Flood Risk Report
ESSEX COUNTY, MA
City of Beverly, City of Gloucester, City of Lynn, City of Newburyport, City of Peabody, City
of Salem, Town of Danvers, Town of Essex, Town of Georgetown, Town of Hamilton, Town
of Ipswich, Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea, Town of Marblehead, Town of Nahant, Town
of Newbury, Town of Rockport, Town of Rowley, Town of Saugus, Town of Swampscott,
Town of Wenham, Town of West Newbury
Report Number 001
7/29/2013
Draft
ESSEX COUNTY, MA PMR COASTAL STUDY UPDATES FLOOD RISK REPORT
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Project Area Community List
Community Name
CITY OF BEVERLY
TOWN OF DANVERS
TOWN OF ESSEX
TOWN OF GEORGETOWN
CITY OF GLOUCESTER
TOWN OF HAMILTON
TOWN OF IPSWICH
CITY OF LYNN
TOWN OF MANCHESTER-BY-THE-SEA
TOWN OF MARBLEHEAD
TOWN OF NAHANT
TOWN OF NEWBURY
CITY OF NEWBURYPORT
CITY OF PEABODY
TOWN OF ROCKPORT
TOWN OF ROWLEY
CITY OF SALEM
TOWN OF SAUGUS
TOWN OF SWAMPSCOTT
TOWN OF WENHAM
TOWN OF WEST NEWBURY
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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Preface
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Risk
Mapping, Assessment, and Planning (Risk MAP) program provides states, tribes, and local communities
with flood risk information and tools that they can use to increase their resilience to flooding and better
protect their citizens. By pairing accurate floodplain maps with risk assessment tools and planning and
outreach support, Risk MAP has transformed traditional flood mapping efforts into an integrated
process of identifying, assessing, communicating, planning for, and mitigating flood-related risks.
This Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides non-regulatory information to help local or tribal officials,
floodplain managers, planners, emergency managers, and others better understand their flood risk, take
steps to mitigate those risks, and communicate those risks to their citizens and local businesses.
Because flood risk often extends beyond community limits, the FRR provides flood risk data for the
entire Flood Risk Project as well as for each individual community. This also emphasizes that flood risk
reduction activities may impact areas beyond jurisdictional boundaries.
Flood risk is always changing, and there may be other studies, reports, or sources of information
available that provide more comprehensive information. The FRR is not intended to be regulatory or the
final authoritative source of all flood risk data in the project area. Rather, it should be used in
conjunction with other data sources to provide a comprehensive picture of flood risk within the project
area.
Approximately 488 miles of shoreline in Essex County were studied by detailed coastal analysis to
develop flood hazard parameters. This study covers only the flood risk from the Essex County Coastal
Physical Map Revision (PMR) and does not include all flood risks within the communities located within
Essex County.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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Table of Contents
1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.1
2
3
About Flood Risk ............................................................................................................. 6
1.1.1
Calculating Flood Risk ............................................................................................. 6
1.1.2
Risk MAP Flood Risk Products ................................................................................ 6
1.2
Uses of this Report ........................................................................................................... 7
1.3
Sources of Flood Risk Assessment Data Used................................................................. 8
1.4
Related Resources ............................................................................................................ 9
Flood Risk Analysis .............................................................................................................. 11
2.1
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 11
2.2
Analysis of Risk ............................................................................................................. 11
2.2.1
Changes Since Last FIRM ...................................................................................... 11
2.2.2
Flood Depth and Analysis Grids ............................................................................. 13
2.2.3
Coastal-Specific Datasets.......................................................................................... 14
2.2.4
Estimated Flood Loss Information.......................................................................... 15
Flood Risk Analysis Results ................................................................................................. 17
3.1
Flood Risk Map .............................................................................................................. 18
3.2
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR Summary .................................................................. 20
3.2.1
Overview ................................................................................................................. 20
3.2.2
Flood Risk Datasets ................................................................................................ 22
3.3
Communities .................................................................................................................. 24
3.3.1
City of Beverly Summary (CID 250077)................................................................ 25
3.3.2
City of Gloucester Summary (CID 250082) ........................................................... 28
3.3.3
City of Lynn Summary (CID 250088) .................................................................... 31
3.3.4
City of Newburyport Summary (CID 250097) ....................................................... 34
3.3.5
City of Peabody Summary (CID 250099) .............................................................. 37
3.3.6
City of Salem Summary (CID 250102) .................................................................. 40
3.3.7
Town of Danvers Summary (CID 250079) ............................................................ 43
3.3.8
Town of Essex Summary (CID 250080) ................................................................ 46
3.3.9
Town of Georgetown Summary (CID 250081) ...................................................... 49
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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3.3.10 Town of Hamilton Summary (CID 250084) ........................................................... 52
3.3.11 Town of Ipswich Summary (CID 250086) ............................................................. 55
3.3.12 Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea Summary (CID 250090) .................................... 58
3.3.13 Town of Marblehead Summary (CID 250091) ....................................................... 61
3.3.14 Town of Nahant Summary (CID 250095) .............................................................. 64
3.3.15 Town of Newbury Summary (CID 250096) ........................................................... 67
3.3.16 Town of Rockport Summary (CID 250100) ........................................................... 70
3.3.17 Town of Rowley Summary (CID 250101) ............................................................. 73
3.3.18 Town of Saugus Summary (CID 250104) .............................................................. 76
3.3.19 Town of Swampscott Summary (CID 250105) ...................................................... 79
3.3.20 Town of Wenham Summary (CID 250107) ........................................................... 82
3.3.21 Town of West Newbury Summary (CID 250108) .................................................. 85
4
Actions to Reduce Flood Risk .............................................................................................. 88
4.1
5
Types of Mitigation Actions .......................................................................................... 88
4.1.1
Preventative Measures ............................................................................................ 88
4.1.2
Property Protection Measures ................................................................................. 88
4.1.3
Natural Resource Protection Activities ................................................................... 89
4.1.4
Structural Mitigation Projects ................................................................................. 89
4.1.5
Public Education and Awareness Activities ........................................................... 89
4.1.6
Emergency Service Measures ................................................................................. 90
4.2
Identifying Specific Actions for Your Community........................................................ 91
4.3
Mitigation Programs and Assistance .............................................................................. 92
4.3.1
FEMA Mitigation Programs and Assistance .......................................................... 92
4.3.2
Additional Mitigation Programs and Assistance .................................................... 93
Acronyms and Definitions .................................................................................................... 94
5.1
Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... 94
5.2
Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 95
6
Additional Resources ............................................................................................................ 99
7
Data Used to Develop Flood Risk Products ....................................................................... 101
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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FLOOD RISK REPORT
1 Introduction
1.1
About Flood Risk
Floods are naturally occurring phenomena that can and do happen
almost anywhere. In its most basic form, a flood is an accumulation of
water over normally dry areas. Floods become hazardous to people and
property when they inundate an area where development has occurred,
causing losses. Mild flood losses may have little impact on people or
property, such as damage to landscaping or the generation of unwanted
debris. Severe flooding can destroy buildings, ruin crops, and cause
critical injuries or death.
1.1.1 Calculating Flood Risk
It is not enough to simply identify where flooding may occur. Just
because one knows where a flood occurs does not mean they know the
risk of flooding. The most common method for determining flood risk,
also referred to as vulnerability, is to identify the probability of flooding
and the consequences of flooding. In other words:

