Harmful Algae 2012 The 15th International Conference on Harmful Algae 제15차 국제적조회의 보고서 October 29 - November 2, 2012, CECO, Changwon, Gyeongnam, Korea EDITORS Hak Gyoon Kim Beatriz Reguera Gustaaf Hallegraeff Chang Kyu Lee Myung Soo Han Joong Ki Choi INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HARMFUL ALGAE 2014 and Harmful Algae 2012 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Harmful Algae 제15차 국제적조회의 보고서, 第十五次 國際赤潮會議報告書 October 29 - November 2, 2012, CECO, Changwon, Gyeongnam, Korea EDITORS Hak Gyoon Kim Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea Beatriz Reguera Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Vigo, Spain Gustaaf Hallegraeff University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia Chang Kyu Lee National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Korea Myung Soo Han HanYang University, Korea Joong Ki Choi Inha University, Korea 깃발만 ISSHA flag since 2012 2014 For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as follows: Kim, H.G., B. Reguera, G. M. Hallegraeff, C.K. Lee, M.S. Han and J.K. Choi. (eds). Harmful Algae 2012, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Harmful Algae. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae 2014 ISBN 978-87-990827-4-2. The preparation of this publication was supported by the Organizing Committee of the 15th International Conference on Harmful Algae and funded by the Gyeongsangnam-do Provincial Government. Published in 2014 Maple Design, Busan, Korea Conference Organization Convener Hak Gyoon Kim Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea Korea Local Organizing Committee Organizing Committee Hak Gyoon Kim(Chair), Pukyong National University Young Sang Suh, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute(NFRDI) Chang Kyu Lee, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute Woon Hyun Chung, Gyeongnam Provincical Government Joong Ki Choi, Inha University Myung Soo Han(Co-chair), Hanyang University Scientific Committee Mu Chan Kim, Gyeongsang National University Mi Kyung Kim, Youngnam University Chang Hoon Kim, Pukyong National University Chang Ho Moon, Pukyong National University Myung Gil Park, Chonnam National University Jong Gyu Park, Kunsan National University Kyoung Ho An, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute Yu Hwan Ahn, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Sung Ryull Yang, Kwangju University Yang Ho Yoon, Chonnam National University Won Ho Yih, Kunsan National University Joon Baek Lee, Cheju University1. Chair : Sam Geun Lee, Kyungsung University Jin Whan Lee, Sangmyung University Man Chang, Korea Ocean R & D Institute, KORDI) Hae Jin Jeong, Seoul National University Jang-Seu Ki, Sangmyung University Advisory committee Joo Suck Park, ex-president of NFRDI Jae Hyung Shim, ex-professor of Seoul National University Chan Hwan Cho, ex-professor of Gyeongsang National University International Scientific Committee Don Anderson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA Rhodora Azanza, University of the Philippines, Philippines Allan Cembella, Alfred Wegener Institute(AWI) for Polar and Marine Research, Germany Barrie Dale, University of Oslo, Norway Greg Doucette, NOAA/NOS/Marine Biotoxins Program,USA Henrik Enevoldsen, IOC of UNESCO, Denmark Yasuwo Fukuyo, University of Tokyo, Japan Patricia M. Glibert, University of Maryland, Horn Point Laboratory, USA Edna Graneli, Linnaeus University, Sweden Leonardo Guzmán, Instituto de Formento Pesquero, Chile Gustaaf Hallegraef, University of Tasmania, Australia Kin Chung Ho, Open University of Hong Kong, China Rita Horner, University of Washington, USA Ichiro Imai, University of Hokkaido, Japan Hae Jin Jeong, Seoul National University, Korea Hak Gyoon Kim. Pukyong National University, Korea Jane Lewis, University of Westminister, London, U.K. Songhui Lu, Jian University, Institute of Hydobiology, China Lincoln Mackenzie, Cawthron Institute, New Zealand Jannifer Martin, Fisheries and Oceans, Canada Ojvind Moestrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Kalliopi Pagou, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece Grant Pitcher, Marine and Coastal Management, South Africa Beatriz Reguera, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Vigo, Spain Sandra Shumway, University of Connecticut, USA Pat Tester, NOAA, NOS, North Carolina, USA Vera Trainer, NOAA, NFSC, Seattle, USA Takashi Yasumoto, Okinawa CREATE, Japan Mingjiang Zhou, Chinese Academy of Science, China Hosted by Gyeongnam-do provincial government National Fisheries Research & Development