PROJECT 2 FINAL REPORT
Keith Means
Joe Velesig
Carrie Tedesco
December 9, 2011
Team 2
Abstract
As our second project for the semester we were confronted with an assignment to improve the
functioning of a printer. Our task is to develop a device that can read the velocity of the paper
that’s moving through by the printer’s internal rollers. Knowing the velocity of the paper can
prevent many problems such as “paper jams” and misalignment. Generating many different
solutions we decided on a final design that would be a device that uses a light source that can
detect the velocity of the specific paper. Meaning that the paper can be of any texture and size
and its velocity can still be read from the device. As a team we believe that our design should be
independent, user friendly, flexible, and durable. We determined these four customers’ needs
categories by external research. By using internet research and methods of dissection we have
learned more about the body and interior of the printer, which allowed us to develop better ideas
for our printer prototype.
1.0 Introduction
Printers are and have been an excellent invention for hundreds of years from when the first printing press was
used. As mechanics and knowledge developed printers that we are more familiar with became high in demand. This
report is a complete layout of our own ideas, our customer’s ideas, and how we implemented those ideas into one
final and complete design of a modern printer. We believe that our design is most efficient and we prove this
through rankings and calculations. The conceptual designs we chose were based off AHP charts, Pugh charts, and
morphological charts. Through our labs, research and thought development we gathered detailed information that
helped us with our final design as well. The information that was gathered can also be found within these pages. For
visual understanding drawings of our concepts are posted in the appendix and their descriptions will be under their
appropriate sections. Photos of our final design of the electric toothbrush are also attached to this report.
1.1 Initial Problem Statement
For this project we were asked to design a device that can detect the velocity of a normal sheet of paper moving
through a simple paper path. This is an issue because incorrect velocity measurement can lead to printing errors or
the dreaded paper jam. The velocity of the sheet has to be within the range of 250 to 750 mm/s. Because printer
velocity can vary for several different reasons, it is important that the measured velocity is within 0.25% tolerance
[1].
1
2.0 Customer Needs Assessment
Our customer needs assessment is directed toward a very specific niche market. Owners of large printers have a
very specific set of needs for their printing devices. These focus on durability, independence, flexibility, and user
friendliness. All of these features are very important to anyone who uses these printers on a regular basis. After
conducting research online through various printer related sites, we were able to determine the most common
problems regarding the paper sensors that large printers tend to have. Obviously our goal is to address these
problems in order to give the customer a high quality product.
Table 1. Initial Customer Needs List Obtained from Focus Group and Individual
Interviews
Customer Needs
Velocity measurement is independent from the drive rolls.
Velocity measurement is independent from the thickness of the paper.
Velocity measurement is independent from the diameter of the drive
rolls.
Velocity measurement is independent from the finish of the paper.
Velocity measurement is independent from the length and width of the
paper.
8.5″×11″ paper size.
Sensor must be Durable
Sensor must stay clean
Sensor must be cost effective
Must work with paper that contains slight imperfections
Must work in direct sunlight
Hardware must be override-able if sensor stops working
The sheet velocity will be between 250 to 750 mm/s.
The paper stock velocity needs to be measured within a tolerance of
±0.25%
The measurement system will not change the speed of the paper.
Must be easy to clear paper jams
2
Table 2. Hierarchal Customer Needs List Obtained from Focus Group and Individual
Interviews
1. Independent
1.1. Velocity measurement is independent from the drive
rolls.
1.2. Velocity measurement is independent from the
thickness of the paper.
1.3. Velocity measurement is independent from the diameter
of the drive rolls.
1.4. Velocity measurement is independent from the finish of
the paper.
1.5. Velocity measurement is independent from the length
and width of the paper.
1.6. The measurement system will not change the speed of
the paper.
2. User friendly
2.1. Sensor must be cost effective
2.2. Must be easy to clear paper jams
2.3. Must work in direct sunlight
2.4. 8.5″×11″ paper size.