Flood Risk (or Vulnerability) = Probability x Consequences; where

Probability = the likelihood of occurrence

Consequences = the estimated impacts associated with the
occurrence
Flooding is a natural part of our
world and our communities.
Flooding becomes a significant
hazard, however, when it
intersects with the built
environment.
Which picture below shows
more flood risk?
The probability of a flood is the likelihood that a flood will occur. The
probability of flooding can change based on physical, environmental,
and/or contributing engineering factors. Factors affecting the
probability that a flood will impact an area range from changing
weather patterns to the existence of mitigation projects. The ability to
assess the probability of a flood and the level of accuracy for that
assessment are also influenced by modeling methodology
advancements, better knowledge, and longer periods of record for the
water body in question.
The consequences of a flood are the estimated impacts associated with
the flood occurrence. Consequences relate to humans activities within
an area and how a flood impacts the natural and built environments.
1.1.2 Risk MAP Flood Risk Products
Through Risk MAP, FEMA provides communities with updated Flood
Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FISs) that
focus on the probability of floods and that show where flooding may
occur as well as the calculated 1% annual chance flood elevation. The
1% annual chance flood, also known as the base flood, has a 1% chance
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
Even if you assume that the flooding
in both pictures was the same
probability—let’s say a 10-percentannual-chance flood—the
consequences in terms of property
damage and potential injury as a
result of the flood in the bottom
picture are much more severe.
Therefore, the flood risk in the area
shown in the bottom picture is
higher.
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of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. FEMA understands that
flood risk is dynamic—that flooding does not stop at a line on a map—
and as such, provides the following flood risk products:

Flood Risk Report (FRR): The FRR presents key risk analysis data for
the Flood Risk Project.

Flood Risk Map (FRM): Like the example found in Section 3.1 of this
document, the FRM shows a variety of flood risk information in the
project area. More information about the data shown on the FRM
may be found in Section 2 of this report.

Flood Risk Database (FRD): The FRD is in GIS format and houses the
flood risk data developed during the course of the flood risk analysis
that can be used and updated by the community. After the Flood
Risk Project is complete, this data can be used in many ways to
visualize and communicate flood risk within the Flood Risk Project.
These Flood Risk Products provide flood risk information at both the
Flood Risk Project level and community level (for those portions of each
community within the Flood Risk Project). They demonstrate how
decisions made within a Flood Risk Project can impact properties
downstream, upstream, or both. Community-level information is
particularly useful for mitigation planning and emergency management
activities, which often occur at a jurisdictional level.
1.2
Whether or not an area might
flood is one consideration. The
extent to which it might flood adds
a necessary dimension to that
understanding.
Uses of this Report
The goal of this report is to help inform and enable communities and tribes to take action to reduce
flood risk. Possible users of this report include:

Local elected officials

Floodplain managers

Community planners

Emergency managers

Public works officials

Other special interests (e.g., watershed conservation groups, environmental awareness
organizations, etc.)
State, local, and tribal officials can use the summary information provided in this report, in conjunction
with the data in the FRD, to:

Update local hazard mitigation plans. As required by the 2000 Federal Stafford Act, local hazard
mitigation plans must be updated at least every five (5) years. Summary information presented in
Section 3 of this report and the FRM can be used to identify areas that may need additional focus
when updating the risk assessment section of a local hazard mitigation plan. Information found in
Section 4 pertains to the different mitigation techniques and programs and can be used to inform
decisions related to the mitigation strategy of local plans.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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
Update community comprehensive plans. Planners can use flood
risk information in the development and/or update of
comprehensive plans, future land use maps, and zoning regulations.
For example, zoning codes may be changed to better provide for
appropriate land uses in high-hazard areas.

Update emergency operations and response plans. Emergency
managers can identify low-risk areas for potential evacuation and
sheltering and can help first responders avoid areas of high-depth
flood water. Risk assessment results may reveal vulnerable areas,
facilities, and infrastructure for which planning for continuity of
operations plans (COOP), continuity of government (COG) plans,
and emergency operations plans (EOP) would be essential.

Develop hazard mitigation projects. Local officials (e.g., planners
and public works officials) can use flood risk information to reevaluate and prioritize mitigation actions in local hazard mitigation
plans.

Communicate flood risk. Local officials can use the information in
this report to communicate with property owners, business owners,
and other citizens about flood risks, changes since the last FIRM,
and areas of mitigation interest. The report layout allows
community information to be extracted in a fact sheet format.

Inform the modification of development standards. Floodplain
managers, planners, and public works officials can use information
in this report to support the adjustment of development standards
for certain locations. For example, structures built in areas with a
moderate wave hazard could benefit from the same building
standards as those built in high wave hazard areas.
The Flood Risk Database, Flood Risk Map, and Flood Risk Report are
“non-regulatory” products. They are available and intended for
community use but are neither mandatory nor tied to the regulatory
development and insurance requirements of the National Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP). They may be used as regulatory products by
communities if authorized by state and local enabling authorities.
1.3
Vulnerability of infrastructure is another
important consideration.
Buildings with foundations that
withstand wave action are more likely
to survive coastal flooding.
Sources of Flood Risk Assessment Data Used
To assess potential community losses, or the consequences portion of the “risk” equation, the following
data is typically collected for analysis and inclusion in a Flood Risk Project:

Information about local assets or resources at risk of flooding

Information about the physical features and human activities that contribute to that risk

Information about where the risk is most severe
For most Flood Risk Projects, FEMA uses the following sources of flood
risk information to develop this report:
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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
Hazus estimated flood loss information

New engineering analyses (e.g., hydrology and hydraulic modeling)
to develop new flood boundaries

Locally supplied data (see Section 7 for a description)

Sources identified during the Discovery process
1.4
Related Resources
For a more comprehensive picture of flood risk, FEMA recommends that
state and local officials use the information provided in this report in
conjunction with other sources of flood risk data, such as those listed
below.

FIRMs and FISs. This information indicates areas with specific flood
hazards by identifying the limit and extent of the 1-percent-annualchance floodplain, the 0.2-percent-annual-chance floodplain,
Primary Frontal Dunes, and wave hazards (VE Zones and the Limit of
Moderate Wave Action (LIMWA)). FIRMs and FIS Reports do not
necessarily identify all floodplains in a Flood Risk Project. The FIS
Report includes summary information regarding other frequencies
of stillwater (storm surge) flooding. In rural areas and areas for
which flood hazard data are not available, the 1-percent-annualchance floodplain may not be identified.

Hazus Flood Loss Estimation Reports. Hazus can be used to
generate reports, maps and tables on potential flood damage that
can occur based on new/proposed mitigation projects or future
development patterns and practices. Hazus can also run specialized
risk assessments, such as what happens when a dam or levee fails.
Flood risk assessment tools are available through other agencies as
well, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USACE). Other existing coastal or watershed reports may have a
different focus, such as water quality, but may also contain flood
risk and risk assessment information. See Section 6 for additional
resources.
FEMA data can be leveraged to
identify and measure
vulnerability by including local
building information (i.e. building
type). The examples above
show various ways to display
flooding intersecting with
buildings.

Flood or multi-hazard mitigation plans. Local hazard mitigation
plans include risk assessments that contain flood risk information
and mitigation strategies that identify community priorities and
actions to reduce flood risk. This report was informed by any
existing mitigation plans in the Flood Risk Project.

Hurricane Evacuation Studies. Produced through a joint effort by FEMA, NOAA, and USACE,
Hurricane Evacuation Studies provide tools and information to the state and county emergency
management offices to help determine who should evacuate during hurricane threats, and when
those evacuations should occur. The information can be used to supplement or update hurricane
evacuation plans and operational procedures for responding to hurricane threats.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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
Tsunami Inundation Maps. Maps depicting tsunami inundation hazard zones are produced for
coastal areas exposed to tsunami threats, typically those on with Pacific Ocean coasts. The mapping
is accomplished through efforts coordinated by FEMA, NOAA, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
USACE, and numerous state and local agencies. The maps can be used by communities to
supplement or update emergency management and evacuation plans.

