: Use and develop a simple classification system.
Objective 3: Classify organisms using an orderly pattern based upon structure.
What is classification?
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Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly __________________________ based on their
__________________________ (TRAITS)
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Classification is also known as __________________________
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__________________________ are scientists that identify & name organisms
Early taxonomists
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2000 years ago, __________________________ was the first taxonomist
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Aristotle divided organisms into __________________________ & __________________________
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He classified animals by the way they __________________________ … Land, sea or air.
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Can you think of any problems with this classification scheme? _____________________________________
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__________________________, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming
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His __________________________ were very long descriptions telling EVERYTHING about the plant
Carolus Linnaeus
1707 – 1778
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18th century __________________________
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Classified organisms by their __________________________
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Developed __________________________ __________________________ still used today
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Called the “____________________________________________________”
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Developed the modern system of naming known as __________________________
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__________________________ name (Genus & species)
Standardized Naming
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Binomial nomenclature Genus species
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Latin or Greek
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____________________________________________________, but NOT species
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__________________________in print, __________________________when writing
How can we tell if two organisms are closely related using only their scientific names?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Rules for naming organisms
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The International Code for Binomial Nomenclature contains the rules for naming organisms
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All names must be approved by International Naming Congresses (International Zoological Congress)
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This __________________________ names
Classification Groups
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Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed
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There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific
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__________________________, __________________________, __________________________,
__________________________, __________________________, __________________________,
__________________________
We can use clues to remember the order of taxonomy:
K__________________________, P__________________________, C__________________________,
O__________________________, F__________________________, G__________________________,
S__________________________,
Benefits of classifying
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Accurately & uniformly names organisms
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Prevents __________________________such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish
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Uses __________________________ (Latin or some Greek) for all names
Why use a scientific name? ____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
History of Classification
Scientists classify based on structure
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The basic structure of an organism __________________________change.
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Aristotle said that plants __________________________ and are __________________________. He
said animals __________________________.
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What was wrong with this system of classification? (hint: fungi) _________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
What allowed us to see smaller organisms? _______________________________________________________
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The fourth kingdom created by scientists was called __________________________________________
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After improvements in microscopes, we could see ___________________________________________
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A new Kingdom called __________________________ was created. This kingdom has been divided into
two groups based on the composition of their cell walls.
Archaeabacteria
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Probably the 1st cells to evolve
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Live in HARSH environments such as: ____________________________________________________
Eubacteria
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Some may cause __________________________
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Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones
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Important __________________________ for environment
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Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.
Currently there are _____ Kingdoms: __________________________ , __________________________,
__________________________, __________________________, __________________________,
__________________________
We have a system for describing exactly where things fit: ________________________________________
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If we were to classify a Snowy Owl …
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What level of taxonomy do we begin with? _________________________________________________
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The Snowy Owl belongs to the genus _____________________________________________________
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The last level of taxonomy we look at is ____________________________________________________
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The scientific name for the Snowy Owl is __________________________________________________
If two animals are in the same species, they can ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
What are three facts about Protista? _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
What are three facts about Fungi? _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
What are three facts about Plantae? _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
What are three facts about Animalia? _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Taxons
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Most _________________________ contain a number of similar species
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The genus _________________________is an exception (only contains modern humans)
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Classification is based on __________________________________________________
Basis for modern taxonomy
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_________________________ _________________________ (same structure, different function)
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Similar __________________________________________________
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Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins
Dichotomous Key
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Used to identify organisms
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Characteristics given in _________________________
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_________________________ _________________________ and either go to another set of
characteristics OR identify the organism