3. Flexible
3.1. The paper stock velocity needs to be measured within a
tolerance of ±0.25%
3.2. Hardware must be override-able if sensor stops working
3.3. Must work with paper that contains slight imperfections
3.4. The sheet velocity will be between 250 to 750 mm/s.
4. Durable
4.1. Sensor must stay clean
4.2. Sensor must be Durable
2.1 Weighting of Customer Needs
After research and developing new ideas, the next step is to weigh which design/feature is more important and
would be most efficient in cost of production and time to create. In designing a product, one wants to add more
designs, but in reality not every feature can be added to one product. Below are the weighted main objective
categories that we as a team believe are most important in comparison to the features that are not. The higher the
weighted value, the more vital the feature would be to the product.
3
Figure 1. AHP Pairwise Comparison Chart to Determine Weighting for Main Objective
Categories
independent from drive rolls
independent from paper thickness
independent from diameter of drive rolls
independent from paper finish
independent from paper length and width
will not change paper speed
cost effective
easy to clear paper jams
works in direct sunlight
8.5″×11″ paper size
Velocity accurate to ±0.25%
Override-able
Compatible with imperfect paper
Velocity between 250-750 mm/s
Stays clean
Durable
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Total
Weight
A
1.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 0.33 2.00 1.00 9.00 3.00 0.50 5.00 3.00 2.00 7.00 2.00
49.83
0.10
B
0.20 1.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 2.00 0.33 0.50 7.00 1.00 0.25 3.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 1.00
37.28
0.07
C
0.50 0.33 1.00 2.00 3.00 0.33 0.25 0.50 9.00 2.00 0.33 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00
33.24
0.07
D
0.33 0.33 0.50 1.00 3.00 0.50 0.50 0.33 7.00 3.00 0.33 5.00 2.00 2.00 5.00 2.00
32.82
0.07
E
0.25 0.20 0.33 0.33 1.00 0.25 0.25 0.20 9.00 1.00 0.20 3.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00
23.01
0.05
F
3.00 0.50 3.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 2.00 9.00 5.00 0.33 5.00 5.00 3.00 7.00 3.00
56.83
0.11
G
0.50 3.00 4.00 2.00 5.00 0.25 1.00 5.00 7.00 3.00 0.20 0.33 1.00 1.00 3.00 0.50
36.78
0.07
H
1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 0.50 0.20 1.00 9.00 0.14 1.00 2.00 3.00 0.33 2.00 0.20
32.37
0.06
I
0.11 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.11 1.00 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.20 0.11 0.25 0.33
3.34
0.01
J
0.33 1.00 0.50 0.33 1.00 0.20 0.33 7.00 5.00 1.00 0.50 3.00 2.00 0.33 5.00 3.00
30.52
0.06
K
2.00 4.00 3.00 0.33 5.00 3.00 5.00 1.00 7.00 2.00 1.00 7.00 5.00 0.50 3.00 3.00
51.83
0.10
L
0.20 0.33 0.25 0.20 0.33 0.20 3.00 0.50 7.00 0.33 0.14 1.00 3.00 0.33 7.00 3.00
26.81
0.05
M
0.33 0.50 0.33 0.50 0.50 0.20 1.00 0.33 5.00 0.50 0.20 0.33 1.00 0.50 5.00 2.00
18.22
0.04
N
0.50 0.33 0.33 0.50 1.00 0.33 1.00 3.00 9.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 7.00 5.00
38.99
0.08
O
0.14 0.20 0.33 0.20 0.33 0.14 0.33 0.50 4.00 0.20 0.33 0.14 0.20 0.14 1.00 3.00
11.18
0.02
P
0.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.33 2.00 5.00 3.00 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.50 0.20 0.33 1.00
17.35
0.03
500.40
4
Table 3. Weighted Hierarchal Customer Needs List
1. Independent (0.352)
1.1. Velocity measurement is independent from the drive rolls (0.1)
1.2. Velocity measurement is independent from the thickness of the
paper (0.075)
1.3. Velocity measurement is independent from the diameter of the
drive rolls (0.066)
1.4. Velocity measurement is independent from the finish of the paper
(0.066)
1.5. Velocity measurement is independent from the length and width of
the paper (0.046)
1.6. The measurement system will not change the speed of the paper
(0.114)
2. User friendly (0.319)
2.1. Sensor must be cost effective (0.074)
2.2. Must be easy to clear paper jams (0.065)
2.3. Must work in direct sunlight (0.007)
2.4. 8.5″×11″ paper size (0.061)
3. Flexible (0.271)
3.1. The paper stock velocity needs to be measured within a tolerance
of ±0.25% (0.104)
3.2. Hardware must be override-able if sensor stops working (0.054)
3.3. Must work with paper that contains slight imperfections (0.036)
3.4. The sheet velocity will be between 250 to 750 mm/s (0.078)
4. Durable (0.057)
4.1. Sensor must stay clean (0.022)
4.2. Sensor must be Durable (0.035)
3.0 Revised Problem Statement
After conducting research, we have come to several concepts regarding our product design. In order to design the
most efficient and best possible laser printer specifically for business and office use, we have decided to incorporate
several of our own ideas, as well as ideas found in other products. We have decided that the best design must strike a
balance between being an independent laser, user friendly, flexible, and durable.