FEMA Map Service Center (MSC). The MSC has useful information, including fly sheets, phone
numbers, data, etc. Letters of Map Change are also available through the MSC. The user can view
DFIRM databases and the National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) Database.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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2 Flood Risk Analysis
2.1
Overview
Flood hazard identification uses FIRMs, and FIS Reports identify where
flooding can occur along with the probability and depth of that flooding.
Flood risk assessment is the systematic approach to identifying how
flooding impacts the environment. In hazard mitigation planning, flood
risk assessments serve as the basis for mitigation strategies and actions
by defining the hazard and enabling informed decision making. Fully
assessing flood risk requires the following:

Identifying the flooding source and determining the flood
hazard occurrence probability

Developing a complete profile of the flood hazard including
historical occurrence and previous impacts

Inventorying assets located in the identified flood hazard area

Estimating potential future flood losses caused by exposure to
the flood hazard area
Flood risk analyses are different methods used in flood risk assessment
to help quantify and communicate flood risk. Coastal flood risk analysis
can be performed on a large scale (state, county) level and on a very
small scale (parcel, census block). Advantages of large-scale coastal
flood risk analysis, especially at county level, include identifying how
actions and development in one community can affect surge and wave
propagation of adjacent coastal areas. On the parcel or census block
level, flood risk analysis can provide actionable data to individual
property owners so they can take appropriate mitigation steps.
2.2
Analysis of Risk
The FRR, FRM, and FRD contain a variety of flood risk analysis
information to help describe and visualize flood risk within the coastal
study area. For Essex County, MA this information includes the
following elements:

Changes Since Last FIRM

Wave Height Grids

Coastal Flood Risk Assessments

Coastal Wave Hazard Severity Areas
2.2.1 Changes Since Last FIRM
Flooding impacts non-populated
areas too, such as agricultural
lands and wildlife habitats.
State and Local Hazard
Mitigation Plans are required to
have a comprehensive allhazard risk assessment. The
flood risk analyses in the FRR,
FRM, and FRD can inform the
flood hazard portion of a
community’s or state’s risk
assessment. Further, data in
the FRD can be used to
develop information that meets
the requirements for risk
assessments as it relates to the
hazard of flood in hazard
mitigation plans.
The Changes Since Last FIRM (CSLF) dataset, stored in the FRD and
shown in Section 3 of this report, illustrates where changes to flood risk
may have occurred since the last FIRM was published for the subject
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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area. Communities can use this information to update their mitigation
plans, specifically quantifying “what is at risk” and identifying possible
mitigation activities.
The CSLF dataset identifies changes in the Special Flood Hazard Area
(SFHA) since the previous FIRM was developed. These datasets quantify
land area increases and decreases to the coastal SFHA, as well as areas
where the flood zone designation has changed (e.g., Zone A to AE, AE to
VE, shaded Zone X protected by levee to AE for de-accredited levees).
The CSLF dataset is created in areas that were previously mapped using
digital FIRMs. The CSLF dataset for this project area includes:

Floodplain and/or Zone Break Boundary Changes: Any changes to
the existing floodplain or zone boundaries are depicted in this
dataset

Floodplain Designation Changes: This includes changed floodplain
designations (e.g., Zone AE to Zone VE).

CSLF Information: Within this dataset additional information is
provided to help explain the floodplain and floodway boundary
changes shown on the FIRM. This information is stored as digital
attributes within the CSLF polygons and may include some or all of
the following:
o
Changes in 1% SWEL
o
Changes in computed wave setup elevation
o
Changes to the modeling methodology (e.g., storm surge
modeling)
o
New shore-protection structures (e.g., seawall, revetment etc.)
o
Changed to the Primary Frontal Dune (PFD) boundary
delineation due to sedimentation and/or erosion
It should be noted that reasons for the floodplain and floodway
changes (also known as Contributing Engineering Factors) are
intended to give the user a general sense of what caused the
change, as opposed to providing a reason for each and every area of
change.


Count of Affected Structures: The total estimated count of
affected buildings within the area of change. The data is only made
available because the local jurisdiction was able to provide
accurate building footprint data indicating the location of
structures in and adjacent to the identified floodplains).
Count of Affected Population: The total estimated affected
population within the area of change. The data is only made
available because the local jurisdiction was able to provide
population data that accompanied the structure data noted above.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
Floodplain maps have evolved
considerably from the older paperbased FIRMs to the latest digital
products and datasets.
CSLF data can be used to
communicate changes in the
physical flood hazard area (size,
location) as part of the release of
new FIRMS. It can also be used in
the development or update of
hazard mitigation plans to
describe changes in hazard as
part of the hazard profile.
CSLF data is shown in the FRR,
and underlying data is stored in
the FRD.
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2.2.2 Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
Grids are FEMA datasets provided in the FRD to better describe the risk
of the flood hazard. While the FIRM and FIS Report describe “what” is at
risk by identifying the hazard areas, water surface, flood depth, and
analysis grids can help define “how bad” the risk is within those
identified areas. These grids are intended to be used by communities for
additional analysis, enhanced visualization, and communication of flood
risks for hazard mitigation planning and emergency management. The
Flood Depth and Analysis Grids provide an alternative way to visualize
how a particular flood characteristic (depth, wave heights, etc.) vary
within the floodplain. Since they are derived from the engineering
modeling results, they are typically associated with a particular
frequency-based flooding event (e.g., 1% annual chance event). Grids
provided in the FRD for Essex County, MA include the following:

Flood Depth Grid (for the 1% annual chance flood frequency): A
Flood Depth Grid is created during the course of a Flood Risk
Project. These grids communicate flood depth as a function of the
difference between the calculated water surface elevation and the
ground.
Coastal flood depth grids are created for areas where the dominant
wave hazard is overland wave propagation. The grid depicts the
difference in elevation between the wave crest elevation and the
ground. For Essex County, MA the depth grid for the 1-percentannual-chance (base) flood for which overland wave propagation
results are produced as a part of the FIS is provided in the FRD.
Depth grids form the basis for refined Hazus loss estimates (as
presented in a table in Section 3 of this report) and are used to
calculate potential flood losses for display on the FRM and for
tabular presentation in this report. Depth grids may also be used
for a variety of ad-hoc risk visualization and mitigation initiatives.

Coastal Wave Height Grid: This dataset represents the controlling
wave height for a given flood frequency. It depicts the exposure to
the wave hazard component of coastal flooding. This raster
reflects the controlling wave height typically computed along
transects by the Wave Height Analysis for Flood Insurance Studies
(WHAFIS) model for the 1-percent-annual-change (base) flood.
Wave impacts are known to be a significant cause of damage to
structures in the coastal zone.
Grid data can make flood mapping
more informative. The top image is a
flood depth grid showing relative
depths of water in a scenario flood
event. The bottom image is a percent
annual chance of flooding grid, which
shows inundation areas of various
frequency floods.
Grid data can be used to
communicate the variability of
floodplains, such as where
floodplains are particularly deep or
hazardous, where residual risks lie
behind levees, and where losses
may be great after a flood event.
For mitigation planning, grid data
can inform the hazard profile and
vulnerability analysis (what is at risk
for different frequencies) and can
be used for preliminary benefit-cost
analysis screening. For floodplain
management, higher regulatory
standards can be developed in
higher hazard flood prone areas
(i.e., 10-percent-chance floodplains
or deep floodplains).
Grid data is stored in the FRD, and
a list of available grid data is
provided in the FRR. Visualizations
of grids (maps) are not provided.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
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2.2.3 Coastal-Specific Datasets
Unique hazards are present in communities and locations along the
coast. Because of the low and mildly sloping topography, some coastal
communities may be exposed to large increases in inundated areas
from only minor increases in water levels. Certain areas along the coast
may also be more vulnerable to storm-induced coastal erosion,
depending on the size and condition of coastal dunes. The following
datasets provide information that help communicate some of these
coastal-specific risks.

