Practice Exam 1
Introduction, Respiratory System, Renal System: Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 22, 25
1) What part of a feedback loop processes information and determines an appropriate response?
A) receptor
B) effector
C) set point
D) integrator
2) Anatomic dead space plus the nonfunctional alveolar space equals the physiologic dead space.
A) True
B) False
3) As urine passes down the collecting duct, water leaves the tube by osmosis and, thus, the urine becomes more
and more concentrated.
A) True
B) False
4) If you become overheated, which of the following negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body
temperature?
A) sweating and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels
B) shivering and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels
C) sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels
D) shivering and vasodilation of surface blood vessels
5) Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?
A) Filter plasma
B) Regulate Blood Pressure
C) Regulate pH
D) All of the Above
6) Air moves into the lungs because:
A) the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration.
B) the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the
diaphragm contracts.
C) contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity.
D) the thorax is muscular.
E) the internal intercostal muscles decrease the thoracic cavity volume.
7) Alveolar ventilation rate is:
A) the utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.
B) the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
C) the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
D) less than the pulmonary ventilation rate because of dead space.
E) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
8) Which of the following is not found in the lungs?
A) Surfactant
B) Renin
C) Macrophages
D) Alveoli
9) This structure in the kidneys is responsible for filtration of the blood plasma.
A) Loop of Henle
B) Glomerulus
C) Proximal Convoluting Tubules
D) Collecting Duct
10) All of the following factors will cause the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to be lower except:
A) lower pH
B) rising body temperature
C) lower pO2 in tissues
D) elevated BPG levels
E) lower carbon dioxide concentrations
11) Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where:
A) temperature is lower.
B) partial pressures of oxygen are higher.
C) pH is more acidic.
D) pH is more alkaline.
E) partial pressures of carbon dioxide are lower.
12) If your blood pressure started to rise very rapidly, a set of activities that your body would undertake to reverse
this potentially dangerous condition would probably begin. The processes that would restore stability are called,
collectively,
A) homeostasis.
B) negative feedback.
C) set point.
D) the cell theory.
E) positive feedback.
13) Should blood pressure rise, one means of renal autoregulation would involve:
A) constriction of the proximal convoluted tubule
B) dilation of the afferent arteriole
C) constriction of the afferent arteriole
D) constriction of the efferent arteriole
E) dilation of the proximal convoluted tubule
14) The following parts of the nephron are always permeable to water.
A) Ascending Loop of Henle
B) Descending Loop of Henle
C) Distal Convoluted Tubule
D) Collecting Duct
15) What is the correct mRNA sequence derived from transcription of the following DNA sequence?
ATGCAGCATAA
A) ATGCAGCATAA
B) TACGTCGTATT
C) UACGUCGUAUU
D) UACGTCGUAUT
16) Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:
A) bound to hemoglobin.
B) dissolved in plasma.
C) converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
E) carried by white blood cells.
17) The most correct sequence of fluid flow through the kidney is:
A) nephron loop --> glomerular capsule --> proximal convoluted tubules --> distal convoluted
tubules --> collecting duct
B) glomerular capsule --> proximal convoluted tubules --> nephron loop --> distal convoluted
tubules --> collecting duct
C) proximal convoluted tubules --> distal convoluted tubules --> nephron loop --> glomerular
capsule --> collecting duct
D) distal convoluted tubules --> nephron loop --> proximal convoluted tubules --> glomerular
capsule --> collecting duct
E) nephron loop --> proximal convoluted tubules --> glomerular capsule --> distal convoluted
tubules --> collecting duct
18) Which respiratory measurement is normally the greatest?
A) Inspiratory capacity
B) Residual volume
C) Expiratory reserve volume
D) Vital capacity
E) Tidal volume
19) Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?
A) Transport of air
B) Gas exchange
C) Mucous secretion
D) Warming of air
E) Cleansing of air
20) If you have a low GFR, your body will do this to return to homeostasis.
A) dilate afferent arteriole, dilate efferent arteriole
B) dilate afferent arteriole, constrict efferent arteriole
C) constrict afferent arteriole, dilate efferent arteriole
D) constrict afferent arteriole, dilate efferent arteriole
21) In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is
A) lower than the PO2 of venous blood.
B) much higher than the PO2 of arterial blood.
C) equal to that in the tissues.
D) the same as the PO2 of venous blood.
E) about 104 mmHg.
22) This force acts against the glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
A) Blood colloid osmotic pressure
B) Capsular hydrostatic pressure
C) Tubular Reabsorption
D) A & B
E) B & C
23) Which of the following is not related to a high glomerular filtration rate?
A) dehydration
B) urine output increases
C) Electrolyte depletion
D) low blood pressure
Essay Topics
Below are 10 sample essay questions. For each, draft the response you would provide on an actual exam. Use key words and
topic sentences to make an outline of a potential essay. Make sure to draw any diagrams required. Note: Most of these
questions can most easily be answered with a schematic representation accompanied by brief descriptions of the drawn
elements. In other words: if it helps – DRAW A PICTURE.
Intro.
1. Explain the components of negative feedback, and contrast it to positive feedback. Give detailed examples of
each to illustrate the mechanism.
Respiratory
2. Explain how carbon dioxide is transported throughout the body.
3. List and define the 3 laws of gas exchange and explain the application of each in respiration.
4. Recreate the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and restate, in your own words, the concepts represented by the
curve. Explain the effects of pH and heat on this curve.
5. Calculate the alveolar ventilation rate for the average person. How does an increase in alveolar dead space
affect the AVR?
Renal
6. Discuss renal autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate.
7. Describe the concentration of urine in the kidneys by tracing the path of filtrate from the glomerulus to the
collecting duct.
8. List and explain the forces that act in filtration.
9. Explain how concentrated urine is formed using the countercurrent multiplier.
10. Discuss the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis with respect to its role in the regulation of kidney function.
Note: We have not talked about these yet, thus we will not go over them during the exam review.
Regardless, be able to answer these questions.