Institute Korea HAB Research Group (KORHAB) Local Major Sponsors Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science The Korean Society of Oceanography The Korean Society of Phycology Pukyong National University Kyongsang National University International organizations Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO Food and Agricultural Organization Scientific Committee for OR, NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research NOWPAP +++, North Pacific Marine Science Organization Northwest Pacific Action Plan Exhibitors Other Sponsors List of Referees Yuhwan Ahn, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology(KIOST), Ansan, Korea Don Anderson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA Rhodora Azanza, The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Philippines Sandra Azevedo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Allan Cembella, Alfred Wegener Institute(AWI) for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Eunseob Cho, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute(NFRDI), Busan, Korea William Cochlan, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA Barrie Dale, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Greg Doucette, Marine Biotoxins Program, National Ocean Service, NOAA, SC, USA Patricia M. Glibert, University of Maryland, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, USA Gustaaf Hallegraef, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia Myung-Soo Han, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Ichiro Imai, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan Joji Ishizaka, Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Youngsil Kang, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute(NFRDI), Busan, Korea Jang Seu Ki, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea Hak Gyoon Kim. Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea Mi-Kyung Kim, Youngnam University, Daegu, Korea Anke Kremp, Finnish Environment Institute SUKE, Helsinki, Finland Choul Gyun Lee, Inha university, Incheon, Incheon, Korea Joon Baek Lee, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea Sam Geun Lee, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea Nina Lundholm, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Lincoln Mackenzie, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand Jannifer Martin, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, Canada Brett A. Neilan, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Beatriz Reguera, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Vigo, Spain Lesley Rhodes, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand Suzanne Roy, Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec, Québec, Canada Andreas Seger, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia Sandra Shumway, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, CT, USA Theodore Smayda, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, USA Kirsty Smith, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand Sanna Suikkanen, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Helsinki, Finland Patricia A. Tester, National Ocean Service, NOAA, North Carolina, USA Vera Trainer, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, USA Adriana Zingone, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohn, Napoli, Italy Mingjiang Zhou, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, China Rita Horner, University of Washington, USA PREFACE The 15th International Conference on Harmful Algae (15 ICHA) was held in Changwon Exhibition Convention Center (CECO), Changwon, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea, from October 29 to November 2, 2012. This conference was hosted by a tripartite organization: Gyeongnam Provincial Government, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI), and Korea HAB Research Group (KORHAB). The principle aim of this conference was to clarify the role of mankind on the outbreaks of HABs to determine the relevant Must-Do’s of mankind and minimize the impacts of HABs on marine ecosystem and marine industries. Thereby the theme of the conference was “Mankind and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs).” 