Coastal Wave Hazard Severity Areas
This dataset represents the relative level of wave hazard severity
within the 1-percent-annual-chance floodplain. Areas designated as
coastal high hazard areas, Zone V or VE, including the primary
frontal dune if present, are assigned a hazard rating of “High”. A
“Moderate” rating is given to non-V Zone areas with wave heights
between 1.5 – 3 feet. This “Moderate” area is especially beneficial
to identify since FEMA encourages adoption of VE Zone NFIP
regulations in these areas and provides CRS credit for doing so. In
addition, if Essex County, MA has adopted building codes requiring
higher building standards in Coastal A Zones, these could apply in
“Moderate” hazard areas. A “Minimal” rating is given to non-V
Zone areas with wave heights less than 1.5 feet. Additionally, if a
community has building footprint information, this dataset can
store a count of the number of structures located within each wave
hazard classification polygon.

Coastal Increased Inundation Areas
Coastal-specific flood risk datasets
help identify and communicate the
hazards that are unique to coastal
communities.
The increased inundation dataset, stored in the FRD, illustrates the
areas that would be exposed to flooding by flood levels that exceed a
given flood frequency. The polygon dataset depicts areas that would be
flooded by additional 1, 2, or 3 feet of flooding above the total water
level elevation (stillwater plus waves) for a specified flood frequency.
This product helps to communicate “what if” scenarios, e.g., what if a
flood event exceeds the X-percent-annual-chance level by Y-feet, or, what if sea level rise causes
flood levels to increase for the X-percent-annual-chance level, by highlighting the areas that would
be inundated if flood levels increased.

Primary Frontal Dune and Erosion Areas
This polygon dataset depicts areas that were identified during the study as likely to be affected by
storm-induced erosion during the 1-percent-annual-chance (base) flood. Information is provided for
each polygon indicating whether it is anticipated that the dune will be entirely eroded by the base
flood or whether the dune is of sufficient size to remain as a barrier to flooding. Dunes that remain
as barriers should still be expected to lose significant volume and the dune face should be expected
to retreat landward, creating a scarp and potentially undermining buildings that are built on top of
the dune. The footprint of FEMA’s regulatory Primary Frontal Dune (PFD) will also be identified
within this dataset. The landward limit of the PFD area is defined by the dune heel, per 44 CFR 59.1.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
14
2.2.4 Estimated Flood Loss Information
Flood loss estimates provided in the FRR were developed using a FEMA
flood loss estimation tool, Hazus. Originally developed for earthquake
risk assessment, Hazus has evolved into a multi-hazard tool developed
and distributed by FEMA that can provide loss estimates for floods,
earthquakes, and hurricane winds. Hazus is a nationally accepted,
consistent flood risk assessment tool to assist individuals and
communities to create a more accurate picture of flood risk. Some
benefits of using Hazus include the following:

Outputs that can enhance state and local mitigation plans and help
screen for cost-effectiveness in FEMA mitigation grant programs

Analysis refinement through updating inventory data and
integrating data produced using other flood models

Widely available support documents and networks (Hazus Users
Groups)
Files from the FRD can be imported into Hazus to develop other risk
assessment information including:

Debris generated after a flood event

Dollar loss of the agricultural products in a study region

Utility system damages in the region

Vehicle loss in the study region

Damages and functionality of lifelines such as highway and rail
bridges, potable water, and wastewater facilities
Hazus is a loss estimation
methodology developed by FEMA
for flood, wind, and earthquake
hazards. The methodology and
data established by Hazus can also
be used to study other hazards.
Hazus is a loss estimation
methodology developed by FEMA
for flood, wind, and earthquake
hazards. The methodology and
data established by Hazus can also
be used to study other hazards.
Scenario-Based Flood Loss Estimates:
Scenario-based flood losses have been calculated using Hazus for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent-annualchance flood events. In this report, these losses are expressed in dollar amounts and are provided for
the Flood Risk Project area only.
Loss estimates are based on best available data, and the methodologies applied result in an
approximation of risk. These estimates should be used to understand relative risk from flood and
potential losses. Uncertainties are inherent in any loss estimation methodology, arising in part from
approximations and simplifications that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis (e.g., incomplete
inventories, demographics, or economic parameters).
Flood loss estimates are being provided at the project and community levels for multiple flood
frequencies including:

Residential Asset Loss: These include direct building losses (estimated costs to repair or replace
the damage caused to the building) for all classes of residential structures including single
family, multi-family, manufactured housing, group housing, and nursing homes. This value also
includes content losses.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
15

Commercial Asset Loss: These include direct building losses for all classes of commercial
buildings including retail, wholesale, repair, professional services, banks, hospitals,
entertainment, and parking facilities. This value also includes content and inventory losses.

Other Asset Loss: This includes losses for facilities categorized as industrial, agricultural,
religious, government, and educational. This value also includes content and inventory losses.

Essential Facility Losses: Essential facilities are defined in Hazus as facilities which provide
services to the community and should be functional after a flood, including schools, police
stations, fire stations, medical facilities, and emergency operation centers. These facilities would
otherwise be considered critical facilities for mitigation planning purposes. Estimated damages
(in terms of loss of function) for essential facilities are determined on a site-specific basis
according to latitude and longitude. For this report, Hazus calculates the types and numbers of
essential facilities impacted.

Infrastructure: For analysis of infrastructure, Hazus supports the analysis of transportation
systems and lifeline utility systems. Transportation systems include highways, railways, light
railways, busses, ports and harbors, ferries, and airport systems. Utility systems include potable
water systems, wastewater, oil, natural gas, electric power, and communication systems. For
this report, Hazus calculates the types of infrastructure impacted.

Business Disruption: This includes the losses associated with
the inability to operate a business due to the damage sustained
during the flood. Losses include inventory, income, rental
income, wage, and direct output losses, as well as relocation
costs.

Annualized Losses: Annualized losses are calculated using Hazus
by taking losses from multiple events over different frequencies
and expressing the long-term average by year. This factors in
historic patterns of frequent smaller floods with infrequent but
larger events to provide a balanced presentation of flood
damage.

Loss Ratio: The loss ratio expresses the scenario losses divided
by the total building value for a local jurisdiction and can be a
gage to determine overall community resilience as a result of a
scenario event. For example, a loss ratio of 5 percent for a given
scenario would indicate that a local jurisdiction would be more
resilient and recover more easily from a given event, versus a
loss ratio of 75 percent which would indicate widespread losses.
An annualized loss ratio uses the annualized loss data as a basis
for computing the ratio. Loss ratios are not computed for
business disruption. These data are presented in the FRR.

Hazus Flood Risk Value: On the FRM, flood risk is expressed in
the following five categories: very low, low, medium, high, and
very high for census blocks that have flood risk. It is based on
the 1-percent-annual-chance total asset loss by census block.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
Hazus-estimated loss data can be
used in many ways to support
local decision making and
explanation of flood risk. For
mitigation planning purposes, loss
data can be used to help meet
requirements to develop loss
information for the hazard of
flood. Also, the FRM can show
where flood risk varies by
geographic location. For
emergency management, Hazus
data can help forecast losses
based on predicted events, and
resources can be assigned
accordingly. Loss information can
support floodplain management
efforts, including those to adopt
higher regulatory standards. Also,
awareness of exposed essential
facilities and infrastructure
encourages mitigation actions to
protect citizens from service
disruption should flooding occur.
Hazus estimated loss data is
summarized in the FRR and on
the FRM and stored in the FRD.
16
3 Flood Risk Analysis Results
The following pages provide summary flood risk results for the Flood
Risk Project as follows:

Flood Risk Map (FRM). Within the Flood Risk Project the FRM
displays base data reflecting community boundaries, major roads,
and stream lines; potential losses that include both the 2010 Flood
Average Annualized Loss (AAL) Study supplemented with new
Hazus runs for areas with new or updated flood modeling; new
Flood Risk Project areas; a bar chart summarizing community per
capita loss; and graphics and text that promote access and usage of
additional data available through the FRD, FIRM, and National Flood
Hazard Layer and viewers (desktop or FEMA website, etc.). This
information can be used to assist in Flood Risk Project-level planning
as well as for developing mitigation actions within each jurisdiction
located within the Flood Risk Project.