4.0 External Search
In order to better understand the process and functions of the laser printer our team conducted a variety of
external research tasks. Using the internet we were able to research information on the history, improvements, and
problems with the advances of the printer, which would lead to our external research. We also will be attending a
trip to gather more visual learning and hands-on experience with laser printers.
4.1 Literature Review
With extensive research on the history, functions, and problems with printers; our team was able to brainstorm
and develop different designs to fix the problems of the common paper-jams and misalignment. Modern day printers
are either inkjet or laser, but the first printer invented used a dry printing process called electro-photography, also
called a Xerox. These printers then set the foundations for the technology of laser printers today [2]. Two printer
5
types of popular printers are inkjet and laser printers, where laser printers use a beam of light to make prints while
inkjets use tiny jets of ink that get distributed [3].
Commons problems that happen daily with computers are paper-jams which are caused when the rollers have
different rotational velocities. There are usually two rollers involved with the feeding and movement of paper used
in the printing process. These rollers should maintain the same velocities, but when one roller’s velocity differs from
the others the paper does a back and worth or “tug-of-war” movement and causes the entire process to be haywire
[1]. As a solution to these problems we are implementing a device that can use laser radar in order to measure the
velocity of each roller so that the paper moves at the same speed throughout the process and this “tug-of-war” action
does not occur. Because a laser printer already has all the components that work with the laser used for creating the
prints, adding another laser to determine velocity would be efficient and most beneficial.
4.2 Patent Search
This particular part of our external research helps us develop and generate new concepts from old and existing
ones. The patent search also helps explain the functions and importance of specific parts.
Table 4. Art-Function Matrix for Xerox Laser Printer
Function
Control printer
Move paper
Sense speed
Printer software system
US 4667208
Art
Rollers
Laser
Data Converter
US 4838719
US 6220686 B1
US 7832822 B2
Calculate speed
US 2004/0156666
After conducting a thorough patent search [4-7], several important things were learned. Our team gained
knowledge of Laser Doppler Spedometry, or LDS. We would go on to use this type of sensor in our final design. We
also learned about different paper paths and also roller setup and user inputs. After considering all of the patents, it
was clear that some of the patents would have a large influence over our final design, while others would have little
to no influence.
4.3 Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the comparison of existing products and their functions to evaluate their efficiency. Using this
information, it will be possible to create a printer with the best possible features. Below are pictures of the products
being compared in the benchmarking table.
In the benchmarking table below, we compared five different printers by the many features that are included in
the product. There are five features that we used to compare which printer would be the best, and we ranked them on
a scale of 1 to 5 (5 being the best and 1 being the worst). These rankings were pulled from the information posted on
the Consumer Reports website. For a CR rating of “excellent,” the feature received a ranking of 5 in the table below.
For a rating of “good,” the feature received a ranking of 4. For a rating of “fair,” the feature received a ranking of 3.
For a rating of “poor,” the feature received a ranking of 2. The last row includes the sum of all the values of each
row in order to see which printer maintains the best features and in the most efficient way. Therefore, one can
determine which printer would be the best out of the five by looking at the last column. In this case, the Dell 2155cn
Color Printer is the product that maintains the best features [8].