15 ICHA brought together 478 participants from 46 countries. For young scientists, 48 rooms with no charge were provided at the Gyeongnam Officials Training Institute which accommodated 77 young scientists from 22 countries. This gave them a unique opportunity to have scientific and friendly discussions and establish future cooperative developments. The scientific program of the 15th ICHA focused on 17 topics which addressed all issues related to the monitoring and prediction, population dynamics, toxin chemistry, and the impact, management and mitigation of HABs in the world, 2012. The open round table discussion on the subject “Can we find or discover environmentally friendly mitigation strategies?” was held on 1 November with many attendees and local journalists. A total of 395 contributions included: 12 invited speakers, 139 orals, and 244 posters communications representing 46 countries. Two parallel sessions were scheduled every day following a plenary introductory sessions which featured reviews covering the full range of topics. The key note address of “HABs in a Changing World” was presented by Dr. Donald M. Anderson, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA. The eight plenary lectures were; i) Phycotoxins as Allelochemicals in Marine Foods Webs: Emerging Toxin Paradigm or New Paradox of the Plankton; ii) Growth, Feeding, and Ecological Roles of the Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates in Marine Food Webs; iii) Current Status and Future of HAB Occurrence and its Management in the Western Pacific Region; iv) Bloom Dynamics and Ecophysiology of the Cochlodinium polykrikoides with Emphasis on Korean coastal Waters; v) The Role of Cyanotoxins: An Open Question to be Answered; vi) Looking Back into the Future of HABs; vii) Green Tide in the Yellow Sea –Mechanisms and Impacts; viii) Harm from the Benthos: Old and New Challenges for HAB Research and Management. Three topics on “A method to increase removal efficiency of HAB organisms by modifying clays; Algicidal bacteria, and HABs mitigation strategies in Korea and environmentally friendly new initiatives” were presented on the round table discussion. Of the 395 communications presented in the book of abstracts, 52 are presented as condensed papers in these Proceedings. For better understanding the HABs in Korea, the Harmful Algae News (UNESCO) bulletin No. 46, June 2012, dedicated a section to introduce “HAB Research and Management in Korea”. The book “Korea and HABs” was distributed to all participants during the conference. In addition, a special issue of the journal Harmful Algae (Elsevier) – Red Tides in Korea (Vol. 30, Supplement 1. Dec. 2013) reflected trends in HABs research and management in Korea. Members of the international and local committee served as session chairs during the conference as well as manuscript reviewers for these proceedings manuscripts. Our thanks go to the able chairpersons of the conference sessions and patient reviewers of the manuscripts. The organizing committee and the editors of these Proceedings thank all of our colleagues for their presentations which made the meeting a success. Special thanks go to the invited speaker Dr. Allen Cembella for summary report of this conference. We, the Local Organizing Committee and the Conference Secretariat, including three host organizations, extend our appreciations to all participants for their attendance and presentations. Hak Gyoon Kim Ph D, Convener Table of Contents Conference Hosts and Sponsors Conference Organization Committees Harmful Algae 2012 Reviewers 15th ICHA 2012 Korea Attendees Photographs Key Note HABs in a changing world: a perspective on harmful algal blooms, their impacts, and research and management in a dynamic era of climactic and environmental change Donald M. Anderson Plenary Looking back into the future of harmful algal blooms and HAB research Barrie Dale Harm from the benthos: old and new challenges for HAB research and management Adriana Zingone Regional events and trends, biogeography, and novel and alien species 29. Evaluation of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in a tropical bay of the Mexican Pacific Ma. Eugenia Zamudio-Resendiz, David González-Rivas, and M. Esther Meave del Castillo 20. Potentially toxic microalgae in a subtropical estuary and adjacent coast in Brazil with emphasis on the new record of Nodularia spumigena (320 S; 520 W) Lumi Haraguchi and Clarisse Odebrecht 2- Red tide outbreaks in Alexandria (Egypt) waters: Invasive harmful species Samia K. Mikhail and Wagdy Labib 10- Accumulation and transformation of paralytic shellfish toxin by the pen shell Atrina pectinata Hiroshi Oikawa1 and Yukihiko Matsuyama 42. Recent HAB events in Ha Long Bay (Vietnam): Increase in frequency, harmful effects associated with increased eutrophication Nguyen Van Nguyen, Le Thanh Tung, Dao Duy Thu, Luu Xuan Hoa, Nguyen Van Thoa, Nguyen Cong Thanh, Nguyen Hoang