Flood Risk Project Summary. Within the Flood Risk Project area, summary data for some or all of
the following datasets are provided for the entire project area and also on a jurisdiction by
jurisdiction basis:
The FRM provides a graphical
overview of the Flood Risk Project
which highlights areas of risk that
should be noted, based on
potential losses, exposed facilities,
etc., based on data found in the
FRD. Refer to the data in the FRD
to conduct additional analyses.
o
Changes Since Last FIRM (CSLF). This is a summary of where the floodplain and flood zones
have increased or decreased (only analyzed for areas that were previously mapped using
digital FIRMs).
o
Flood Depth and Analysis Grids. A general discussion of the data provided in the FRD,
including coastal analysis grids furnished as part of the project.
o
Flood Risk Assessment Information. A loss estimation of potential flood damages based on
the 2010 Average Annualized Loss (AAL) flood loss study.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
17
3.1
Flood Risk Map
The Flood Risk Map for this Flood Risk Project is shown below. In addition to this reduced version of the
map, a full size version is available within the FRD.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
18
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ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
19
3.2
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR Summary
3.2.1 Overview
Essex County, Massachusetts is a county located in the northeastern part of the State of Massachusetts
and is adjacent to Rockingham County, New Hampshire to the north, the Atlantic Ocean (specifically the
Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay) to the east, Suffolk County to the south, and Middlesex County to
the west. The county has a total area of 828.53 square miles, of which 327.86 square miles is water. The
following communities in Essex County, Massachusetts are impacted by the coastal study:
CID
*Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
CITY OF
BEVERLY
250077
39,862
44
16.7
44
Y
N/A
Y
CITY OF
GLOUCESTER
250082
30,273
100
31.9
100
Y
N/A
Y
CITY OF LYNN
250088
89,050
39
12.0
39
Y
N/A
Y
CITY OF
NEWBURYPORT
250097
17,189
37
9.9
37
Y
N/A
Y
CITY OF
PEABODY
250099
48,129
14
16.8
14
Y
N/A
Y
CITY OF SALEM
250102
40,407
2
11.3
2
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
DANVERS
250079
25,212
13
14.2
13
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
ESSEX
250080
4,693
99
15.9
99
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
GEORGETOWN
250081
7,377
3
13.1
3
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
HAMILTON
250084
8,315
16
15.0
16
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
IPSWICH
250086
17,148
66
38.2
66
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
MANCHESTERBY-THE-SEA
250090
5,228
2
9.5
2
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
MARBLEHEAD
250091
20,377
2
6.8
2
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
NAHANT
250095
3,632
4
2.8
4
Y
N/A
Y
Community
Name
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
20
CID
*Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
TOWN OF
NEWBURY
250096
6,717
90
26.3
90
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
ROCKPORT
250100
13,373
2
9.2
2
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
ROWLEY
250101
6,934
60
20.1
60
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
SAUGUS
250104
26,078
46
11.8
46
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
SWAMPSCOTT
250105
14,412
100
3.7
100
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
WENHAM
250107
4,440
0
8.1
0
Y
N/A
Y
TOWN OF
WEST
NEWBURY
250108
4,149
1
14.8
1
Y
N/A
Y
Community
Name
*Based on 2000 Census.
Community-specific results are provided on subsequent pages. Data provided below and on subsequent
pages only includes areas located within the Essex County, MA Coastal PMR Flood Risk Project and do
not necessarily represent community-wide totals.
Section 2 of the Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and
methodology used to develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of
results of this project are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database
(FRD).
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
21
3.2.2 Flood Risk Datasets
As a part of this Flood Risk Project, flood risk datasets were created for inclusion in the Flood Risk
Database. Those datasets are summarized for this Flood Risk Project below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within Essex County, MA were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The updated modeling produced new flood zone areas and new base flood
elevations. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for the
project area.
Area of Interest
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Area within SFHA
79.8
8.1
.05
7.6
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
79.6
1.6
1.9
-0.3
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
o

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o

Evidence of actual flood losses can be one of the most compelling factors for increasing a
community’s flood risk awareness. During this Risk MAP project, FEMA confirmed several areas
within Essex County as having mitigation potential and encourages all communities to
continue working with the State Hazard Mitigation Officer to further identify and mitigate
these high-risk areas and structures. Specific areas within each jurisdiction are detailed within
the individual community summaries.
The FRD contains datasets in the form of depth grids for the entire Flood Risk Project that can be
used for additional analysis, enhanced visualization, and communication of flood risks for hazard
mitigation planning and emergency management. The data provided within the FRD should be
used to further isolate areas where flood mitigation potential is high and may be helpful in
planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas expected to
experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation. Section 2 of the FRR provides general information regarding the development
of and potential uses for this data.
Flood Risk Results Information
o
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR flood risk analysis incorporates results from a FEMA-performed
Hazus analysis which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly
modeled depths for certain flood events. Potential losses were estimated as well as potential
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
22
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$25,000,000
68%
$76,500,000
307%
$137,600,000
551%
$183,300,000
734%
$244,600,000
980%
$10,400,000
42%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$7,600,000
21%
$57,700,000
757%
$96,600,000
1268%
$113,900,000
1495%
$168,100,000
2206%
$7,500,000
99%
$4,300,000
12%
$34,600,000
812%
$55,200,000
1295%
$69,500,000
1632%
$111,000,000
2605%
$4,700,000
111%
$36,800,000
100%
$168,800,000
458%
$289,300,000
786%
$366,600,000
995%
$523,700,000
1422%
$22,700,000
62%
N/A
N/A
$7,800,000
N/A
$11,600,000
N/A
$15,100,000
N/A
$22,800,000
N/A
$900,000
N/A
$36,800,000
N/A
$176,600,000
479%
$300,900,000
817%
$381,700,000
1036%
$546,500,000
1484%
$23,600,000
64%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3
Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
23
3.3
Communities
The following sections provide an overview of the community’s floodplain management program as of
the date of this publication, as well as summarize the flood risk analysis performed for each project area
in Essex County, MA.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
24
3.3.1 City of Beverly Summary (CID 250077)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the City of Beverly.
3.3.1.1.
Overview
A resort, residential, and manufacturing community on the Massachusetts North Shore, the City of
Beverly is relatively urbanized. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Danvers River,
the Bass River, Salem Sound and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
CITY OF
BEVERLY
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250077
39,862
44
16.7
44
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in City of Beverly, MA Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012 Update, which expires on
3/20/2017.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 352 policies totaling
approximately $85,202,200
Data provided below only includes areas within the City of Beverly that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.1.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the City of Beverly were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
1.9
0.1
0.0
0.1
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
25