6
Table 5. Benchmarking of Five Products
Feature
Price
Text Quality
Text Speed
Graphics Quality
8 x10 Photo Time
∑ evaluations
Dell 2155cn
Color
3
5
4
5
5
22
Dell 2355dn
B&W
2
5
4
3
N/A
14
Brother MFC7360N B&W
4
5
4
3
N/A
15
Figure 2 Dell 2155cn Color [9]
HP LaserJet Pro
M1212nf B&W
5
5
5
4
N/A
19
Samsung SCX4623FW B&W
4
5
5
3
N/A
17
Figure 3 Dell 2355dn B&W [10]
Figure 4 Brother MFC-7360N B&W [11]
Figure 5 HP LaserJet Pro M1212nf B&W [12]
Figure 6 Samsung SCX-4623FW B&W [13]
7
4.4 Product Dissection
Our team learned a great deal by dissecting a small printer and partially dissecting a large Xerox machine. Both
of these machines were much more complicated than the toothbrush that we dissected previously. Throughout the
dissection we learned that a large variety of materials are used throughout the design of the printer. We also learned
that a variety of roller types were used in the different printers. In one of the dissected printers, it seems that a plastic
disk attached to the roller was used to determine speed. This design seemed inadequate to our team because of the
possibility of inaccuracies and also the possibility of paper jams due to incorrect reading form the sensor within the
roller. This is one of the reasons that we decided that laser technology would be a good method to investigate for
speed measurement. A system using lasers should also be much more durable than a plastic disc that is constantly
making contact with the sensor. This is another reason that we wanted to investigate more technologically advanced
solutions to the speed measurement problem. Photos taken during the process of dissection can be seen in Appendix
A.
5.0 Concept Generation
This section of the report contains the explanations and descriptions of the generated concepts. The EMS chart
below shows that adding our particular design concept to the “system” will prevent the flaws that occur in modern
laser printers.
5.1 Problem Clarification (EMS)
The EMS model created for the Xerox project attempts to illustrate the entire model using the inputs and outputs
given. Our design uses LDS technology in the sensor. While this technology is extremely accurate, it will only be so
for regular, non-glossy paper. While this is not an issue for many of our clients, who will mostly be using this
sprinter for documents, it is still important for us to improve this issue of our design. To remedy this problem we
will be adding to our user input interface. An addition of a selectable paper type setting will allow the user to specify
the type of paper to the printer before printing occurs. This change in use interface will be accompanied by a change
in software that will allow the LDS sensor to adapt to the different paper types. In the initial design, the only input
into the sensor was electricity. In the improved design, user input will also feed into the sensor in the form of
selecting the paper type. Another EMS model with the addition of User Input can be found in Appendix B.
Figure 1: EMS Model with no Consideration of User Input
Regular Paper
Glossy Paper
Electricity
Sensor
Printer
Mechanism
Paper
Drive
Mechanism
8
Printed
Page
5.2 Concept Generation
We utilized the TRIZ matrix to refine our preliminary design concept. TRIZ is a tool used to brainstorm
improvements to an aspect of a design while limiting any undesired effects from the improvement. We selected as
our feature to improve the accuracy of measurement, in order to fix the problem of the LDS sensor on the glossy
paper. The undesired result that conflicted with the improvement was an increase in the complexity of the device.
One of the principles that TRIZ returned for us to use to improve the design was number 10: Preliminary Action. As
a result, we decided to add a user input to tell the printer what type of paper is being used (e.g. glossy vs. regular).
Using the technique of SCAMPER for our TRIZ generated idea, we used the concept of adaptation to adapt our
current user control in order to input the paper type. This will be done by adding to the existing software and adding
an extra button to select paper type, using the existing arrow buttons to scroll through paper types. The software will
be modified to accept the input from the LDS sensor when glossy paper is being used in the printer.
Sketches of generated concepts for the morphological charts can be found in Appendix C with brief descriptions
of each sketch. More information for the Morphological Chart that coincides with the sketches of our concepts is
found below.
Table 6: Table of Morphological Concepts
Concept 1
Concept 2
Concept 3
Concept 4
Rollers
Rubber
Speed
Sensor
Rollers
Texturized Metal
Height-Variable
Paper Path
Vertical
Horizontal
Speed Sensor
In Rollers
Regular Lasers
User Input
Button & Touch
Touch
Inclined
Declined
LDS
Laser/Roller
Button
Computer
6.0 Concept Selection
To determine which concept would be best for our prototype, generated concepts were put into a morphological
chart which resulted in Pugh charts to make a final decision. The final Pugh Charts were then developed and are
listed below.