Minh, and Yasuwo Fukuyo HAB monitoring, modeling, and prediction 51. Phytoplankton variability modulation by the hydrodynamic regime in Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean). A combined experimental and modelling study Elisa Berdalet, Mireia L. Artigas, Clara Llebot, Oliver N. Ross, Andrea B. Hoyer, Norma Z. Neszi, Jaume Piera, Francisco Rueda, and Marta Estrada 53. Comparative studies on phytoplankton dynamics and bio-optics for HAB monitoring in the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean Julia A. Busch, Allan D. Cembella, Margarita Fernández-Tejedor, Jorge Diogéne, and Oliver Zielinski 24. AFLP reveals intraspecific variations in geographically diverse Ostreopsis cf. ovata populations Anna Italiano, Davide Di Cioccio, Marco Borra, Elio Biffali, Gabriele Procaccini, and Adriana Zingone 32. A Regional Comparison of Upwelling, Coastal Land Use Patterns, and HAB Hotspots Along the California Coast Raphael Kudela, Clarissa Anderson, Drew Lucas, Dave Caron, Burt Jones, Gaurav Sukhatme, Chris Scholin, John Ryan, Jim Birch, Kanna Rajan, G Jason Smith, Yi Chao, and Greg Doucette 8- Preliminary studies on HAB monitoring in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea using remote sensing data from ocean color sensor MODIS Mohammad Seddiq Mortazavi, Samad Hamzei and Abbas Ali Motallebi 6- Risk Stratification of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) in Shellfish of the Gulf of Thailand Kanitha Srisuksawad , Boonsom Porntepkasemsan , and Narumol Kornkanitnan 12. Phytoplankton bloom strategies and constraints on predicting outbreaks Tim Wyatt and Adriana Zingone Population dynamics of Harmful Algal Blooms including climate changes 25. Ocean acidification will not deliver us from Ostreopsis Davide Di Cioccio, Maria Cristina Buia and Adriana Zingone 18. Exploring the conditions leading to an exceptional early bloom of Dinophysis acuminata in northwest Spain during 2012 Patricio A. Díaz, Beatriz Reguera, Laura Escalera, Yolanda Pazos, Manuel Varela, and Manuel Ruiz-Villarreal 40- Spring-neap tidal and circadian variability in the distribution of two groups of Pseudo-nitzschia species in an upwelling-influenced estuary Patricio A. Díaz, Beatriz Reguera, Lourdes Velo-Suarez, Isabel Ramilo, Patrick Gentien, Michel Lunven, Liam Fernand, Robin Raine, and Manuel Ruiz-Villarreal 37. Alexandrium catenella cyst distribution and germination in Puget Sound, WA USA Cheryl L. Greengrove, Julie E. Masura, Stephanie K. Moore, Brian D. Bill, Levi R. Hay, Neil S. Banas, Eric P. Salathe Jr., Nathan J. Mantua, Donald M. Anderson, Vera L. Trainer, and John E. Stein 48. The relationship between harmful algal blooms and cyst germination in Korean waters Myung-Soo Han and Bum Soo Park 22.Climate change and eutrophication of coastal waters: Gyeonggi Bay long-term surveys Roksana Jahan and Joong Ki Choi 41. Estimating the effects of ocean -induced behavioral shifts on primary production of Heterosigma akashiwo Hyewon Kim and Susanne Menden-Deuer 28. Co-occurrence of toxic dinoflagellates Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum and Gymnodinium catenatum in Acapulco Bay, Mexico Esther Meave del Castillo. and Eugenia Zamudio-Resendiz 39. Feeding behaviour of Fragilidium cf. duplocampanaeforme and F. subglobosum on four Dinophysis species Francisco Rodríguez, Pilar Rial, Beatriz Reguera, Pilar Riobó, José M. Franco, and Isabel Bravo 34. Differential effects of algal toxins on grazing by the copepod Acartia tonsa Patricia A. Tester, Erik D. Davenport, Rebecca J. Waggett, Jiarong Hong, Siddharth Talapatra, Joseph Katz, and Allen R. Place Taxonomy, systematic and phylogeny 14. Lectin Binding in Marine Raphidophytes Anette Engesmo, Wenche Eikrem, Carmelo R Tomas, and Richard M Dillamann 54. Algicidal effects on gene transcriptions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP90 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Ruoyu Guo, Vinitha Ebenezer, Min-Ah Lee, and Jang-Seu Ki 5- Growth response of Pseudo-nitzschia circumpora (Bacillariophyceae) to different salinities Hong-Chang Lim, Sing-Tung Teng, Chui-Pin Leaw, Siti-Zubaidah binti Kamarudin, and Po-Teen Lim 11. Identification of carbohydrates binding to FITC-conjugated in different species of the genus Dinophysis Nicolás Raho, David Jaén, Francisco Rodríguez, Beatriz Reguera, Luz Mamán, and Irma Marín 15- Does the pinnatoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Vulcanodinium rugosum, comprise a species complex? Kirsty Smith, Lesley Rhodes, Andy Selwood, Gustaaf Hallegraeff, Shoichiro Suda, and