Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective:
Name:
Human Genetics Vocabulary
part 2
Class/Period:
Science
Date:10/28/2014
Essential Question: What are some key terms for understanding human genetics?
Questions:
Notes:
Key Term
gene
Definition
A structure made of DNA,
found in the __________________
of a cell.
You inherit _________ of your
chromosomes from Mom
and 1/2 from Dad
They come in pairs –
humans have ________pairs of
chromosomes in each cell. It
is the location of _____________
occur in pairs specific
location on a _________________
contains exact instructions
for creating a _________________
A form of a ___________________.
2 possible alleles – dominant
and recessive. A capital
letter represents dominant
allele and a lower case letter
represents recessive allele.
genotype
two letters representing a
____________ pair
physical appearance
what the trait will look like
(based on the genotype)
_______________ Dominant allele completely
dominance
masks (covers up) the
recessive allele. If even one
dominant allele is present in
a genotype, the dominant
trait will show. A recessive
trait only shows when there
are no dominant alleles
present in the genotype.
Example
___ – dominant allele
____ – recessive allele
________– dominant trait
shows
________ – dominant trait
shows
________– recessive trait
shows
Questions:
Notes:
_______ – dominant trait shows
_______________ dominant allele does not
dominance
completely __________ (cover _______ – part dominant /part
recessive trait shows
up) the recessive allele
________ – recessive trait shows
Punnett
square
Summary:
A tool used to predict the
______________________ of offspring
having a particular trait. The
parent’s genotypes are written
on the top and left side. The
offspring possibilities are
written inside the squares. An
allele from each parent is
combined inside the squares.
Likelihood that a particular
genotype or phenotype will
occur. Can be shown as a
percentage or a ratio. In a 2x2
Punnett square, each offspring
square is equal to ____________%.
_______________ prefix homo- means “___________”
synonyms
both alleles in a genotype are
purebred
the same – both are dominant,
trueor both are recessive
breeding
_______________ prefix hetero- means “__________”
synonym:
the alleles in a genotype are
hybrid
different – one is dominant and
the other is recessive
coTwo equally _______________ alleles
dominance
either (or both) will completely
mask the recessive allele. If
both dominant alleles are
present in a genotype, both
forms will _____________________.
Recessive form only shows
when neither dominant allele is
present in the gene pair
In the Punnett square
shown above, the
probability of
having a particular
genotype is 50% for AA,
and 50% for Aa.
____________________ alleles: A, B, and O
A & B are co-dominant. O is recessive
Six possible genotypes &
Four basic blood types (phenotypes):
___________, ___________, __________, and ___
Mom is type B; Dad is O
Mom could be genotype
BB or BO; Dad
must be OO
EE – homozygous
dominant
ee – homozygous
recessive
Ee – heterozygous
See blood types
(below)
for an example.