Ind. from paper thickness (0.075)
ind. from paper finish (0.066)
cost effective (0.074)
Compatible with imperfect paper (0.036)
Velocity between 250-750 mm/s (0.078)
Durable (0.035)
Total
Rank
Rollers
Rubber
Speed Sensor Rollers
Texturized M etal
Height-variable
Rubber
Speed Sensor Rollers
Texturized M etal
Height-variable
Ind. from drive rolls (0.100)
Table 7: Pugh Chart for Roller Concept Generation
0
-1
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
1
1
1
-1
-1
0
1
0
-1
0
-1
0
-1
0
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
1
-1
0
-1
0
-1
1
0
-1
-1
0
-1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
-1
1
0
-1
-1
0
-1
0
-0.158
0.072
-0.065
-0.072
-0.308
0
-0.136
2
4
1
3
2
4
1
3
9
Ind. from paper thickness (0.075)
ind. from diameter of drive rolls (0.066)
ind. from paper length and width (0.046)
will not change paper speed (0.114)
cost effective (0.074)
easy to clear paper jams (0.065)
works in direct sunlight (0.007)
Velocity accurate to ±0.25% (0.104)
Compatible with imperfect paper (0.036)
Velocity between 250-750 mm/s (0.078)
Stays clean (0.022)
Durable (0.035)
Total
Rank
S peed S ensor
In rollers
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
Reg. Lasers
1
1
1
-1
-1
1
-1
1
-1
0
-1
0
-1
1
0.204
2
LDS
1
1
1
-1
0
1
-1
1
-1
1
-1
0
-1
1
0.354
1
Laser/roller
0
1
0
0
0
0
-1
0
-1
1
0
0
-1
0
0.076
3
In rollers
-1
-1
-1
1
1
-1
1
-1
1
0
1
0
1
-1
-0.139
3
Reg. Lasers
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
LDS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0.14
1
Laser/roller
-1
-1
-1
1
1
-1
-1
-1
1
0
1
0
1
-1
-0.287
4
ind. from paper finish (0.066)
Ind. from drive rolls (0.100)
-1
1
0
0
-1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
10
Total
Rank
Stays clean (0.022)
8.5″×11″ paper size (0.061)
Vertical
Horizontal
Inclined
Declined
easy to clear paper jams (0.065)
Paper Path
Vertical
Horizontal
Inclined
Declined
will not change paper speed (0.114)
Table 8: Pugh Chart for Paper Path Concept Generation
1 -0.157
1 0.201
0
0
0
0
4
1
2
2
0
0
-1
-1
0
0.179
0.157
0.157
4
1
2
2
Table 9: Pugh Chart for Speed Sensor Concept Generation
cost effective (0.074)
easy to clear paper jams (0.065)
Override-able (0.054)
Stays clean (0.022)
Durable (0.035)
Total
Rank
Table 10: Table for User Input Concept Generation
Button & Touch
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Touch
1
-1
0
1
1
0.066
1
Button
1
-1
0
1
1
0.066
1
Computer
1
-1
-1
1
1
0.012
2
-1
1
1
0
-1
0.022
3
Touch
0
0
0
0
0
0.066
2
Button
1
0
0
1
1
0.131
1
Computer
1
-1
-1
1
1
0.012
4
User Input
Button & Touch
After analysis of Pugh Charts and our Morphological Charts the final concept selected for the design of the
printer will be the adding an LDS sensor, metal rollers, a user input button, and a horizontal paper path. With further
study the type of material being using for construction of our prototype will be discussed in section seven.
7.0 Final Design
At this point our final design has focused on the rollers and their materials. Further development will focus on
other aspects of the printer, including the LDS speed detection system, paper path, and user input. See Appendix D
and Appendix E for final design and prototype drawings.
7.1 Materials and Material Selection
After considering several options for our roller material, we deemed some form of metal to be the best option.