Haifeng Gu 16- Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in Malaysia: a record of taxa from field investigations Sing-Tung Teng, Po-Teen Lim, Hong-Chang Lim, and Chui-Pin Leaw 4-The dinophycean genus Azadinium and related species – morphological and molecular characterization, biogeography, and toxins Urban Tillmann, Malte Elbrächter, Marc Gottschling, Haifeng Gu, Hae Jin Jeong, Bernd Krock, Elisabeth Nézan, Éric Potvin, Rafael Salas, and Sylvia Soehner 27. Proliferation of 5-hydroxymethyl uracil in the genomes of dinoflagellates is synapomorphic to dinokaryon containing species Ernest P. Williams and Allen R. Place 19. Evaluation of LDH-release assay for the detection and analysis of cellular level toxic potential of HAB species Yanan Zou, Daekyung Kim, Yasuhiro Yamasaki, Kenichi Yamaguchi, and Tatsuya Oda Toxin chemistry and toxicity 52- Application of a Receptor Binding Assay (RBA) to the analyses of PSP toxins in four species of shellfish in El Salvador Oscar Amaya, Gerardo Ruiz, Wilfredo Rivera, and Jaime Espinoza 1.The toxicity of pinnatoxins Rex Munday, Andy Selwood, Lesley Rhodes, Kirsty Smith, Shoichiro Suda, and Haifeng Gu 7- Qualitative and quantitative assessment of marine biotoxins in shellfish of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Mohammad Seddiq Mortazavi, Salim Sharifian, S and Ali Aramideh. 30. Sorting the Fatty Acid Chaff from the Toxin Wheat, or is it All Wheat? Assigning Dinoflagellate PKS genes to Toxin Synthesis Allen Place 4. The dinophycean genus Azadinium and related species -morphological and molecular characterization, biogeography, and toxins Urban Tillmann, Malte Elbrächter, Marc Gottschling, Haifeng Gu, Hae Jin Jeong, Bernd Krock, Elisabeth Nézan, Éric Potvin, Rafael Salas, and Sylvia Soehner Cyanophyceae, and freshwater algal blooms 49. Environmental factors that influence freshwater cyanobacterial populations in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA. Kileigh Browning, Elizabeth Fensin, and Brant Touchette 21. Microcystin-encoding gene cluster in Synechococcus strain isolated from Great Mazurian Lakes Aleksandra Bukowska1, Anna Karnkowska-Ishikawa and Iwona Jasser 44. Control of Microcystis aeruginosa bloom by using of microorganisms in waters of reed community and water plant bed Ichiro Imai, Kouhei Ohgi, Sachio Mizuhara, Atsushi Yamaguchi, and Masahide Kaeriyama 3- Blooms of the colonial green algae Botryococcus braunii Kützing associated with massive fish mortality in Nozha Lake, Alexandria, Egypt Wagdy Labib, Samia K. Mikhail, Ahmed M. Kassem, Magdy El Kassas, and Mahmoud M. Ahmed 17- Occurrence of red coloured Planktohrix (Cyanophyta) species in Estonian lakes Aimar Rakko and Ingmar Ott Impacts of HABs , management and mitigation of HABs 36. Extended blooms of Karenia concordia and other harmful algae from 2009 to 2011 in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand F. Hoe Chang and A. Brett Mullan 31. Heterosigma akashiwo in the Salish Sea: Defining growth and toxicity leading to fish kills William P. Cochlan, Vera L. Trainer, Charles G. Trick, Mark L. Wells, Brian D. Bill, and Bich-Thuy L. Eberhart 45. Efficacy of Microcystis aeruginosa removal in deionized and brackish water Natalya D. Gallo, Rebecca H. Certner, Neelam Parikh, Haena Cho, Alexander Gibbons, Christine Kim, Tina Liu, Hannah Miller, Taylor Throwe, Matthew Wooten, David A. Vanko, and Kevin G. Sellner 33. The effects of light, temperature and nutrient stress on laboratory cultures of Heterosigma akashiwo from Puget Sound, Washington, USA Christopher E. Ikeda, Julian Herndon, Itamar Y. Gnatt, and William P. Cochlan 38. Thalassorheology: cultures of harmful algae and bacteria increase or reduce laminar-flow viscosity depending on length scale Ian R. Jenkinson and Jun Sun 46. HAB mitigation strategies in Korea and eco-friendly new initiatives Hak-Gyoon Kim 13. Introduction of harmful dinoflagellates through ship traffic: Differences between the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Canada Suzanne Roy, Marie Parenteau, Oscar Casas-Monroy, and André Rochon 9- Turbulence, Shear Stress, and Toxicity in Heterosigma akashiwo Brian Sutton-Quaid and Charles G. Trick 47. Exploration of Phoslock® clay in mitigating Prymnesium parvum fish-killing algal blooms in aquaculture ponds Andreas Seger, Adam Body, and Gustaaf Hallegraeff 26. Beyond the Bloom: Using a Socio-Ecological Systems Framework to Investigate Stakeholder Response to Harmful Algal Bloom Management in the Chesapeake Bay, USA Elizabeth Van Dolah, Michael Paolisso, Kevin Sellner, and Allen Place