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The City of Beverly’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
26
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$2,200,000
67%
$3,500,000
157%
$6,500,000
290%
$7,500,000
336%
$12,400,000
555%
$500,000
24%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$700,000
20%
$13,100,000
1921%
$21,400,000
3144%
$25,000,000
3668%
$41,500,000
6095%
$1,900,000
277%
$400,000
12%
$800,000
182%
$1,400,000
338%
$1,800,000
424%
$2,600,000
633%
$100,000
28%
$3,300,000
100%
$17,300,000
520%
$29,300,000
878%
$34,200,000
1027%
$56,500,000
1695%
$2,500,000
76%
$0
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$1,100,000
N/A
$1,300,000
N/A
$2,100,000
N/A
$90,000
N/A
$3,300,000
N/A
$18,000,000
541%
$30,400,000
911%
$35,600,000
1066%
$58,600,000
1759%
$2,600,000
79%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
27
3.3.2 City of Gloucester Summary (CID 250082)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the City of Gloucester.
3.3.2.1.
Overview
The City of Gloucester is an important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination
on the Massachusetts North Shore. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Annisquam
River and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
CITY OF
GLOUCESTER
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250082
30,273
100
31.9
100
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Merrimack Valley Region Natural Hazards Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 490 policies totaling
approximately $138,834,600
Data provided below only includes areas within the City of Gloucester that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.2.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the City of Gloucester were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
10.7
0.7
0.1
0.6
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
10.7
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
28

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The City of Gloucester’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
29
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$3,100,000
68%
$2,200,000
72%
$3,900,000
127%
$4,400,000
144%
$5,200,000
170%
$300,000
8%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$900,000
20%
$1,400,000
152%
$1,800,000
204%
$2,100,000
232%
$2,300,000
257%
$200,000
18%
$600,000
12%
$400,000
65%
$700,000
122%
$700,000
131%
$900,000
157%
$50,000
9%
$4,500,000
100%
$3,900,000
87%
$6,400,000
141%
$7,200,000
160%
$8,400,000
185%
$500,000
10%
$0
N/A
$100,000
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$10,000
N/A
$4,500,000
N/A
$4,100,000
90%
$6,600,000
145%
$7,400,000
164%
$8,600,000
190%
$500,000
11%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
30
3.3.3 City of Lynn Summary (CID 250088)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the City of Lynn.
3.3.3.1.
Overview
The City of Lynn is a former industrial center located north of downtown Boston. Hydrographic features
that affect flood risk include the Saugus River, Nahant Bay, Broad Sound and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
CITY OF LYNN
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250088
89,050
39
12.0
39
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in MAPC Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan North Shore.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 473 policies totaling
approximately $93,114,500
Data provided below only includes areas within the City of Lynn that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.3.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the City of Lynn were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
1.7
0.8
0.0
0.8
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
31

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The City of Lynn's flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis which
accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
32
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$3,700,000
68%
$5,600,000
153%
$10,600,000
288%
$13,300,000
363%
$21,300,000
581%
$800,000
22%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$1,100,000
20%
$3,400,000
305%
$6,200,000
561%
$9,000,000
813%
$16,200,000
1467%
$500,000
50%
$600,000
12%
$7,700,000
1195%
$13,800,000
2144%
$20,500,000
3195%
$41,600,000
6478%
$1,300,000
198%
$5,400,000
100%
$16,600,000
307%
$30,500,000
564%
$42,800,000
791%
$79,000,000
1462%
$2,600,000
49%
$0
N/A
$1,300,000
N/A
$2,400,000
N/A
$4,000,000
N/A
$8,100,000
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$5,400,000
N/A
$17,900,000
331%
$33,000,000
609%
$46,800,000
865%
$87,200,000
1612%
$2,900,000
53%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
33
3.3.4 City of Newburyport Summary (CID 250097)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the City of Newburyport.
3.3.4.1.
Overview
Part of the Massachusetts North Shore, the City of Newburyport is a historic seaport with a vibrant
tourism industry. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Merrimack River and the
Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
CITY OF
NEWBURYPORT
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250097
17,189
37
9.9
37
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Newburyport, MA Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 582 policies totaling
approximately $147,157,300
Data provided below only includes areas within the City of Newburyport that are located within the
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of
the Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.4.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the City of Newburyport were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for the
community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
34

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The City of Newburyport’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
35
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$800,000
47%
$10,300,000
1250%
$15,300,000
1860%
$19,200,000
2344%
$22,800,000
2774%
$1,300,000
164%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$500,000
30%
$13,100,000
2517%
$16,400,000
3147%
$17,500,000
3360%
$26,000,000
4990%
$1,500,000
285%
$400,000
23%
$10,200,000
2575%
$13,900,000
3492%
$16,900,000
4246%
$23,700,000
5960%
$1,300,000
324%
$1,700,000
100%
$33,600,000
1932%
$45,500,000
2619%
$53,600,000
3083%
$72,400,000
4166%
$4,100,000
237%
$0
N/A
$2,200,000
N/A
$2,800,000
N/A
$3,500,000
N/A
$4,300,000
N/A
$300,000
N/A
$1,700,000
N/A
$35,800,000
2060%
$48,300,000
2779%
$57,100,000
3285%
$76,700,000
4411%
$4,400,000
251%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
36
3.3.5 City of Peabody Summary (CID 250099)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the City of Peabody.
3.3.5.1.
Overview
Located along the Massachusetts North Shore, the City of Peabody is a historic farming and milling
community. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Ipswich River, the Danvers River and
the Waters River.
Community
Name
CITY OF
PEABODY
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250099
48,129
14
16.8
14
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in MAPC Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan North Shore.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 655 policies totaling
approximately $127,669,000
Data provided below only includes areas within the City of Peabody that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.5.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the City of Peabody were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
37

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The City of Peabody’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
38
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$1,300,000
58%
$300,000
21%
$400,000
31%
$500,000
36%
$700,000
50%
$30,000
2%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$500,000
22%
$400,000
83%
$600,000
118%
$700,000
136%
$1,000,000
204%
$50,000
9%
$400,000
20%
$600,000
131%
$900,000
193%
$1,000,000
222%
$1,500,000
333%
$70,000
15%
$2,300,000
100%
$1,300,000
56%
$1,900,000
82%
$2,200,000
95%
$3,200,000
140%
$100,000
6%
$0
N/A
$100,000
N/A
$100,000
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$10,000
N/A
$2,300,000
N/A
$1,400,000
60%
$2,000,000
88%
$2,300,000
102%
$3,400,000
150%
$200,000
7%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
39
3.3.6 City of Salem Summary (CID 250102)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the City of Salem.
3.3.6.1.
Overview
The City of Salem is a residential and tourist area and was once one of the most significant seaports in
early America. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Danvers River, the North River,
the Forest River, Salem Sound and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
CITY OF
SALEM
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250102
40,407
2
11.3
2
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in City of Salem Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012 Update, which expires on 3/26/2018.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 271 policies totaling
approximately $64,302,500
Data provided below only includes areas within the City of Salem that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.6.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the City of Salem were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
4.4
0.7
0.1
0.7
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
40

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The City of Salem’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis which
accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
41
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$3,500,000
64%
$4,600,000
132%
$7,100,000
203%
$8,100,000
234%
$10,200,000
293%
$600,000
17%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$1,400,000
25%
$3,300,000
239%
$4,400,000
325%
$4,900,000
357%
$6,600,000
482%
$400,000
27%
$600,000
11%
$3,400,000
577%
$4,400,000
742%
$4,500,000
759%
$6,300,000
1049%
$400,000
66%
$5,400,000
100%
$11,300,000
208%
$15,900,000
293%
$17,500,000
322%
$23,000,000
424%
$1,300,000
25%
$0
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$600,000
N/A
$600,000
N/A
$900,000
N/A
$50,000
N/A
$5,400,000
N/A
$11,800,000
216%
$16,500,000
304%
$18,200,000
334%
$23,900,000
440%
$1,400,000
25%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
42
3.3.7 Town of Danvers Summary (CID 250079)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Danvers.
3.3.7.1.
Overview
Originally and agricultural town, the Town of Danvers is located halfway between Boston and the New
Hampshire state border. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Danvers River, the
Ipswich River, the Porter River, the Crane River and the Waters River.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
DANVERS
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250079
25,212
13
14.2
13
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Danvers Hazard Mitigation Plan, which expires on 2/27/2018.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 266 policies totaling
approximately $50,939,100
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Danvers that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.7.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Danvers were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.1
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
43