This would allow us to have excellent durability and also the option of recyclability. To determine the type of metal
we turned to the sustainability tool found in the SolidWorks modeling program. This tool allowed us to compare
many different metals to determine the one that is best suited for our application. We narrowed our search down to
aluminum and titanium. Aluminum is better for the environment in the categories of carbon footprint, energy use,
and water use. Titanium is more sustainable for the air. The other main difference between the two materials is the
cost. While aluminum costs about $0.95 per pound, Titanium costs about $18 per pound. This made either choice
quite clear to us. We decided that we would choose aluminum as the material to make the rollers with. This would
minimize environmental impact and give our customers a significant cost savings. See Appendix D for sustainability
analyses.
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7.2 List of Materials
By using Solid Works database and finding the Sustainability of different materials. We were able to determine
the materials that would be most durable and cost effective to produce our printer. Below is a list of materials for the
printer rollers, the LDS laser, and the printer itself (material used for exterior).
Table 7: List of Materials
QTY
Description
Catalogue
Number
Vendor
Cost
1
Aluminum Bar
Stock (1’’x72’’)
High Density
Polyethylene Plastic
Violet Laser
t61r1x.083-72
SpeedyMetals.com
[14]
IndustrialPlastic
Supply.com [15]
Edmund Scientifics
[16]
Total Cost
$51.26
6
1
HDPE062
3151359
$5.25x6
$119.95
$459.01
Table 8: Contact Information for Suppliers
Speedy Metals - Milwaukee
2505 S. 162nd Street (Map)
New Berlin, WI 53151
Phone: 262-784-4140
Industrial Supply.Com
866-832-9315
Edmund Scientifics, Division of
VWR Education, LLC
60 Pearce Ave. • Tonawanda, NY
14150
7.3 Cost and Life Cycle Cost
Our printer design was geared to a customer base that values not only initial cost but also the total cost over the
life of the machine. For this reason, we chose to use higher quality materials even if this meant higher initial costs.
For example, we chose to make the rollers out of aluminium. This will allow for much higher durability, although
the initial cost will be higher than for rubber rollers. We feel that the increase in durability will outweigh initial costs
and save our customers money in the long run. This attempt at long run savings is how we justified our somewhat
high spending on our materials. The life cycle costs of the machine should be relatively small due to the durability of
the parts. Our parts are also easily replaceable, so if a part does wear out, the user will be able to replace one part,
rather than the entire printer. These principles will also add to the sustainability of our overall design.
8.0 How does it work and conclusions
At this point our final design has focused on the rollers and their materials. Further development will focus on
other aspects of the printer, including the LDS speed detection system, paper path, and user input. These features
will all be designed to meet our specific customer needs and also to reduce environmental impact. By incorporation
LDS technology with sustainable design practices, we feel that we were able to develop a concept that will satisfy
all customers.
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References
[1] Handout. Digital Printing Design System Fall 2011, EDSGN 100 Design Project. pg.3. 3 November
2011.
[2] Bellis, Mary. About.com. History of Computer Printers.http://inventors.about.com
/library/inventors/blcomputer_printers.htm. 3 November 2011.
[3] Harris, Tom. How Stuff Works. How Laser Printers Work. http://computer. howstuffworks.com/laserprinter2.htm. 3 November 2011.
[4] Kiyama, Kota, et al. Ink Jet Printing Apparatus and Method for Controlling Print Position on Deflected
Print Medium. Google Patents. http://www.google.com/patents ?id=co3q AAAAEBAJ&printse
c=drawing&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false. 10 November 2011.
[5] Ludi, Manfred, et al. Measurement of Paper Speed using Laser Speckle Detection. Google Patents.
http:/ /www.google.com/patents/about?id=AaIFAAAAEBAJ. 13 November 2011.
[6] Ouchi, Tetsuya, et al. Printer and Printing Method. Google Patents. http://www.google. com/ patents/
about?id =HACVAAAAEBAJ. 13 November 2011.
[7] Shiraki, Makoto, et al. Control System for a Color Printer. Google Patents. http://www.google.com
/patents?id =e2ouAAAAEBAJ&printsec= drawing&zoom= 4#v= onepage&q&f=false. 3 November 2011.
[8] Consumer Reports. ConsumerReports.org. http://www.consumerreports.org/ cro/products/compare.htm.
