Unit 7: Water & Water Pollution
Chapter 11, Section 3: Water Pollution
Standards: SCSh 6d
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Introduction of _________________, _________________, or
__________________ agents into water that degrade water quality and
adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water.
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____________________________________
Rapid _______________________________________ growth
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Developed countries• Main causes
• _______________________
• ____________________________ runoff
Developing countries• Main causes
• ____________________________ runoff
• ____________________________
What is water
pollution?
What are two
underlying causes of
water pollution?
How does water
pollution differ
between developed
and developing
countries?
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What are two sources
of pollution?
What are 6 types of
water pollution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pathogens
Organic
Matter
Organic
Chemical
Inorganic
chemicals
Heavy Metals
Physical
Agents
Name __________________
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Point Source Pollution
• Discharged from _______________ source
• Easy to __________________________ to source
• Ex: leaking oil tanker, factory pipe, wastewater treatment plant
Non-point Source Pollution
• Discharged from many __________________ sources
• _______________________ to trace back to source
• Runoff in river could come from ______________, __________- difficult
to pinpoint specific car or farm
• ______% of water pollution is this type
• ____________________________ public about awareness of problem
and what not to do helps control non-point
1. Pathogens
• ______________________________ organisms
• Ex:
• Bacteria- ________________
• Viruses- _________________
• __________________- Giardia, Cryptosporidia
• _________________________ worms- filariasis
• Sources:
• __________________________________________
• Livestock feedlots & poultry farms
• ________________________ from overburdened wastewater
treatment plants
2. Organic Matter
• Remains of plants or animals
• _______________
• ____________________________
• Sources:
• Mostly ___________________ sources
• ____________________
• Food processing plants
What are 6 types of
water pollution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pathogens
Organic
Matter
Organic
Chemical
Inorganic
chemicals
Heavy Metals
Physical
Agents
3. Organic Chemicals
• _________________
• __________________
• __________________
• Detergents
• ___________________
• Sources:
• __________
• Lawns
• _______________________
• Roads
• ________________________
• __________________ underground storage tanks
4. Inorganic Chemicals
• Acids
• ______________
• ______________
• Industrial chemicals
• Sources:
• ___________________________
• Road surfaces
• ___________________________
• Acid rain
5. Heavy Metals
• _______________- causes developmental problems in children
• _________________- from burning coal; causes nerve disorders
• _________________- from batteries; severe pain, softening of bones, kidney
failure
• _________________- headache, confusion, diarrhea, drowsiness, skin disorders
• Sources:
• ________________________________
• Unlined landfills
• ________________________________
• Some are __________________________ (arsenic)
What are 6 types of
water pollution?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pathogens
Organic
Matter
Organic
Chemical
Inorganic
chemicals
Heavy Metals
Physical
Agents
6. Physical Agents
• Thermal pollution (water too hot)
• Sources:
• ______________ of trees over river (decreased shade)
• ___________________________ dump hot waste water
• ______________________ from parking lots
• Effects:
• hot water ____________________________________ in water
causing massive fish kills
• Sediment pollution
• One of the _________________________________ pollutants in
Georgia
• Sources:
• ____________________________________
• Removal of trees/plants
• Effects:
• water becomes cloudy (__________________) which blocks
sunlight for plants/algae
• ________________________________ in water if plants are
affected
• causes lakes/ponds rivers to fill in which increases risk of
_________________________________
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How are water
pollutants removed
from water?
How does water
pollution affect
ecosystems?
Wastewater Treatment Plants
• Treat waste water pollutants from homes or industry
• Not all chemicals can be removed from waste water (removing these is
expensive & difficult)
• Creates sewage ____________________
• May be hazardous & must be disposed of as hazardous waste
where it is incinerated & ash buried in secure landfill.
(expensive)
• If treated can be turned into _____________________ or added
to clay to make ___________________
___________________________ Eutrophication:
• Dead leaves & animal waste get decomposed by bacteria.
• Bacteria population increases with increased food source
• Bacteria use up oxygen in water
• Hypoxic (lacking oxygen) water cannot support animals
• Animals die and their bodies accumulate on bottom of pond, filling it in (with
dead plant matter)
• Pond becomes meadow and eventually a forest
• Takes ______________________________ of years
How does water
pollution affect
ecosystems?