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Danvers’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
44
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$400,000
60%
$7,200,000
1765%
$12,100,000
2989%
$14,600,000
3585%
$22,100,000
5434%
$1,000,000
252%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$200,000
28%
$2,400,000
1236%
$3,900,000
2036%
$4,900,000
2584%
$8,300,000
4347%
$300,000
176%
$80,000
11%
$2,400,000
3186%
$4,000,000
5288%
$5,100,000
6664%
$8,100,000
10596%
$300,000
449%
$700,000
100%
$12,000,000
1777%
$20,100,000
2981%
$24,600,000
3652%
$38,500,000
5713%
$1,700,000
253%
$0
N/A
$400,000
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$900,000
N/A
$1,400,000
N/A
$40,000
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$12,400,000
1837%
$20,700,000
3079%
$25,400,000
3779%
$39,800,000
5917%
$1,700,000
259%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
45
3.3.8 Town of Essex Summary (CID 250080)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Essex.
3.3.8.1.
Overview
Once home to a prosperous shipbuilding trade, the Town of Essex is now well-known for its shellfish
industry, seafood restaurants and tourism. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Essex
River, Essex Bay and Ipswich Bay.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
ESSEX
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250080
4,693
99
15.9
99
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Essex MA Hazard Mitigation Plan, which expires on 8/2/2017.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 49 policies totaling
approximately $10,514,200
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Essex that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.8.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Essex were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
7.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
7.0
0.0
0.5
-0.5
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
46

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Essex’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
47
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$300,000
62%
$2,500,000
750%
$6,400,000
1914%
$13,000,000
3875%
$17,600,000
5270%
$500,000
159%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$100,000
24%
$2,400,000
1901%
$7,900,000
6213%
$9,300,000
7313%
$11,900,000
9303%
$500,000
418%
$80,000
15%
$700,000
832%
$2,500,000
3238%
$2,800,000
3523%
$3,500,000
4439%
$200,000
205%
$500,000
100%
$5,600,000
1033%
$16,900,000
3121%
$25,100,000
4636%
$33,000,000
6101%
$1,200,000
227%
$0
N/A
$400,000
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$900,000
N/A
$40,000
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$5,900,000
1098%
$17,600,000
3253%
$25,800,000
4772%
$33,900,000
6267%
$1,300,000
235%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
48
3.3.9 Town of Georgetown Summary (CID 250081)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Georgetown.
3.3.9.1.
Overview
The Town of Georgetown is home to small industry and is mostly residential in nature. Hydrographic
features that affect flood risk include the Parker River, Mill River, Penn Brook, Wheeler Brook and
Jackman Brook.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
GEORGETOWN
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250081
7,377
3
13.1
3
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Merrimack Valley Region Natural Hazards Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 65 policies totaling
approximately $16,666,800
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Georgetown that are located within the
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of
the Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.9.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Georgetown were updated due to
new coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of
SFHAs for the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
49

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Georgetown’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus
analysis which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled
depths for certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to
estimate loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided
within the FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are
likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
50
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$20,000
84%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
Commercial
Building/Contents
$0
7%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
9%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$10,000
291%
$0
N/A
$20,000
100%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$10,000
26%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$20,000
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$10,000
26%
$0
N/A
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
51
3.3.10 Town of Hamilton Summary (CID 250084)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Hamilton.
3.3.10.1.
Overview
A rural-suburban town, the Town of Hamilton is located on the North Shore of Massachusetts and
provides easy access to the Atlantic seashore with its reservations, beaches and boating. Hydrographic
features that affect flood risk include the Ipswich River and the Miles River.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
HAMILTON
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250084
8,315
16
15.0
16
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Hamilton Hazard Mitigation Plan, which expires on 4/2/2017.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 42 policies totaling
approximately $11,064,700
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Hamilton that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.10.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Hamilton were updated due to
new coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of
SFHAs for the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
1.4
0.7
0.1
0.6
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
1.2
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
52

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Hamilton’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
53
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$50,000
80%
$200,000
376%
$200,000
394%
$200,000
424%
$300,000
467%
$10,000
26%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$10,000
16%
$100,000
1136%
$300,000
2696%
$300,000
2820%
$300,000
2954%
$20,000
157%
$0
4%
$100,000
4927%
$200,000
7880%
$200,000
8039%
$200,000
8304%
$20,000
621%
$70,000
100%
$500,000
678%
$700,000
1057%
$700,000
1107%
$800,000
1173%
$50,000
71%
$0
N/A
$40,000
N/A
$70,000
N/A
$70,000
N/A
$70,000
N/A
$0
N/A
$70,000
N/A
$500,000
737%
$800,000
1161%
$800,000
1212%
$900,000
1281%
$50,000
78%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
54
3.3.11 Town of Ipswich Summary (CID 250086)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Ipswich.
3.3.11.1.
Overview
The Town of Ipswich is a coastal town and residential community with a vibrant tourism industry.
Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Ipswich River, the Rowley River, Plum Island
Sound and Ipswich Bay.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
IPSWICH
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250086
17,148
66
38.2
66
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Ipswich Hazard Mitigation Plan, which expires on 4/11/2018.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 100 policies totaling
approximately $26,134,300
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Ipswich that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.11.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Ipswich were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
15.7
1.1
0.1
1.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
15.7
0.2
0.4
-0.2
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
55

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Ipswich’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
56
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$800,000
66%
$7,300,000
891%
$12,200,000
1481%
$20,400,000
2486%
$27,500,000
3342%
$1,100,000
131%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$200,000
20%
$2,900,000
1197%
$5,700,000
2325%
$6,300,000
2560%
$11,000,000
4499%
$500,000
187%
$200,000
15%
$2,200,000
1199%
$3,400,000
1806%
$3,700,000
1997%
$6,100,000
3261%
$300,000
158%
$1,300,000
100%
$12,500,000
996%
$21,300,000
1695%
$30,500,000
2427%
$44,600,000
3556%
$1,800,000
146%
$0
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$600,000
N/A
$800,000
N/A
$1,200,000
N/A
$40,000
N/A
$1,300,000
N/A
$13,000,000
1033%
$21,900,000
1746%
$31,200,000
2489%
$45,800,000
3651%
$1,900,000
149%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
57
3.3.12 Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea Summary (CID 250090)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea.
3.3.12.1.
Overview
Located along the North Shore of Massachusetts Bay, the Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea was originally
a fishing community. It is home to several beaches, islands and coves. Hydrographic features that affect
flood risk include Manchester Harbor, Manchester Bay and Sawmill Brook.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
MANCHESTERBY-THE-SEA
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250090
5,228
2
9.5
2
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea Hazard Mitigation Plan, which expires on
10/17/2017.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 127 policies totaling
approximately $32,438,500
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea that are located
within the Essex County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals.
Section 2 of the Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and
methodology used to develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of
results of this project are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database
(FRD).
3.3.12.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea were
updated due to new coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net
change of SFHAs for the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
2.9
0.1
0.0
0.1
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
58