16 November 2011.
[9] “Dell 2155cn Multifunction Color Laser Printer W/Networking & Duplexer.” Kaboodle.com
<http://www.kaboodle.com/reviews/dell-2155cn-multifunction-color-laser-printer-w-networking-duplexer> 5
December 2011.
[10] “Dell 2355dn Multifunction Mono Laser Printer.” PCMag.com
<http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2375556,00.asp > 5 December 2011.
[11] “Brother MFC-7360N Printers.” BarcodeDiscount.com <
http://www.barcodediscount.com/catalog/brother/mfc-7360n.htm> 5 December 2011.
[12] “HP LaserJet Pro M1212nf review.” TrustedReviews.com < http://www.trustedreviews.com/HPLaserJet-Pro-M1212nf_Printer_review> 5 December 2011.
[13] “Samsung SCX-4623FW.” TechSpot.com < http://www.techspot.com/products/printers/samsung-scx4623fw.50691/> 5 December 2011.
[14] Aluminum Round Tube. Speedy Metals. http://www.speedymetals.com/c-8371-round-tube.aspx. 5
December 2011.
[15] Polyethylene hdpe sheet. Industrial Plastic Supply. http://www.iplasticsupply.com/shoppingcart/polyethylene-hdpe-ldpe-sheet/. 5 December 2011.
[16] Violet Laser Pointer. Scientifics Online. http://www.scientificsonline.com/violet-laserpointer.html?cm_mmc=Mercent-_-Google-_-NULL-_-3151359&mr:trackingCode=25F0D520-93B2-DE11-AC14002219318F67&mr:referralID=NA&origin=pla&mr:adType=pla&gclid=CIygy86v66wCFcbd4AodcE9RNw. 5
December 2011.
13
Appendix A
Pictures of the many parts dissected from printers from section 4.4.
\
14
15
Note: Here shows the current speed sensor for the laser printer.
Appendix B
EMS Model with the updated inputs in comparison to the EMS Model in Section 5.1.
Electricity
Sensor
Printer
Mechanism
User Input
Drive
Mechanism
Paper
16
Printed
Page
Appendix C
Photos for morphological chart in Section 5.2
17
18
19
20
Appendix D
From Section 7.1 Analysis for Material Sustainability.
21
From Section 7.1 The Sustainability Analysis for LDS
MTV Engineering
University Park PA , 16802
Manufacturing Region
The choice of manufacturing region determines the energy
sources and technologies used in the modeled material
creation and manufacturing steps of the product’s life cycle.
Use Region
The use region is used to determine the energy sources
consumed during the product’s use phase (if applicable) and
the destination for the product at its end-of-life. Together with
the manufacturing region, the use region is also used to
estimate the environmental impacts associated with
transporting the product from its manufacturing location to its
use location.
Sustainability Report
Model Name:
Laser and Base Assembly
Energy Usage:
Amount:
None
n/a
Volume:
Surface
Area:
Weight:
Environmental Impact
22
34341.23 mm³
9278.60 mm²
92.72 g
Primary Mode of Transportation:
Train
Water Eutrophication
Carbon Footprint
2.72E-4 kg
PO4
2.41E-5 kg
Manufacturing:
PO4
3.31E-5 kg
Use:
PO4
3.18E-6 kg
End of Life:
PO4
Material:
Material:
1.26 kg CO2
Manufacturing: 0.04 kg CO2
Use:
0.05 kg CO2
End of Life:
0.02 kg CO2
1.37 kg CO2
3.33E-4 kg PO4
Air Acidification
7.81E-3 kg
SO2
5.73E-4 kg
Manufacturing:
SO2
4.05E-4 kg
Use:
SO2
2.03E-5 kg
End of Life:
SO2
Total Energy Consumed
Material:
8.81E-3 kg SO2
Material:
15.79 MJ
Manufacturing: 0.44 MJ
Use:
0.68 MJ
End of Life:
0.02 MJ
16.94 MJ
Sustainability Report
Model Name:
Laser and Base Assembly
Energy Usage:
None
Volume:
34341.23 mm³
Primary Mode of Transportation:
Amount:
n/a
Surface Area:
9278.60 mm²
Train
Weight:
92.72 g
23
From Section 7.1 Sustainability Analysis For External Printer Materials
24
25