(cont’d)
__________________________ Eutrophication:
• Acceleration of natural eutrophication- decades instead of centuries.
• Caused by increased use of fertilizers on crops and sewage runoff
• Algae grow quickly with increased fertilizer.
• Algae outcompete each other and some die.
• Bacteria decompose their bodies and use up oxygen in water.
• Less oxygen puts stress on fish and other aquatic animals.
• Leads to death of ecosystem.
_________________________________________:
• When pollutants accumulate in an animal and that animal is eaten, transferring
that pollutant up the food chain.
• Ex: DDT and eagles/osprey.
• DDT builds in fat tissue
• Highest on food chain most affected b/c pollutant does not breakdown.
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Anything on surface of ground that can affect surface water can affect
groundwater.
• _____________________________________
• __________________________________________________
• _______________________________________ tanks for gasoline,
sewage/septic systems, chemicals can leak into groundwater.
• Don’t always know location of these tanks so may leak until
someone notices large instance of disease in an area.
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Takes a long time to _______________________ water to dilute pollutants
_______________________________________ groundwater to clean it up.
Pollutant attaches to __________________________ so even if water pumped
out and replaced with clean water would still become polluted.
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Ships can _________________________ wastewater and non-plastic garbage
overboard into some parts of the ocean.
Most ocean pollution (__________%) comes from _____________
• Oil
• Toxic waste
• Medical waste
• Plastic/litter
Pollutants travel down rivers and most seriously affect ____________ areas.
Only ___% of oil spills from oil tanker accidents
• Each year 37 million gallons of oil from tanker accidents are spilled into
oceans
Most oil ocean pollution comes from _________________- non-point sources
• People pour car oil down ____________________________ (bad- take it
to a recycling facility!)
• Small leaks on ______________________________________- boats, jet
skis, etc.
What type of pollution
can you find in
groundwater?
Why is cleaning
groundwater more
difficult than surface
water?
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How are our oceans
polluted?
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Where does most oil
pollution in oceans
come from?
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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
Deepwater Horizon BP
Oil Spill
How are oil spills
cleaned up?
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What impact does
plastic have on the
ocean?
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What laws are
established to protect
our water quality?
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March 1989
Exxon Valdez Oil Tanker ran aground on reef in Prince William Sound in Alaska
Released ___________ million gallons of oil
Killed 1,000’s of birds and other wildlife
Ruined fishing industry in the area
Fined __________________________
Now ships required to have ________________________ (outer layer of metal)
around oil containers in ship.
April 2010
Largest accidental marine oil spill in history
After an explosion and fire on the oil rig __________million gallons of oil leaked
from broken pipe under water for 87 days
Affected marine fisheries, people’s jobs, wildlife, killed 11 people.
As of 2013, BP has been fined _________________________, lost contracts,
and is under government supervision for the next four years.
Try to contain the spill using _________________________
________________ separate oil from water. Hold oil until it can be disposed of.
May ___________ it off
_____________________________- add genetically engineered bacteria to eat
the left over oil.
Plastic:
• _______________________________
• Plastic floats
• sea turtles mistake it for __________________ and eat it
• Plastic cannot be digested, turtle feels full, stops eating, and
starves.
• Plastic can _______________________ ocean animals
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
• Large area in Pacific Ocean where plastic garbage from Japan & US is
accumulating. Threatens health of wildlife & nobody wants to pay to
clean it up.
_________________________________________ (1972)
• Restore & maintain the chemical, physical, & biological integrity of our
nation’s waters; make them fishable & swimmable by 1983
________________________________________________ (1975)
• Established standards for drinking water contaminants
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation & Liability Act
(_________________) (1980)
• AKA _________________________________
• Makes owners, operators, consumers of hazardous waste sites
responsible for cleanup
________________________________________________ (1990)
• Required all oil tankers entering US waters to have double hull.
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You should be able
to…
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Explain why point-source pollution is easier to control than nonpoint-source
pollution
List the major types of water pollutants. Suggest ways to reduce the levels of
each of type of pollutant in a water supply
Describe the unique problems of cleaning up groundwater pollution.
Describe the sources of most ocean pollution. Is it point-source pollution or
non-point source pollution?