Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Description: A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils). Large trees: Species DBH(cm) #/ha Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus viminalis Swamp Gum Manna Gum #Spp 1 3 3 12 7 1 10 2 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Bursaria spinosa Acacia verticillata Ozothamnus ferrugineus Leptospermum continentale Pimelea humilis Lissanthe strigosa ssp. subulata Hibbertia riparia Geranium solanderi Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Hydrocotyle foveolata Acaena novae-zelandiae Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Oxalis exilis Viola cleistogamoides Opercularia ovata Austrostipa rudis ssp. nervosa Juncus pallidus Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Lomandra filiformis ssp. coriacea Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Lomandra filiformis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 20% 15% 10% 15% 10% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Black Wattle Sweet Bursaria Prickly Moses Tree Everlasting Prickly Tea-tree Common Rice-flower Peach Heath Erect Guinea-flower Austral Cranesbill Tall Sundew Yellow Pennywort Bidgee-widgee Scented Sundew Shady Wood-sorrel Hidden Violet Broad-leaf Stinkweed Veined Spear-grass Pale Rush Grey Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Stiped Wallaby-grass Wattle Mat-rush Weeping Grass Austral Bracken EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T MH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG Pinus radiata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Juncus microcephalus Briza maxima Aira caryophyllea Common Name Invasive Impact Radiata Pine Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Tiny-headed Rush Large Quaking-grass Silvery Hair-grass high high high high high high high high high low low high high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 7: Clay Heathland Description: Occurs on sites with impeded drainage, often on duplex soils. Dominated by heathy shrub species with or without an eucalypt overstorey. The ground layer is dense and diverse with a variety of landforms. + woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate) Large trees+: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 40 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species 10% Common Name Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus mannifera Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Broad-leaved Peppermint Red Stringybark Brittle Gum #Spp 9 6 3 2 8 4 1 7 2 na na %Cover 30% 10% 5% 1% 10% 10% 5% 10% 5% 10% 10% 75% LF code MS SS PS LH MH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL S/C EVC 7: Clay Heathland Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epacris impressa Leptospermum continentale Banksia marginata Cassinia longifolia Kunzea parvifolia Pimelea humilis Gompholobium huegelii Dillwynia phyllicoides Acrotriche serrulata Bossiaea prostrata Pultenaea procumbens Boronia nana Lagenophora gracilis Gonocarpus tetragynus Hypericum gramineum Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Mitrasacme serpyllifolia Deyeuxia quadriseta Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Gahnia radula Schoenus apogon Poa sieberiana Lepidosperma laterale Themeda triandra Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Caustis flexuosa Echinopogon ovatus MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS PS MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG Common Name Common Heath Prickly Tea-tree Silver Banksia Shiny Cassinia Violet Kunzea Common Rice-flower Common Wedge-pea Small-leaf Parrot-pea Honey-pots Creeping Bossiaea Heathy Bush-pea Dwarf Boronia Slender Bottle-daisy Common Raspwort Small St John's Wort Showy Violet Thyme Mitrewort Reed Bent-grass Small Grass-tree Thatch Saw-sedge Common Bog-sedge Grey Tussock-grass Variable Sword-sedge Kangaroo Grass Weeping Grass Curly Wig Common Hedgehog-grass Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% Cover Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 16: Lowland Forest Description: Eucalypt forest to 25 m tall on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils in areas of relatively high rainfall. Characterised by the diversity of life forms and species in the understorey including a range of shrubs, grasses and herbs. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Understorey: Life form #/ha Messmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp 2 6 3 1 1 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 na %Cover 5% 10% 20% 5% 5% 1% 10% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 5% 1% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 16: Lowland Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pomaderris aspera Acacia dealbata Goodenia ovata Acacia verticillata Pimelea axiflora Olearia phlogopappa Tetratheca ciliata Lomatia ilicifolia Hovea heterophylla Rubus parvifolius Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Lagenophora stipitata Stackhousia monogyna Geranium potentilloides Leptostigma reptans Oxalis exilis Asperula euryphylla var. euryphylla Lomandra longifolia Tetrarrhena juncea Poa ensiformis Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Lepidosperma laterale Poa tenera Pteridium esculentum Calochlaena dubia Lindsaea linearis Cassytha pubescens s.s. Clematis aristata Common Name Hazel Pomaderris Silver Wattle Hop Goodenia Prickly Moses Bootlace Bush Dusty Daisy-bush Pink-bells Holly Lomatia Common Hovea Small-leaf Bramble Ivy-leaf Violet Common Bottle-daisy Creamy Stackhousia Cinquefoil Cranesbill Dwarf Nertera Shady Wood-sorrel Broad-leaf Woodruff Spiny-headed Mat-rush Forest Wire-grass Sword Tussock-grass Paroo Lily Variable Sword-sedge Slender Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Common Ground-fern Screw Fern Downy Dodder-laurel Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 18: Riparian Forest Description: A forest to 30 m tall of river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Understorey: Life form #/ha Manna Gum #Spp 4 7 1 2 10 3 4 1 3 2 5 2 2 na %Cover 5% 20% 15% 1% 1% 15% 1% 5% 5% 5% 1% 25% 10% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL EVC 18: Riparian Forest Highlands - Northern Fall Bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Pomaderris aspera Acacia dealbata Coprosma quadrifida Cassinia aculeata Prostanthera lasianthos Olearia phlogopappa Mentha laxiflora Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Acaena novae-zelandiae Geranium potentilloides Hydrocotyle hirta Dichondra repens Galium propinquum Carex appressa Poa labillardierei Tetrarrhena juncea Dianella tasmanica Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Poa tenera Blechnum nudum Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Adiantum aethiopicum Dicksonia antarctica Cyathea australis Clematis aristata T T T MS MS MS MS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF SC Common Name Blackwood Hazel Pomaderris Silver Wattle Prickly Currant-bush Common Cassinia Victorian Christmas-bush Dusty Daisy-bush Forest Mint Ivy-leaf Violet Bidgee-widgee Cinquefoil Cranesbill Hairy Pennywort Kidney-weed Maori Bedstraw Tall Sedge Common Tussock-grass Forest Wire-grass Tasman Flax-lily Weeping Grass Slender Tussock-grass Fishbone Water-fern Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Common Maidenhair Soft Tree-fern Rough Tree-fern Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS MH MH Typical Weed Species Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Common Name Blackberry Cat's Ear Self-heal Invasive high high high Impact high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland Description: Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rocky creeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after such disturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may be irregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common to riparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral species which survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Acacia melanoxylon Leptospermum grandifolium 40% Blackwood Mountain Tea-tree Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS MH LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF SC %Cover 9 2 1 4 1 4 2 2 na 20% 5% 10% 5% 1% 10% 1% 5% 20% 65% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Coprosma quadrifida Hedycarya angustifolia Kunzea ericoides Micrantheum hexandrum Euchiton collinus s.l. Carex appressa Lepidosperma laterale Poa ensiformis Dianella tasmanica Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Calochlaena dubia Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Blechnum minus Todea barbara Dicksonia antarctica Pandorea pandorana Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry high high Common N Prickly Curran Austral Mulber Burgan Box Micranthe Clustered/Cree Tall Sedge Variable Sword Sword Tussoc Tasman Flax-l Weeping Gras Common Grou Austral Bracke Mother ShieldSoft Water-fer Austral King-fe Soft Tree-fern Wonga Vine EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest Description: Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor in form to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Understorey: Life form #/ha Broad-leaved Peppermint Brittle Gum Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp 1 8 4 2 2 5 1 6 1 1 na na %Cover 5% 5% 20% 10% 5% 1% 5% 5% 10% 1% 5% 10% 10% 70% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH LTG MTG GF SC BL S/C EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Monotoca scoparia Daviesia ulicifolia Daviesia leptophylla Persoonia confertiflora Hibbertia obtusifolia Dillwynia phylicoides Tetratheca bauerifolia Hovea heterophylla Platylobium formosum Persoonia chamaepeuce Acrotriche serrulata Senecio tenuiflorus Gonocarpus tetragynus Poranthera microphylla Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Lomandra longifolia Joycea pallida Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Poa sieberiana Dianella revoluta s.l. Pteridium esculentum Cassytha pubescens s.s. Hardenbergia violacea T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS LH MH MH MH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG GF SC SC Common Name Silver Wattle Prickly Broom-heath Gorse Bitter-pea Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea Cluster-flower Geebung Grey Guinea-flower Small-leaf Parrot-pea Heath Pink-bells Common Hovea Handsome Flat-pea Dwarf Geebung Honey-pots Slender Fireweed Common Raspwort Small Poranthera Ivy-leaf Violet Spiny-headed Mat-rush Silvertop Wallaby-grass Grass Trigger-plant Grey Tussock-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Austral Bracken Downy Dodder-laurel Purple Coral-pea Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest Description: Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Common Name Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Broad-leaved Peppermint Brittle Gum #Spp 2 8 3 2 2 7 2 1 1 6 2 2 na na %Cover 5% 10% 15% 5% 5% 1% 5% 1% 1% 1% 10% 5% 1% 10% 10% 65% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG GF SC BL S/C EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Exocarpos cupressiformis Cassinia aculeata Daviesia latifolia Daviesia ulicifolia Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Hibbertia obtusifolia Tetratheca ciliata Hovea heterophylla Olearia erubescens Platylobium formosum Persoonia chamaepeuce Acrotriche serrulata Senecio tenuiflorus Senecio linearifolius Gonocarpus tetragynus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Stellaria pungens Asperula scoparia Hydrocotyle laxiflora Lomandra longifolia Joycea pallida Poa sieberiana Dianella tasmanica Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Hardenbergia violacea Clematis aristata T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Common Name Silver Wattle Cherry Ballart Common Cassinia Hop Bitter-pea Gorse Bitter-pea Prickly Bush-pea Grey Guinea-flower Pink-bells Common Hovea Moth Daisy-bush Handsome Flat-pea Dwarf Geebung Honey-pots Slender Fireweed Fireweed Groundsel Common Raspwort Ivy-leaf Violet Prickly Starwort Prickly Woodruff Stinking Pennywort Spiny-headed Mat-rush Silvertop Wallaby-grass Grey Tussock-grass Tasman Flax-lily Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Purple Coral-pea Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest Description: Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer including a number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite of fern species. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Understorey: Life form #/ha Broad-leaved Peppermint Red Stringybark Bundy #Spp 1 4 3 2 4 12 3 2 8 2 2 2 na na %Cover 5% 5% 10% 5% 1% 5% 25% 5% 5% 20% 1% 5% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Cassinia aculeata Cassinia longifolia Pimelea linifolia Hibbertia obtusifolia Hovea heterophylla Acrotriche serrulata Platylobium formosum Wahlenbergia stricta Senecio tenuiflorus Senecio quadridentatus Epilobium billardierianum Hypericum gramineum Gonocarpus tetragynus Poranthera microphylla Hydrocotyle laxiflora Dichondra repens Cymbonotus preissianus Joycea pallida Poa sieberiana Lomandra filiformis Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Echinopogon ovatus Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Pteridium esculentum Hardenbergia violacea T MS MS SS SS SS PS PS LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF GF SC Common Name Silver Wattle Common Cassinia Shiny Cassinia Slender Rice-flower Grey Guinea-flower Common Hovea Honey-pots Handsome Flat-pea Tall Bluebell Slender Fireweed Cotton Fireweed Variable Willow-herb Small St John's Wort Common Raspwort Small Poranthera Stinking Pennywort Kidney-weed Austral Bear's-ear Silvertop Wallaby-grass Grey Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Common Hedgehog-grass Green Rock-fern Austral Bracken Purple Coral-pea Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Anagallis arvensis Trifolium arvense var. arvense Briza minor Vulpia bromoides Holcus lanatus Aira elegantissima Common Name Cat's Ear Common Centaury Pimpernel Hare's-foot Clover Lesser Quaking-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Yorkshire Fog Delicate Hair-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high Impact low low low low low low high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest Description: Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus obliqua Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Broad-leaved Peppermint Messmate Stringybark #Spp 2 7 3 2 3 11 3 2 1 6 2 2 2 na %Cover 5% 10% 15% 5% 5% 5% 20% 5% 5% 1% 10% 5% 10% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Cassinia aculeata Coprosma quadrifida Coprosma hirtella Epacris impressa Tetratheca ciliata Olearia erubescens Hibbertia obtusifolia Hovea heterophylla Platylobium formosum Acrotriche serrulata Acrotriche prostrata Senecio tenuiflorus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Lagenophora stipitata Hydrocotyle laxiflora Dichondra repens Lomandra longifolia Tetrarrhena juncea Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Poa sieberiana Dianella tasmanica Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Clematis aristata Glycine clandestina Hardenbergia violacea T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF SC SC SC Common Name Silver Wattle Common Cassinia Prickly Currant-bush Rough Coprosma Common Heath Pink-bells Moth Daisy-bush Grey Guinea-flower Common Hovea Handsome Flat-pea Honey-pots Trailing Ground-berry Slender Fireweed Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Common Bottle-daisy Stinking Pennywort Kidney-weed Spiny-headed Mat-rush Forest Wire-grass Grass Trigger-plant Grey Tussock-grass Tasman Flax-lily Common Woodrush Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Mountain Clematis Twining Glycine Purple Coral-pea Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Common Name Invasive Impact Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Common Centaury high high high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland Description: Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow or virtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 5 m tall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poor except where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland. Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG GF GF Character Species Monotoca scoparia Hovea pannosa s.l. Brachyloma daphnoides Persoonia confertiflora Hibbertia obtusifolia Dillwynia phylicoides Rhytidosporum procumbens Acacia gunnii Platylobium formosum Persoonia chamaepeuce Senecio tenuiflorus Derwentia perfoliata Wahlenbergia multicaulis Chrysocephalum semipapposum Stellaria pungens Helichrysum scorpioides Gonocarpus tetragynus Diuris sulphurea Crassula sieberiana Lomandra longifolia Austrodanthonia induta Dianella revoluta s.l. Poa labillardierei Joycea pallida Lepidosperma laterale Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Asplenium flabellifolium Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark #Spp 7 2 2 5 2 2 4 2 na na %Cover 25% 5% 5% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 20% 10% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG GF BL S/C 75% Common Name Prickly Broom-heath Mountain Beauty Daphne Heath Cluster-flower Geebung Grey Guinea-flower Small-leaf Parrot-pea White Marianth Ploughshare Wattle Handsome Flat-pea Dwarf Geebung Slender Fireweed Digger's Speedwell Branching Bluebell Clustered Everlasting Prickly Starwort Button Everlasting Common Raspwort Tiger Orchid Sieber Crassula Spiny-headed Mat-rush Shiny Wallaby-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Common Tussock-grass Silvertop Wallaby-grass Variable Sword-sedge Narrow Rock-fern Necklace Fern EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Weediness: LF Code MH MNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Vulpia myuros Common Name Cat's Ear Rat's-tail Fescue Invasive high high Impact low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 29: Damp Forest Description: Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level to montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broadleaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 90 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T T MS MS MS MS LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LNG MTG MNG GF GF GF TRF TRF SC Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Messmate Stringybark Small-leaved Peppermint #Spp 5 6 2 8 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pomaderris aspera Olearia argophylla Acacia dealbata Lomatia fraseri Coprosma quadrifida Cassinia aculeata Pimelea axiflora Olearia phlogopappa Mentha laxiflora Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Geranium potentilloides Acaena novae-zelandiae Hydrocotyle hirta Dichondra repens Leptinella filicula Tetrarrhena juncea Dianella tasmanica Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Calochlaena dubia Cyathea australis Dicksonia antarctica Clematis aristata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 30% 15% 1% 15% 1% 1% 5% 5% 1% 15% 5% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL Common Name Hazel Pomaderris Musk Daisy-bush Silver Wattle Tree Lomatia Prickly Currant-bush Common Cassinia Bootlace Bush Dusty Daisy-bush Forest Mint Ivy-leaf Violet Cinquefoil Cranesbill Bidgee-widgee Hairy Pennywort Kidney-weed Mountain Cotula Forest Wire-grass Tasman Flax-lily Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Common Ground-fern Rough Tree-fern Soft Tree-fern Mountain Clematis EVC 29: Damp Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 30: Wet Forest Description: Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sites in gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 90 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T MS MS MS MS MH MH MH MH SH LTG LNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF SC SC Common Name Eucalyptus regnans Mountain Ash #Spp 4 6 1 2 5 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Pomaderris aspera Olearia argophylla Coprosma quadrifida Olearia phlogopappa Cassinia aculeata Correa lawrenceana Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Hydrocotyle hirta Sambucus gaudichaudiana Geranium potentilloides Leptostigma reptans Lepidosperma elatius Tetrarrhena juncea Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Histiopteris incisa Blechnum wattsii Dicksonia antarctica Cyathea australis Clematis aristata Billardiera longiflora var. longiflora Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 30% 20% 1% 1% 10% 1% 1% 10% 5% 20% 10% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG GF TRF SC BL Common Name Silver Wattle Hazel Pomaderris Musk Daisy-bush Prickly Currant-bush Dusty Daisy-bush Common Cassinia Mountain Correa Ivy-leaf Violet Hairy Pennywort White Elderberry Cinquefoil Cranesbill Dwarf Nertera Tall Sword-sedge Forest Wire-grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Bat's Wing Fern Hard Water-fern Soft Tree-fern Rough Tree-fern Mountain Clematis Purple Apple-berry EVC 30: Wet Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest Description: Closed non-eucalypt forest to 25 m tall. Occurs in high rainfall areas protected from fire within Wet Forest. The understorey characterised by tree ferns and a rich epiphytic flora. The ground layer is dominated by a diversity of ground ferns. Large trees: Species Nothofagus/Atherosperma DBH(cm) 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Epiphyte Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF EP EP EP EP SC SC Common Name Nothofagus cunninghamii Atherosperma moschatum Myrtle Beech Southern Sassafras #Spp 2 4 3 1 1 1 6 2 3 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pittosporum bicolor Tasmannia lanceolata Hedycarya angustifolia Coprosma quadrifida Prostanthera lasianthos Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Sambucus gaudichaudiana Hydrocotyle hirta Carex appressa Tetrarrhena juncea Libertia pulchella Uncinia tenella Blechnum wattsii Grammitis billardierei Polystichum proliferum Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum Dicksonia antarctica Cyathea australis Crepidomanes venosum Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Hymenophyllum australe Hymenophyllum flabellatum Clematis aristata Parsonsia brownii Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 1% 5% 1% 25% 25% 5% 1% 20% LF code IT T MS MH LTG LNG MTG GF TRF EP SC BL Common Name Banyalla Mountain Pepper Austral Mulberry Prickly Currant-bush Victorian Christmas-bush Ivy-leaf Violet Shade Nettle White Elderberry Hairy Pennywort Tall Sedge Forest Wire-grass Pretty Grass-flag Delicate Hook-sedge Hard Water-fern Common Finger-fern Mother Shield-fern Mother Spleenwort Soft Tree-fern Rough Tree-fern Veined Bristle-fern Kangaroo Fern Austral Filmy Fern Shiny Filmy Fern Mountain Clematis Twining Silkpod EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest Description: Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with an understorey dominated by a tall, diverse shrub layer of broad-leaved shrubs and heaths with sometimes a scattering of tree-ferns. The ground layer is dominated by a variety of herbs and graminoids. Occurs on topographically protected south-facing slopes and occasionally in gully heads on northern or western slopes in low relief montane areas. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 90 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T MS MS MS MS SS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH MTG MTG MTG GF GF Common Name Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash #Spp 3 7 2 2 8 2 1 1 3 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Acacia obliquinervia Polyscias sambucifolia Coprosma hirtella Olearia phlogopappa Cassinia aculeata Leucopogon hookeri Derwentia derwentiana Senecio linearifolius Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Lagenophora stipitata Acaena novae-zelandiae Gonocarpus tetragynus Leptinella filicula Dianella tasmanica Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Poa ensiformis Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 20% 20% 10% 5% 15% 15% 5% 1% 15% 5% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Silver Wattle Mountain Hickory Wattle Elderberry Panax Rough Coprosma Dusty Daisy-bush Common Cassinia Mountain Beard-heath Derwent Speedwell Fireweed Groundsel Ivy-leaf Violet Common Bottle-daisy Bidgee-widgee Common Raspwort Mountain Cotula Tasman Flax-lily Grass Trigger-plant Sword Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland Description: Occurs on dry and exposed mid to upper slopes at montane elevations, often extending onto ridges in high rainfall areas. Effective rainfall may be enhanced by cold air drainage, low cloud cover and in some cases, persistent snow cover. Open forest to open woodland to 15 m tall, according to altitude, precipitation and frequency of fire. The shrubby understorey is an unusual combination of species, which tolerate exposed montane conditions and species that enjoy the increased moisture available from cloud and fog drip Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 50 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus radiata Understorey: Life form #/ha Broad-leaved Peppermint Candlebark Narrow-leaved Peppermint #Spp 2 5 2 2 3 9 2 6 1 2 na na %Cover 5% 20% 20% 5% 5% 5% 15% 5% 15% 5% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH LTG MTG GF SC BL S/C EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Acacia obliquinervia Coprosma hirtella Polyscias sambucifolia Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Cassinia aculeata Olearia erubescens Hibbertia obtusifolia Tetratheca ciliata Platylobium formosum Persoonia chamaepeuce Acrotriche serrulata Derwentia derwentiana Senecio tenuiflorus Wahlenbergia stricta Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Stellaria pungens Gonocarpus tetragynus Asperula scoparia Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Lomandra longifolia Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Dianella tasmanica Poa sieberiana Poa labillardierei Luzula campestris spp. agg. Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Clematis aristata T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS PS PS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF SC Common Name Silver Wattle Mountain Hickory Wattle Rough Coprosma Elderberry Panax Prickly Bush-pea Common Cassinia Moth Daisy-bush Grey Guinea-flower Pink-bells Handsome Flat-pea Dwarf Geebung Honey-pots Derwent Speedwell Slender Fireweed Tall Bluebell Pale Vanilla-lily Prickly Starwort Common Raspwort Prickly Woodruff Showy Violet Spiny-headed Mat-rush Grass Trigger-plant Tasman Flax-lily Grey Tussock-grass Common Tussock-grass Field Woodrush Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland Description: Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils on all aspects. An open eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, sometimes with a secondary tree layer. The understorey often consists of a sparse shrub layer which can be variable in height. The EVC is characterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 50 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus pauciflora Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus rubida Understorey: Life form #/ha Snow Gum Broad-leaved Peppermint Candlebark #Spp 1 6 3 2 4 15 3 2 7 1 1 na na %Cover 5% 5% 20% 10% 5% 10% 20% 10% 5% 20% 1% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL S/C EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Cassinia aculeata Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Pimelea linifolia Brachyloma daphnoides Hibbertia obtusifolia Olearia erubescens Leucopogon hookeri Platylobium formosum Acrotriche serrulata Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Wahlenbergia stricta Gonocarpus tetragynus Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Stellaria pungens Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Galium ciliare Leptinella filicula Lomandra longifolia Deyeuxia quadriseta Dianella tasmanica Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Themeda triandra Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Polystichum proliferum Pteridium esculentum Glycine clandestina T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS PS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG GF GF SC Common Name Silver Wattle Common Cassinia Prickly Bush-pea Slender Rice-flower Daphne Heath Grey Guinea-flower Moth Daisy-bush Mountain Beard-heath Handsome Flat-pea Honey-pots Pale Vanilla-lily Tall Bluebell Common Raspwort Showy Violet Prickly Starwort Common Bird-orchid Hairy Bedstraw Mountain Cotula Spiny-headed Mat-rush Reed Bent-grass Tasman Flax-lily Grass Trigger-plant Kangaroo Grass Common Woodrush Mother Shield-fern Austral Bracken Twining Glycine Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MH MH MH MH SH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Centaurium erythraea Prunella vulgaris Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Trifolium repens var. repens Common Name Cat's Ear Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Common Centaury Self-heal Garden Dandelion White Clover Invasive high high high high high high Impact low low low high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest Description: Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects at montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 90 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus rubida Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Alpine Ash Narrow-leaf Peppermint Candlebark #Spp 3 7 2 1 4 12 2 1 6 1 2 2 na %Cover 5% 15% 20% 1% 5% 5% 20% 5% 1% 20% 5% 15% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Cassinia aculeata Coprosma hirtella Coprosma quadrifida Polyscias sambucifolia Olearia erubescens Platylobium formosum Derwentia derwentiana Senecio linearifolius Picris angustifolia Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Stellaria pungens Acaena novae-zelandiae Lagenophora stipitata Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Leptinella filicula Hydrocotyle laxiflora Lomandra longifolia Dianella tasmanica Poa ensiformis Poa sieberiana Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Deyeuxia rodwayi Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Clematis aristata T MS MS MS MS SS PS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF GF SC Common Name Silver Wattle Common Cassinia Rough Coprosma Prickly Currant-bush Elderberry Panax Moth Daisy-bush Handsome Flat-pea Derwent Speedwell Fireweed Groundsel Native Picris Ivy-leaf Violet Prickly Starwort Bidgee-widgee Common Bottle-daisy Common Bird-orchid Mountain Cotula Stinking Pennywort Spiny-headed Mat-rush Tasman Flax-lily Sword Tussock-grass Grey Tussock-grass Grass Trigger-plant Weeping Grass Tasman Bent-grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 80 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Invasive high high Impact high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest Description: Grows on the most sheltered wet sites such as gully heads and south facing slopes at montane elevations in high rainfall areas. Soils are deep, fertile, well-drained and structureless and although well-drained, may remain saturated for long periods. The overstorey forms a tall open eucalypt forest to 30 m tall over a secondary tree layer with occasional tall shrubs which provide shade and protection for a fern-rich ground layer. Scattered herbs occur in gaps in the ground layer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 90 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus regnans Eucalyptus nitens Understorey: Life form #/ha Mountain Ash Shining Gum #Spp 5 5 2 6 1 1 2 3 2 2 na %Cover 5% 30% 15% 1% 10% 1% 15% 5% 20% 5% 1% 20% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LNG MTG GF TRF SC BL EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Lomatia fraseri Cassinia aculeata Polyscias sambucifolia Olearia phlogopappa Prostanthera lasianthos Mentha laxiflora Senecio velleioides Stellaria flaccida Hydrocotyle hirta Geranium potentilloides Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Leptinella filicula Oxalis exilis Asperula euryphylla var. euryphylla Oxalis corniculata s.l. Dryopoa dives Tetrarrhena juncea Dianella tasmanica Poa ensiformis Poa australis spp. agg. Polystichum proliferum Pteridium esculentum Histiopteris incisa Dicksonia antarctica Cyathea australis Clematis aristata T T MS MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG GF GF GF TRF TRF SC Common Name Silver Wattle Tree Lomatia Common Cassinia Elderberry Panax Dusty Daisy-bush Victorian Christmas-bush Forest Mint Forest Groundsel Forest Starwort Hairy Pennywort Cinquefoil Cranesbill Ivy-leaf Violet Mountain Cotula Shady Wood-sorrel Broad-leaf Woodruff Yellow Wood-sorrel Giant Mountain-grass Forest Wire-grass Tasman Flax-lily Sword Tussock-grass Tussock Grass Mother Shield-fern Austral Bracken Bat's Wing Fern Soft Tree-fern Rough Tree-fern Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland Description: Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montane elevations. Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but on the larger streams may be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges often associated with creeks or river margins. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 60 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Common Name Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Eucalyptus stellulata Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Candlebark Mountain Swamp-gum Black Sallee #Spp 1 3 3 4 12 4 3 1 6 3 2 na %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 10% 20% 10% 5% 1% 30% 5% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code T MS MS MS SS SS SS SS LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG GF GF Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MNG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum grandifolium Baeckea gunniana Leptospermum myrtifolium Pimelea axiflora Rubus parvifolius Hovea heterophylla Leucopogon hookeri Epacris microphylla s.l. Villarsia reniformis Veronica gracilis Senecio hispidulus Asperula pusilla Asperula gunnii Geranium potentilloides Dichondra repens Ranunculus amphitrichus r Gratiola nana Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Deyeuxia quadriseta r Scirpus polystachyus Juncus gregiflorus Carex longebrachiata Carex gaudichaudiana Lachnagrostis filiformis Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Carex blakei Isolepis crassiuscula Baumea gunnii Baloskion australe Luzula campestris spp. agg. Polystichum proliferum Blechnum minus Typical Weed Species Rosa rubiginosa Cirsium vulgare Rumex crispus Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Trifolium dubium Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Batrachium trichophyllum Acetosella vulgaris Trifolium repens var. repens Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Aira caryophyllea Aira elegantissima Common Name Common Name Mountain Tea-tree Alpine Baeckea Myrtle Tea-tree Bootlace Bush Small-leaf Bramble Common Hovea Mountain Beard-heath Coral Heath Running Marsh-flower Slender Speedwell Rough Fireweed Alpine Woodruff Mountain Woodruff Cinquefoil Cranesbill Kidney-weed Small River Buttercup Matted Brooklime Twin-flower Knawel Reed Bent-grass Large-head Club-sedge Green Rush Bergalia Tussock Fen Sedge Common Blown-grass Leafy Blown-grass Alpine Sedge Alpine Club-sedge Slender Twig-sedge Mountain Cord-rush Field Woodrush Mother Shield-fern Soft Water-fern Sweet Briar Spear Thistle Curled Dock Cat's Ear Self-heal Suckling Clover Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Garden Dandelion Water Fennel Sheep Sorrel White Clover Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Silvery Hair-grass Delicate Hair-grass Invasive low high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high high low high low low low high high high high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket Description: Closed shrubland to 8 m tall, often occurring as a narrow, linear strip along montane streams. The overstorey tree stratum is usually absent (although emergents may occur), often occurring only as overhang from adjacent Montane Damp Forest. Occurs in montane and sub-alpine areas, often within Montane Damp Forest along drainage lines, streams with gentle gradients and in soaks at the heads of gullies on south-facing aspects. The waterlogged soils are colluviums or alluviums rich in organic matter. The understorey consists of shade-tolerant shrubs and ferns. Sedges, grasses and herbs form a sparse but diverse ground layer. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Common Name Leptospermum grandifolium Acacia melanoxylon Acacia dealbata Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Mountain Tea-tree Blackwood Silver Wattle #Spp %Cover LF code 4 4 2 2 3 5 1 na 10% 5% 1% 5% 5% 35% 1% 20% MS MH SH LTG MTG GF TRF BL Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG GF GF GF GF TRF SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Coprosma quadrifida Tasmannia lanceolata Prostanthera lasianthos Epacris breviflora Epilobium gunnianum Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Hydrocotyle hirta Gratiola peruviana Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Leptinella filicula Carex appressa Deyeuxia brachyathera Dianella tasmanica Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Blechnum nudum Polystichum proliferum Pteridium esculentum Blechnum wattsii Todea barbara Clematis aristata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 75% Common Name Prickly Currant-bush Mountain Pepper Victorian Christmas-bush Drumstick Heath Gunn's Willow-herb Ivy-leaf Violet Hairy Pennywort Austral Brooklime Shade Nettle Mountain Cotula Tall Sedge Short Bent-grass Tasman Flax-lily Common Tussock-grass Fishbone Water-fern Mother Shield-fern Austral Bracken Hard Water-fern Austral King-fern Mountain Clematis EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Prunella vulgaris Common Name Invasive Impact Self-heal high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland Description: Grows on a wide range of geologies and aspects, in the higher altitudinal levels above 1200 m. Rainfall is relatively high and snow may persist for long periods over winter. Soils are generally skeletal sandy clay loams with a rich humus topsoil layer. A low, open woodland to 10 m tall dominated by Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, with the understorey variously consisting of a rich suite of grasses and herbs, or a dense layer of woody shrubs, depending on soil fertility. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 40 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus pauciflora Eucalyptus pauciflora ssp. niphophila Snow Gum Alpine Sally #Spp 1 4 1 2 10 1 2 4 1 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Coprosma hirtella Lomatia myricoides Polyscias sambucifolia Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Platylobium formosum Lobelia gibbosa s.s. Derwentia derwentiana Lagenophora stipitata Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Stellaria pungens Acaena novae-zelandiae Gonocarpus montanus Leptinella filicula Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Deyeuxia frigida Poa sieberiana Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Poa hothamensis var. hothamensis Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Pteridium esculentum Clematis aristata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 20% 1% 5% 20% 5% 1% 20% 5% 1% 20% LF code IT T MS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG GF SC BL Common Name Silver Wattle Rough Coprosma River Lomatia Elderberry Panax Prickly Bush-pea Handsome Flat-pea Tall Lobelia Derwent Speedwell Common Bottle-daisy Showy Violet Prickly Starwort Bidgee-widgee Mat Raspwort Mountain Cotula Cluster-headed Mat-rush Forest Bent-grass Grey Tussock-grass Common Woodrush Ledge Grass Grey Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Mountain Clematis EVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MTG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Sweet Vernal-grass high high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest Description: Occurs on ridges and exposed slopes in association moister forests on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS PS PS MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MNG MNG GF GF GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Red Stringybark Swamp Gum Messmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp %Cover LF code 1 5 1 2 8 1 1 1 2 3 2 na 5% 5% 20% 5% 5% 15% 1% 15% 10% 10% 15% 5% 10% IT T MS SS PS MH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum scoparium Coprosma quadrifida Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Epacris impressa Tetratheca ciliata Acrotriche serrulata Acrotriche prostrata Oxalis perennans Hydrocotyle hirta Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Gonocarpus tetragynus Gahnia sieberiana Tetrarrhena juncea Poa ensiformis Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Calochlaena dubia Blechnum nudum Clematis aristata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Manuka Prickly Currant-bush Prickly Bush-pea Common Heath Pink-bells Honey-pots Trailing Ground-berry Grassland Wood-sorrel Hairy Pennywort Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Red-fruit Saw-sedge Forest Wire-grass Sword Tussock-grass Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Common Ground-fern Fishbone Water-fern Mountain Clematis EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code SS Typical Weed Species Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest Description: Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. Open forest to 25 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) #/ha Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Common Name Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus obliqua Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Candlebark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Yellow Box Messmate Stringybark #Spp 2 6 5 3 3 16 4 3 12 3 1 2 na %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 1% 20% 5% 5% 25% 10% 5% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code T T MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF SC SC Weediness: LF Code MS MS LH MH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Acacia melanoxylon Cassinia aculeata Coprosma quadrifida Leptospermum continentale Hovea heterophylla Hibbertia obtusifolia Tetratheca pilosa Tetratheca ciliata Acrotriche serrulata Platylobium formosum Acrotriche prostrata Boronia nana var. hyssopifolia Senecio quadridentatus Senecio tenuiflorus Ajuga australis Euchiton collinus s.s. Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Hydrocotyle laxiflora Dichondra repens Desmodium gunnii Galium propinquum Deyeuxia quadriseta Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Poa labillardierei Themeda triandra Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Echinopogon ovatus Pteridium esculentum Glycine clandestina Hardenbergia violacea Typical Weed Species Rosa rubiginosa Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Hypericum perforatum Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Anagallis arvensis Trifolium dubium Holcus lanatus Briza minor Vulpia bromoides Aira elegantissima Common Name Silver Wattle Blackwood Common Cassinia Prickly Currant-bush Prickly Tea-tree Common Hovea Grey Guinea-flower Hairy Pink-bells Pink-bells Honey-pots Handsome Flat-pea Trailing Ground-berry Dwarf Boronia Cotton Fireweed Slender Fireweed Austral Bugle Creeping Cudweed Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Stinking Pennywort Kidney-weed Southern Tick-trefoil Maori Bedstraw Reed Bent-grass Cluster-headed Mat-rush Common Tussock-grass Kangaroo Grass Grey Tussock-grass Common Woodrush Grass Trigger-plant Weeping Grass Common Hedgehog-grass Austral Bracken Twining Glycine Purple Coral-pea Common Name Invasive Impact Sweet Briar Blackberry St John's Wort Cat's Ear Common Centaury Pimpernel Suckling Clover Yorkshire Fog Lesser Quaking-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Delicate Hair-grass high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 48: Heathy Woodland Description: Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus dives Understorey: Life form #/ha Broad-leaved Peppermint #Spp 7 6 1 4 2 1 4 1 na na %Cover 5% 40% 20% 1% 5% 10% 5% 10% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT MS SS PS MH LTG LNG MTG GF BL S/C EVC 48: Heathy Woodland Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Monotoca scoparia Epacris impressa Banksia marginata Leucopogon virgatus Hovea heterophylla Dillwynia sericea s.l. Gonocarpus tetragynus Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Hydrocotyle hirta Lomandra longifolia Tetrarrhena juncea Poa sieberiana Pteridium esculentum Cassytha glabella MS MS MS MS SS SS SS MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG GF SC Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Prickly Broom-heath Common Heath Silver Banksia Common Beard-heath Common Hovea Showy Parrot-pea Common Raspwort Tall Sundew Hairy Pennywort Spiny-headed Mat-rush Forest Wire-grass Grey Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Slender Dodder-laurel Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MTG Typical Weed Species Briza maxima Common Name Large Quaking-grass Invasive high Impact low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland Description: An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall. Occupies on well drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations in areas with >600 mm annual rainfall. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer characterised by summer-growing grasses. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS MS MS SS PS PS MH MH MH MH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus melliodora River Red Gum Yellow Box #Spp %Cover LF code 1 3 2 1 3 8 3 2 12 2 na na 5% 5% 10% 1% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 45% 5% 10% 10% IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Acacia acinacea s.l. Bursaria spinosa Pimelea humilis Astroloma humifusum Bossiaea prostrata Oxalis perennans Chrysocephalum apiculatum s.l. Acaena echinata Eryngium ovinum Dichondra repens Austrostipa spp. Themeda triandra Elymus scaber var. scaber Austrodanthonia setacea Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Gold-dust Wattle Sweet Bursaria Common Rice-flower Cranberry Heath Creeping Bossiaea Grassland Wood-sorrel Common Everlasting Sheep's Burr Blue Devil Kidney-weed Spear-grass Kangaroo Grass Common Wheat-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Stiped Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass EVC 55: Plains Grassy Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH LH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Lycium ferocissimum Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Briza minor Briza maxima Common Name Invasive Impact African Box-thorn Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low high low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland Description: An open woodland to 20 m tall usually dominated by Red Gum Eucalyptus spp. over a medium to tall shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and major creeks, often in conjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soils are fertile alluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 80 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS SS MH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF EP Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15% River Red-gum #Spp 2 6 1 4 4 1 3 2 3 3 1 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Cassinia aculeata Kunzea ericoides Rubus parvifolius Acaena novae-zelandiae Hydrocotyle laxiflora Carex appressa Poa labillardierei Phragmites australis Juncus amabilis Cyperus lhotskyanus Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Distichlis distichophylla Pteridium esculentum Muellerina eucalyptoides Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 15% 1% 10% 10% 1% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Silver Wattle Tree Violet Common Cassinia Burgan Small-leaf Bramble Bidgee-widgee Stinking Pennywort Tall Sedge Common Tussock-grass Common Reed Hollow Rush Creeping Flat-sedge Weeping Grass Australian Salt-grass Austral Bracken Creeping Mistletoe EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T T MS MS MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC SC Pinus radiata Crataegus monogyna Rosa rubiginosa Ulex europaeus Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Foeniculum vulgare Verbena bonariensis s.l. Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Rumex crispus Sonchus asper s.l. Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Silybum marianum Rorippa palustris Hypochoeris radicata Acetosella vulgaris Trifolium dubium Trifolium subterraneum Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Prunella vulgaris Anagallis arvensis Trifolium repens var. repens Polygonum aviculare s.l. Callitriche stagnalis Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Lolium multiflorum Cyperus eragrostis Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Lolium perenne Vulpia bromoides Critesion murinum Poa annua Bromus diandrus Bromus catharticus Dactylis glomerata Paspalum distichum Galium aparine Vicia sativa Common Name Invasive Impact Radiata Pine Hawthorn Sweet Briar Gorse Blackberry Fennel Purple-top Verbena Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Curled Dock Rough Sow-thistle Black Nightshade Variegated Thistle Marsh Yellow-cress Cat's Ear Sheep Sorrel Suckling Clover Subterranean Clover Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Self-heal Pimpernel White Clover Prostrate Knotweed Common Starwort Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Italian Rye-grass Drain Flat-sedge Soft Brome Perennial Rye-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Barley-grass Annual Meadow-grass Great Brome Prairie Grass Cocksfoot Water Couch Cleavers Common Vetch low low low low high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low high high low high low low low low low low low high high high low high low high low low low low low high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 59: Riparian Thicket Description: Dense thickets of Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum to 6 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts that occur on broad beds of small streams or on regular flooded terraces of large streams and rivers. Ground layer is dominated by a number of ferns, tree-ferns and sedges. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 50% Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS LH LH MH MH LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF GF GF TRF SC Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-tree #Spp 8 3 1 2 5 1 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epacris impressa Cassinia aculeata Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Kunzea ericoides Dampiera stricta Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Acacia brownii Acrotriche prostrata Senecio minimus Epilobium pallidiflorum Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Cyperus lucidus Carex appressa Tetrarrhena juncea Gahnia radula Lomandra filiformis Lepidosperma filiforme Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Baumea tetragona Gleichenia dicarpa Pteridium esculentum Blechnum minus Cyathea australis Billardiera scandens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 30% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 5% 15% 10% 5% 5% 20% LF code MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL Common Name Common Heath Common Cassinia Rosemary Everlasting Burgan Blue Dampiera Broom Spurge Heath Wattle Trailing Ground-berry Shrubby Fireweed Showy Willow-herb Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Leafy Flat-sedge Tall Sedge Forest Wire-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Common Rapier-sedge Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Square Twig-sedge Pouched Coral-fern Austral Bracken Soft Water-fern Rough Tree-fern Common Apple-berry EVC 59: Riparian Thicket Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T T MS MS MS SS LH MH MH MH SH LNG Salix cinerea Pinus radiata Prunus cerasifera Cotoneaster pannosus Erica lusitanica Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Lotus suaveolens Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Callitriche stagnalis Holcus lanatus Common Name Invasive Impact Grey Sallow Radiata Pine Cherry Plum Velvet Cotoneaster Spanish Heath Blackberry Black Nightshade Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Cat's Ear Self-heal Common Starwort Yorkshire Fog high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands Northern Fall bioregion EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland Description: Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceous ground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on a wide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid and herbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or system of interconnected small ponds. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 80 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understroey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark River Red-gum #Spp %Cover LF code 1 4 3 2 9 3 3 1 15 3 na 5% 5% 10% 5% 5% 15% 5% 15% 5% 30% 5% 10% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland – Highlands Northern Fall bioregion LF Code T T MS MS MS SS PS LH LH MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Acacia dealbata Acacia melanoxylon Acacia pycnantha Melaleuca parvistaminea Acacia retinodes var. retinodes Pimelea humilis Astroloma humifusum Senecio tenuiflorus Senecio quadridentatus Centipeda cunninghamii Hypericum gramineum Dichondra repens Poa labillardierei Carex appressa Phragmites australis Elymus scaber var. scaber Juncus spp. Cyperus spp. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Silver Wattle Blackwood Golden Wattle Rough-barked Haoney-myrtle Wilrilda Common Rice-flower Cranberry Heath Slender Fireweed Cottony Fireweed Common Sneezeweed Small St John's Wort Kidneyweed Common Tussock-grass Tall Sedge Common Reed Common Wheat-grass Rush Flat-sedge Weeping Grass Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH LH MH MH MH MH MH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Hypochoeris glabra Galium murale Oxalis pes-caprae Juncus acutus Phalaris aquatica Briza maxima Briza minor Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Aira elegantissima Vulpia muralis Bromus madritensis Common Name Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Pimpernel Smooth Cat's-ear Small Goosegrass Soursob Spiny Rush Toowoomba Canary-grass Large Quaking-grass Lesser Quaking-grass Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Soft Brome Delicate Hair-grass Wall Fescue Madrid Brome Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low high high high low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland Description: Mainly restricted to granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodland to 10 m high with the dominant trees often being stunted. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Eucalyptus nortonii Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Silver Bundy Red Stringybark Bundy #Spp %Cover LF code 1 4 3 2 11 4 3 1 na 5% 5% 20% 20% 5% 20% 5% 5% 1% 10% IT T MS SS LH MH MTG MNG GF BL Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS LH LH MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF Species typical of at least part of EVC range Allocasuarina verticillata Calytrix tetragona Cassinia longifolia R r Grevillea jephcottii Acacia verniciflua Micromyrtus ciliata Tetratheca ciliata Dillwynia sericea s.l. Stackhousia viminea Derwentia perfoliata Euchiton collinus s.s. Drosera peltata Daucus glochidiatus Gonocarpus elatus Dichelachne sieberiana r Poa sieberiana var. cyanophylla Juncus bufonius Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 70% Common Name Drooping Sheoak Common Fringe-myrtle Shiny Cassinia Green Grevillea Varnish Wattle Heath-myrtle Pink-bells Showy Parrot-pea Slender Stackhousia Digger's Speedwell Creeping Cudweed Pale Sundew Australian Carrot Tall Raspwort Rough Plume-grass Blue-leaf Tussock-grass Toad Rush Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Narrow Rock-fern EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH MH MNG Und Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Aira spp. Vulpia spp. Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Common Centaury Hair Grass Fescue high high high high low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub Description: Shrubland to 10 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopes associated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvial terraces. Characterised by a dense medium to tall shrub layer over a ground layer which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids and herbs. Ferns can often be a major component of the ground stratum. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS PS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF GF Common Name Acacia melanoxylon Pomaderris aspera Acacia dealbata Blackwood Hazel Pomaderris Silver Wattle #Spp %Cover LF code 8 1 2 2 12 3 4 3 2 3 1 na 5% 30% 1% 1% 5% 20% 5% 15% 10% 5% 10% 5% 10% IT MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Coprosma quadrifida Lomatia myricoides Leptospermum brevipes Kunzea ericoides Leucopogon hookeri Platylobium formosum Acrotriche serrulata Epilobium billardierianum ssp. hydrophilum Senecio tenuiflorus Ajuga australis Acaena novae-zelandiae Lagenophora stipitata Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Cyperus lucidus Carex appressa Lomandra longifolia Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Dianella tasmanica Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Adiantum aethiopicum Blechnum nudum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Prickly Currant-bush River Lomatia Slender Tea-tree Burgan Mountain Beard-heath Handsome Flat-pea Honey-pots Robust Willow-herb Slender Fireweed Austral Bugle Bidgee-widgee Common Bottle-daisy Ivy-leaf Violet Kidney-weed Stinking Pennywort Leafy Flat-sedge Tall Sedge Spiny-headed Mat-rush Common Tussock-grass Grey Tussock-grass Tasman Flax-lily Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Common Maidenhair Fishbone Water-fern EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code MS MS MS MH MH MH LNG Typical Weed Species Rosa rubiginosa Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Prunella vulgaris Holcus lanatus Common Name Invasive Impact Sweet Briar Blackberry Blackberry Cat's Ear Common Centaury Self-heal Yorkshire Fog high high high high high high high high high high low low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland Description: Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and sedges in the ground layer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 10 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Understorey: Life form #/ha Mountain Swamp-gum Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp %Cover LF code 2 5 1 3 8 4 5 2 3 3 4 1 na 5% 15% 10% 1% 5% 15% 5% 30% 5% 5% 5% 10% 1% 20% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code T T MS MS MS SS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Acacia dealbata Coprosma quadrifida Leptospermum continentale Epacris breviflora Rubus parvifolius Mentha laxiflora Epilobium gunnianum Urtica incisa Senecio minimus Acaena novae-zelandiae Geranium potentilloides Asperula scoparia Hydrocotyle hirta Dichondra repens Hypericum japonicum Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Hydrocotyle tripartita Cyperus lucidus Carex appressa Gahnia sieberiana Poa labillardierei Phragmites australis Poa ensiformis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Eleocharis gracilis Echinopogon ovatus Pteridium esculentum Blechnum nudum Polystichum proliferum Blechnum minus Dicksonia antarctica Common Name Blackwood Silver Wattle Prickly Currant-bush Prickly Tea-tree Drumstick Heath Small-leaf Bramble Forest Mint Gunn's Willow-herb Scrub Nettle Shrubby Fireweed Bidgee-widgee Cinquefoil Cranesbill Prickly Woodruff Hairy Pennywort Kidney-weed Matted St John's Wort Creeping Raspwort Slender Pennywort Leafy Flat-sedge Tall Sedge Red-fruit Saw-sedge Common Tussock-grass Common Reed Sword Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Slender Spike-sedge Common Hedgehog-grass Austral Bracken Fishbone Water-fern Mother Shield-fern Soft Water-fern Soft Tree-fern Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS LH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG Typical Weed Species Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Mimulus moschatus Lotus corniculatus Trifolium repens var. repens Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Self-heal Musk Monkey-flower Bird's-foot Trefoil White Clover Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest Description: A low, open forest to 15 m tall with a sedgy/grassy understorey with a component of small ericoid shrubs and grass-trees. Soil and moisture factors are critical in delimiting the vegetation. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Understorey: Life form #/ha Yellow Box Bundy Red Stringybark #Spp %Cover LF code 2 7 5 2 6 3 3 2 6 1 1 3 na 5% 10% 15% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 20% 15% 1% 1% 5% 10% IT T MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Exocarpos cupressiformis Epacris impressa Cassinia aculeata Daviesia leptophylla Cassinia arcuata Platylobium obtusangulum Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Hovea heterophylla Pimelea humilis Acrotriche serrulata Bossiaea prostrata Leptorhynchos tenuifolius Gonocarpus tetragynus Helichrysum scorpioides Opercularia varia Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Oxalis corniculata s.l. Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Deyeuxia quadriseta Gahnia radula Lomandra filiformis Joycea pallida Poa morrisii Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Lindsaea linearis Billardiera scandens Hardenbergia violacea T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Common Name Cherry Ballart Common Heath Common Cassinia Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea Drooping Cassinia Common Flat-pea Grey Parrot-pea Common Hovea Common Rice-flower Honey-pots Creeping Bossiaea Wiry Buttons Common Raspwort Button Everlasting Variable Stinkweed Scented Sundew Yellow Wood-sorrel Small Grass-tree Reed Bent-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Silvertop Wallaby-grass Soft Tussock-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Screw Fern Common Apple-berry Purple Coral-pea Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T MS LH MH MTG MTG Pinus radiata Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Radiata Pine Blackberry Ribwort Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Invasive low high high high high high Impact high high low low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest Description: Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring along minor gullies, ephemeral streams and river flats. The overstorey may contain a range of eucalypts typical of drier environments over an understorey of scattered shrubs and a notably mossy herb-rich groundcover. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Common Name Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Tree Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Red Stringybark Mountain Grey-gum #Spp %Cover LF code 4 9 3 1 4 11 3 3 4 1 3 1 2 na 5% 15% 30% 10% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 15% 1% 10% 5% 5% 10% IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF TRF SC BL EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Olearia argophylla Acacia dealbata Pimelea axiflora Olearia phlogopappa Coprosma quadrifida Goodia lotifolia Tetratheca pilosa Hibbertia obtusifolia Olearia megalophylla Stypandra glauca Chrysocephalum semipapposum Stellaria pungens Hydrocotyle hirta Gonocarpus tetragynus Leptinella filicula Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Lomandra longifolia Gahnia sieberiana Deyeuxia frigida Poa australis spp. agg. Libertia pulchella Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Blechnum wattsii Polystichum proliferum Hardenbergia violacea Musk Daisy-bush Silver Wattle Bootlace Bush Dusty Daisy-bush Prickly Currant-bush Golden Tip Hairy Pink-bells Grey Guinea-flower Large-leaf Daisy-bush Nodding Blue-lily Clustered Everlasting Prickly Starwort Hairy Pennywort Common Raspwort Mountain Cotula Common Bird-orchid Spiny-headed Mat-rush Red-fruit Saw-sedge Forest Bent-grass Tussock Grass Pretty Grass-flag Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Hard Water-fern Mother Shield-fern Purple Coral-pea Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MH Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact Hypochoeris radicata Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Cat's Ear Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 175: Grassy Woodland Description: A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. Allocasuarina spp. DBH(cm) 70 cm 40 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code T MS MS MS SS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Allocasuarina verticillata Broad-leaved Peppermint Candlebark Brittle Gum Drooping Sheoak #Spp 1 3 1 5 4 2 8 1 2 1 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Pomaderris velutina Brachyloma daphnoides Platylobium formosum Derwentia perfoliata Senecio quadridentatus Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Chrysocephalum semipapposum Geranium solanderi s.l. Crassula sieberiana ssp. sieberiana Stellaria pungens Daucus glochidiatus Crassula sieberiana Lomandra longifolia Dianella revoluta s.l. Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Asplenium flabellifolium Hardenbergia violacea Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 20% 1% 10% 10% 1% 30% 1% 1% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C Common Name Silver Wattle Prickly Bush-pea Velvet Pomaderris Daphne Heath Handsome Flat-pea Digger's Speedwell Cotton Fireweed Sprawling Bluebell Clustered Everlasting Austral Cranesbill Sieber Crassula Prickly Starwort Australian Carrot Sieber Crassula Spiny-headed Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Common Woodrush Variable Sword-sedge Grey Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Narrow Rock-fern Necklace Fern Purple Coral-pea EVC 175: Grassy Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH MH Typical Weed Species Verbascum virgatum Hypochoeris radicata Acetosella vulgaris Centaurium erythraea Common Name Invasive Impact Twiggy Mullein Cat's Ear Sheep Sorrel Common Centaury high high high high high low high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 185: Perched Boggy Shrubland Description: Dense shrubland to 3 m tall over a ground layer of herbs, sedges and often abundant Sphagnum moss occupying valleys on granitic massif plateaus at 400-600 m asl in areas with more than 900 mm annual rainfall. It occurs on all aspects of very gentle slopes above drainage lines or across hillsides between drainage lines. Soils are extremely saturated sandy clay, which may be associated with an impermeable clay layer or an hydrological phenomenon creating a soak or spring effect. Life forms: Life form #Spp Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS PS LH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF 6 2 6 2 4 1 3 2 2 na %Cover 50% 1% 10% 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 10% 30% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Acacia pravissima Baeckea utilis s.s. Goodenia ovata Acrotriche prostrata Senecio quadridentatus Lobelia anceps Centella cordifolia Hydrocotyle hirta Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Gahnia sieberiana Lomandra longifolia Juncus procerus Tetrarrhena juncea Juncus pauciflorus Luzula meridionalis Poa australis spp. agg. Lepidosperma laterale Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Calochlaena dubia LF code MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Ovens Wattle Mountain Baeckea Hop Goodenia Trailing Ground-berry Cotton Fireweed Angled Lobelia Centella Hairy Pennywort Creeping Raspwort Red-fruit Saw-sedge Spiny-headed Mat-rush Tall Rush Forest Wire-grass Loose-flower Rush Common Woodrush Tussock Grass Variable Sword-sedge Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Common Ground-fern Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Weediness: LF Code SS LH Typical Weed Species Rubus ulmifolius Sonchus oleraceus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry Common Sow-thistle high high high low EVC 185: Perched Boggy Shrubland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 191: Riparian Scrub Description: A dense shrubland to 6 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts may be occasionally present. The understorey typically consists of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs along creeks and minor stream tributaries. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Scrambler/Climber LF Code MS MS MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MNG MNG SC Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum 60% Woolly Tea-tree #Spp 3 4 8 4 3 2 5 3 na 1 Species typical of at least part of EVC range Coprosma quadrifida Acacia verticillata Oxalis perennans Oxalis exilis Crassula helmsii Poa labillardierei Carex tereticaulis Carex appressa Phragmites australis Lepidosperma longitudinale Triglochin procerum s.l. Empodisma minus Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Gleichenia microphylla Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 10% 10% 10% 5% 20% 5% 10% 10% 20% 5% LF code MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL SC Common Name Prickly Currant-bush Prickly Moses Grassland Wood-sorrel Shady Wood-sorrel Swamp Crassula Common Tussock-grass Hollow Sedge Tall Sedge Common Reed Pithy Sword-sedge Water Ribbons Spreading Rope-rush Weeping Grass Scrambling Coral-fern EVC 191: Riparian Scrub Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Rumex conglomeratus Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Trifolium dubium Trifolium subterraneum Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Holcus lanatus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Briza maxima Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Bromus diandrus Anthoxanthum odoratum Cynosurus echinatus Common Name Invasive Impact Clustered Dock Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Suckling Clover Subterranean Clover Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Yorkshire Fog Soft Brome Large Quaking-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass Great Brome Sweet Vernal-grass Rough Dog's-tail high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low high low low low low high low low low low low high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest Description: Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Herbs may also be abundant where light penetrates the ground layer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 90 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF Common Name Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Eucalyptus obliqua Alpine Ash Messmate Stringybark #Spp %Cover LF code 2 7 3 2 8 2 1 6 1 2 na 5% 20% 25% 10% 1% 15% 1% 1% 15% 1% 5% 20% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Polyscias sambucifolia Coprosma hirtella Daviesia ulicifolia Olearia phlogopappa Leucopogon hookeri Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Olearia megalophylla Olearia erubescens Senecio linearifolius Derwentia derwentiana Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Lagenophora stipitata Poranthera microphylla Stellaria pungens Gonocarpus tetragynus Leptinella filicula Oxalis exilis Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Deyeuxia quadriseta Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Dianella tasmanica Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Deyeuxia monticola var. monticola Poa tenera Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Silver Wattle Elderberry Panax Rough Coprosma Gorse Bitter-pea Dusty Daisy-bush Mountain Beard-heath Sticky Everlasting Large-leaf Daisy-bush Moth Daisy-bush Fireweed Groundsel Derwent Speedwell Pale Vanilla-lily Common Bottle-daisy Small Poranthera Prickly Starwort Common Raspwort Mountain Cotula Shady Wood-sorrel Cluster-headed Mat-rush Reed Bent-grass Grass Trigger-plant Tasman Flax-lily Common Woodrush Mountain Bent-grass Slender Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern EVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Self-heal high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland Description: Occurs primarily in areas at altitudes of around 1200 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically this EVC is dominated by grasses. Any shrubs present tend to be small and cryptic. The fertile and highly organic soils which are generally derived from granodiorite provide a suitable substrate for a lush cover of grasses and herbs, many specific to montane/sub-alpine environments. Snow persists for several months over winter. Species richness is low, indicative of the harsh environment. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS SS SS SS PS MH MH MH MH SH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG #Spp 1 3 1 3 11 3 1 5 2 na na %Cover 5% 5% 1% 5% 20% 10% 1% 20% 10% 20% 10% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Baeckea gunniana Grevillea australis Leucopogon hookeri Hovea montana Pimelea alpina Asperula gunnii Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Leptorhynchos squamatus Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Cotula alpina Carex breviculmis Poa fawcettiae Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Poa costiniana Empodisma minus LF code MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Common Name Alpine Baeckea Alpine Grevillea Mountain Beard-heath Alpine Rusty-pods Alpine Rice-flower Mountain Woodruff Silver Daisy Scaly Buttons Common Billy-buttons Twin-flower Knawel Creeping Raspwort Alpine Cotula Common Grass-sedge Horny Snow-grass Grass Trigger-plant Bog Snow-grass Spreading Rope-rush Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code MH MH SH Typical Weed Species Acetosella vulgaris Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium repens var. repens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Sheep Sorrel Cat's Ear White Clover Invasive high high high Impact high low high EVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 207: Montane Grassy Shrubland Description: A shrubland, sometimes with emergent eucalypts to 15 m tall over a ground layer dominated by grasses and forbs. It occurs on dry and exposed steep, rocky mid to upper slopes at montane elevations. Soils are shallow, dark brown stony loams to clay loams. + eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required) Large trees+: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 50 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Immature Canopy Tree+ Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Mallee Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus pauciflora Eucalyptus rubida Understorey: Life form #/ha Snow Gum Candlebark #Spp 2 1 6 2 2 9 2 2 6 1 1 na na %Cover 5% 20% 1% 20% 5% 5% 20% 5% 5% 15% 5% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT T MT MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL S/C EVC 207: Montane Grassy Shrubland Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Brachyloma daphnoides Hymenanthera dentata Grevillea lanigera Daviesia mimosoides ssp. mimosoides Chrysocephalum semipapposum Senecio linearifolius Wahlenbergia luteola Galium gaudichaudii Geranium solanderi s.l. Stellaria pungens Crassula sieberiana Themeda triandra Poa phillipsiana Poa costiniana Poa sieberiana Adiantum aethiopicum Asplenium flabellifolium T MS MS MS MS LH LH LH MH MH MH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG GF GF Common Name Silver Wattle Daphne Heath Tree Violet Woolly Grevillea Blunt-leaf Bitter-pea Clustered Everlasting Fireweed Groundsel Bronze Bluebell Rough Bedstraw Austral Cranesbill Prickly Starwort Australian Stonecrop Kangaroo Grass Blue Snow-grass Bog Snow-grass Grey Tussock-grass Common Maidenhair Necklace Fern Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS SS MH MH Typical Weed Species Rosa rubiginosa Rubus laciniatus Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium arvense var. arvense Common Name Sweet Briar Cut-leaf Bramble Cat's Ear Hare’s-foot Clover Invasive high high high high Impact high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland Description: Virtually treeless and characterised by a dense layer of low heathy shrubs to 2 m tall, with a number of sedges and rushes in the understorey. Occurs at elevations above 1000 m, in soaks or along small streams. Rainfall is generally greater than 1000 mm per annum, and during winter, this EVC can tolerate long periods of snow cover and low temperature. Deep, peaty, sodden soils are usually covered by a layer of sphagnum moss. Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG #Spp 6 2 5 10 4 1 10 4 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Hakea microcarpa Comesperma retusum Olearia glandulosa Leptospermum myrtifolium r Pultenaea fasciculata Epacris microphylla s.l. Senecio hispidulus Senecio tenuiflorus Veronica gracilis Epilobium billardierianum Gratiola peruviana Brachyscome scapigera Lagenophora gracilis Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Hypericum japonicum Hydrocotyle tripartita Isotoma fluviatilis ssp. australis Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Juncus sarophorus Deyeuxia quadriseta Austrodanthonia laevis Poa sieberiana Luzula meridionalis Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Empodisma minus Baloskion australe r Juncus falcatus Eleocharis gracilis Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 30% 10% 5% 15% 10% 1% 20% 15% 20% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Small-fruit Hakea Mountain Milkwort Swamp Daisy-bush Myrtle Tea-tree Alpine Bush-pea Coral Heath Rough Fireweed Slender Fireweed Slender Speedwell Variable Willow-herb Austral Brooklime Tufted Daisy Slender Bottle-daisy Common Billy-buttons Matted St John's Wort Slender Pennywort Swamp Isotome Creeping Raspwort Broom Rush Reed Bent-grass Smooth Wallaby-grass Grey Tussock-grass Common Woodrush Grey Tussock-grass Spreading Rope-rush Mountain Cord-rush Sickle-leaf Rush Slender Spike-sedge EVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Trifolium repens var. repens Holcus lanatus Festuca rubra Common Name Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Self-heal Common Mouse-ear Chickweed White Clover Yorkshire Fog Red Fescue Invasive high high high high high high high Impact high low high low high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 318: Montane Swamp Description: Forms in drainage-lines on wet alluviums at montane and sub-montane elevations where annual rainfall is in the order of 650750 mm. The vegetation is virtually treeless but occasional eucalypt emergents may be present. Characterised by an open shrub layer and a ground layer with a diversity of sedges, grasses, herbs and ferns. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS MH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF #Spp 5 2 1 3 2 1 4 4 1 na %Cover 20% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 10% 15% 1% 40% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Baeckea utilis s.l. Leptospermum myrtifolium Epacris breviflora Hakea microcarpa Epacris microphylla s.l. Asperula conferta Leptinella filicula Carex appressa Schoenus apogon Isolepis subtilissima Festuca asperula Poa costiniana Baloskion australe Baumea gunnii Empodisma minus Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Mountain Baeckea Myrtle Tea-tree Drumstick Heath Small-fruit Hakea Coral Heath Common Woodruff Mountain Cotula Tall Sedge Common Bog-sedge Club-sedge Graceful Fescue Prickly Snow-grass Mountain Cord-rush Slender Twig-sedge Spreading Rope-rush Alpine Water-fern Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low EVC 318: Montane Swamp Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland Description: Occurs on southern and eastern-facing slopes or in protected gullies at elevations of around 1000 m above sea level, and receives a high rainfall of almost 1110 mm per annum. It is subject to cold air drainage, which influences the species mix. A mixture of eucalypts to 25 m tall forms the overstorey, with Silver Wattle abundant below. The shrub layer is neither diverse nor dense. The ground layer carries a diversity of herbs, graminoids and grasses. Climbers are commonly present. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Alpine Ash #Spp 2 6 2 1 5 12 3 1 8 1 3 2 na %Cover 5% 10% 15% 5% 1% 10% 20% 5% 5% 25% 1% 10% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Notelaea ligustrina Coprosma hirtella Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Coprosma quadrifida Exocarpos strictus Olearia erubescens Leucopogon hookeri Tetratheca ciliata Platylobium formosum Wahlenbergia stricta Epilobium billardierianum Picris angustifolia Derwentia derwentiana Ranunculus plebeius s.l. Stellaria pungens Asperula scoparia Acaena novae-zelandiae Hydrocotyle laxiflora Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Leptinella filicula Oxalis exilis Poa helmsii Lomandra longifolia Poa sieberiana Carex breviculmis Poa ensiformis Dianella tasmanica Echinopogon ovatus Pteridium esculentum Polystichum proliferum Asplenium flabellifolium Glycine clandestina Clematis aristata T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF SC SC Common Name Silver Wattle Privet Mock-olive Rough Coprosma Prickly Bush-pea Prickly Currant-bush Pale-fruit Ballart Moth Daisy-bush Mountain Beard-heath Pink-bells Handsome Flat-pea Tall Bluebell Variable Willow-herb Native Picris Derwent Speedwell Forest/Hairy Buttercup Prickly Starwort Prickly Woodruff Bidgee-widgee Stinking Pennywort Matted Pratia Mountain Cotula Shady Wood-sorrel Tall Mountain Tussock-grass Spiny-headed Mat-rush Grey Tussock-grass Common Grass-sedge Sword Tussock-grass Tasman Flax-lily Common Hedgehog-grass Austral Bracken Mother Shield-fern Necklace Fern Twining Glycine Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH SH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium repens var. repens Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear White Clover high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 702.61: Limestone Montane Grassland Description: Occurs on Silurian limestone at montane elevations around 1000 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically an open grassland with scattered, isolated patches of shrubs over a ground layer dominated by herbs and grasses. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS MS PS LH MH MH MH MH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF #Spp 2 1 1 3 11 3 6 2 2 na na %Cover 5% 1% 1% 5% 20% 10% 20% 5% 5% 20% 10% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Olearia alpicola Rr Discaria pubescens Exocarpos strictus Muehlenbeckia axillaris Senecio quadridentatus Geranium solanderi s.l. Asperula conferta Daucus glochidiatus Vv Thesium australe Scleranthus diander k Desmodium varians Themeda triandra v Poa hookeri Poa sieberiana var. hirtella Carex breviculmis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Asplenium flabellifolium r Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens LF code MS SS PS LH MH SH MTG MNG GF BL S/C Common Name Alpine Daisy-bush Hairy Anchor Plant Pale-fruit Ballart Matted Lignum Cotton Fireweed Austral Cranesbill Common Woodruff Australian Carrot Austral Toad-flax Tufted Knawel Slender Tick-trefoil Kangaroo Grass Hooker’s Tussock-grass Grey Tussock-grass Common Grass-sedge Weeping Grass Necklace Fern Common Spleenwort Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code MNG LH LH MH MH Typical Weed Species Aira caryophyllea Verbascum virgatum Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Silvery Hair-grass Twiggy Mullein Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Common Centaury Invasive high high high high high Impact high high high low low EVC 702.61: Limestone Montane Grassland Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands – Northern Fall bioregion EVC 702.62: Montane Grassland Description: Occurs primarily in areas at altitudes of around 700 to 1000 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically this EVC is dominated by grasses. The fertile and highly organic soils which are generally derived from Quaternary alluvial flats provide a suitable substrate for a lush cover of grasses and herbs. Life Forms: Life form Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust #Spp 1 3 11 3 6 2 na na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG %Cover 1% 5% 20% 10% 20% 5% 20% 10% LF code PS LH MH SH MTG MNG BL S/C 90% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Wilsonia rotundifolia Chrysocephalum apiculatum s.l. Wahlenbergia luteola Acaena agnipila Goodenia pinnatifida Leptorhynchos squamatus Cynoglossum suaveolens Desmodium gunnii Austrodanthonia penicillata Austrostipa scabra ssp. scabra Elymus scaber var. scaber Carex inversa Common Name Round-leaf Wilsonia Common Everlasting Bronze Bluebell Hairy Sheep’s Burr Cut-leaf Goodenia Scaly Buttons Sweet Hound’s-tongue Southern Tick-trefoil Slender Wallaby-grass Rough Spear-grass Common Wheat-grass Knob Sedge Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code MH MH SH Typical Weed Species Acetosella vulgaris Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium repens var. repens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Sheep Sorrel Cat's Ear White Clover Invasive high high high Impact high low high EVC 702.62: Montane Grassland Highlands - Northern Fall bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Highlands Northern Fall Bioregion EVC 937: Swampy Woodland Description: Open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground-layer dominated by tussock grasses and/or sedges and often rich in herbs. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils, primarily on swamp deposits but extending to suitable substrates within some landscapes of sedimentary origin. Large Trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 60 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 15% Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana Eucalyptus ovata Narrow-leaf Peppermint Mountain Swamp-gum Swamp Gum Understorey: Lifeform Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark #Spp %Cover LF Code 1 4 2 2 5 2 2 1 3 2 2 5% 5% 20% 5% 10% 10% 5% 10% 10% 10% 5% 10% 20% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL EVC 937: Swampy Woodland LF Code T T MS MS MS MS SS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Acacia melanoxylon Melaleuca ericifolia Coprosma quadrifida Epacris impressa Leptospermum continentale Ozothamnus ferrugineus Hibbertia riparia Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Senecio minimus Centella cordifolia Gonocarpus tetragynus Gratiola peruviana Mazus pumilio Dichondra repens Opercularia varia Carex appressa Gahnia sieberiana Gahnia radula Lepidosperma longitudinale Lepidosperma laterale Lomandra filiformis Schoenus apogon Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Poa tenera Lindsaea linearis Blackwood Swamp Paperbark Prickly Currant-bush Common Heath Prickly Tea-tree Tree Everlasting Erect Guinea-flower Tall Greenhood Shrubby Fireweed Centella Common Raspwort Austral Brooklime Swamp Mazus Kidney-weed Variable Stinkweed Tall Sedge Red-fruit Saw-sedge Thatch Saw-sedge Pithy Sword-sedge Variable Sword-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Common Bog-sedge Weeping Grass Slender Tussock-grass Screw Fern Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH SC LNG MH MH MTG Cirsium vulgare Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Holcus lanatus Hypochoeris radicata Allium triquetrum Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Spear Thistle Blackberry Yorkshire Fog Cat's Ear Three-corner Garlic Sweet Vernal-grass Invasive high high high high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2009 © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au Impact high high high low high high