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Manchester-by-the-Sea’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed
Hazus analysis which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly
modeled depths for certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided
tax data to estimate loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers
provided within the FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where
they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
59
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$700,000
72%
$3,500,000
501%
$6,000,000
873%
$8,100,000
1168%
$12,500,000
1798%
$500,000
74%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$200,000
21%
$2,100,000
1060%
$3,200,000
1609%
$4,300,000
2122%
$6,200,000
3117%
$300,000
142%
$70,000
7%
$800,000
1150%
$1,200,000
1703%
$1,900,000
2672%
$2,900,000
3960%
$100,000
161%
$1,000,000
100%
$6,400,000
666%
$10,500,000
1087%
$14,300,000
1479%
$21,600,000
2233%
$900,000
95%
$0
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$300,000
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$600,000
N/A
$20,000
N/A
$1,000,000
N/A
$6,600,000
687%
$10,800,000
1117%
$14,700,000
1526%
$22,200,000
2298%
$900,000
96%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
60
3.3.13 Town of Marblehead Summary (CID 250091)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Marblehead.
3.3.13.1.
Overview
The Town of Marblehead is on the coast of the Massachusetts North Shore and has roots in commercial
fishing and yachting. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Forest River, Salem Sound
and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
MARBLEHEAD
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250091
20,377
2
6.8
2
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Marblehead, MA All Hazards Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 256 policies totaling
approximately $65,273,200
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Marblehead that are located within the
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of
the Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.13.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Marblehead were updated due to
new coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of
SFHAs for the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
2.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
2.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
61

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Marblehead’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus
analysis which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled
depths for certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to
estimate loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided
within the FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are
likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
62
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$2,500,000
76%
$300,000
13%
$500,000
19%
$600,000
23%
$700,000
27%
$30,000
1%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$600,000
18%
$40,000
8%
$50,000
9%
$60,000
10%
$70,000
13%
$0
N/A
$200,000
7%
$40,000
16%
$40,000
19%
$50,000
21%
$50,000
24%
$0
N/A
$3,300,000
100%
$400,000
12%
$600,000
17%
$700,000
20%
$800,000
24%
$30,000
1%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$10,000
N/A
$0
N/A
$3,300,000
N/A
$400,000
13%
$600,000
17%
$700,000
21%
$800,000
24%
$30,000
1%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
63
3.3.14 Town of Nahant Summary (CID 250095)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Nahant.
3.3.14.1.
Overview
The Town of Nahant is primarily a residential community and is the smallest municipality in the State of
Massachusetts. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include Nahant Bay, Broad Sound and the
Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
NAHANT
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250095
3,632
4
2.8
4
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in MAPC Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan North Shore.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 207 policies totaling
approximately $49,003,000
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Nahant that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.14.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Nahant were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
64

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Nahant’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
65
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$400,000
84%
$11,300,000
2617%
$18,600,000
4291%
$21,300,000
4911%
$25,700,000
5926%
$1,600,000
357%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$50,000
10%
$3,200,000
6168%
$4,600,000
8784%
$5,100,000
9774%
$6,200,000
11882%
$400,000
764%
$30,000
6%
$1,000,000
3016%
$1,500,000
4567%
$1,700,000
5014%
$2,100,000
6475%
$100,000
378%
$500,000
100%
$15,600,000
2998%
$24,700,000
4759%
$28,000,000
5405%
$34,000,000
6558%
$2,100,000
399%
$0
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$300,000
N/A
$300,000
N/A
$400,000
N/A
$10,000
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$15,700,000
3035%
$25,000,000
4812%
$28,400,000
5468%
$34,400,000
6632%
$2,100,000
402%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
66
3.3.15 Town of Newbury Summary (CID 250096)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Newbury.
3.3.15.1.
Overview
Lying just south of the Merrimack River, the Town of Newbury was once home to a variety of mills and
manufacturers, but is now primarily a residential community. Hydrographic features that affect flood
risk include the Parker River, the Little River, the Merrimack River and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
NEWBURY
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250096
6,717
90
26.3
90
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Merrimack Valley Region Natural Hazards Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 445 policies totaling
approximately $113,684,500
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Newbury that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.15.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Newbury were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
12.8
1.6
0.0
1.6
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
12.8
0.1
0.0
0.1
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
67

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Newbury’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
68
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$700,000
76%
$23,500,000
3426%
$44,800,000
6535%
$56,700,000
8280%
$68,900,000
10056%
$2,800,000
402%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$100,000
14%
$7,800,000
6330%
$17,200,000
14013%
$20,400,000
16694%
$24,300,000
19863%
$700,000
594%
$100,000
11%
$2,300,000
2303%
$4,900,000
4910%
$5,900,000
5949%
$7,500,000
7504%
$300,000
260%
$900,000
100%
$33,500,000
3695%
$66,800,000
7367%
$83,100,000
9160%
$100,700,000
11101%
$3,700,000
412%
$0
N/A
$900,000
N/A
$1,300,000
N/A
$1,500,000
N/A
$1,800,000
N/A
$30,000
N/A
$900,000
N/A
$34,400,000
3798%
$68,100,000
7510%
$84,600,000
9328%
$102,500,000
11304%
$3,800,000
416%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
69
3.3.16 Town of Rockport Summary (CID 250100)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Rockport.
3.3.16.1.
Overview
Surrounded by water on three sides and with its rocky beaches and seaside parks, the Town of Rockport
is primarily a suburban residential and tourist town, but it is still home to a number of lobster fishermen
and artists. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include Mill Brook, Sawmill Brook, Sandy Bay,
Ipswich Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
ROCKPORT
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250100
13,373
2
9.2
2
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Rockport Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 300 policies totaling
approximately $70,699,600
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Rockport that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.16.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Rockport were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
3.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
70

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Rockport’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
71
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$1,000,000
80%
$7,900,000
774%
$13,000,000
1275%
$15,800,000
1542%
$22,800,000
2227%
$1,100,000
108%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$200,000
14%
$4,300,000
2429%
$6,800,000
3834%
$7,800,000
4416%
$10,300,000
5817%
$600,000
326%
$90,000
7%
$500,000
638%
$900,000
1037%
$1,000,000
1193%
$1,400,000
1682%
$70,000
83%
$1,300,000
100%
$12,800,000
993%
$20,700,000
1611%
$24,600,000
1915%
$34,500,000
2685%
$1,800,000
136%
$0
N/A
$300,000
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$20,000
N/A
$1,300,000
N/A
$13,100,000
1017%
$21,200,000
1647%
$25,200,000
1957%
$35,200,000
2742%
$1,800,000
138%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
72
3.3.17 Town of Rowley Summary (CID 250101)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Rowley.
3.3.17.1.
Overview
Mainly a residential town, the Town of Rowley has many protected areas, wildlife refuges and state
forests. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the Parker River, the Mill River, the Rowley
River, Mud Creek, Plum Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
ROWLEY
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250101
6,934
60
20.1
60
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Merrimack Valley Region Natural Hazards Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 8 policies totaling
approximately $2,058,000
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Rowley that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.17.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Rowley were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
6.9
1.0
0.0
1.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
6.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
73

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Rowley’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
74
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$300,000
64%
$900,000
346%
$2,800,000
1120%
$4,900,000
1932%
$6,500,000
2567%
$200,000
81%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$90,000
22%
$200,000
284%
$600,000
667%
$800,000
938%
$1,000,000
1200%
$40,000
49%
$60,000
15%
$200,000
353%
$500,000
850%
$600,000
1053%
$700,000
1287%
$30,000
60%
$400,000
100%
$1,300,000
333%
$3,900,000
982%
$6,300,000
1588%
$8,200,000
2083%
$300,000
71%
$0
N/A
$20,000
N/A
$70,000
N/A
$100,000
N/A
$100,000
N/A
$0
N/A
$400,000
N/A
$1,300,000
340%
$3,900,000
1000%
$6,400,000
1613%
$8,300,000
2114%
$300,000
71%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
75
3.3.18 Town of Saugus Summary (CID 250104)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Saugus.
3.3.18.1.
Overview
Just inland from Massachusetts Bay at the southern end of Essex County, the Town of Saugus is nine
miles northeast of Boston and is primarily a residential community. Hydrographic features that affect
flood risk include the Pines River, the Saugus River, Fiske Brook and Rumney Marsh.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
SAUGUS
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250104
26,078
46
11.8
46
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Saugus Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 466 policies totaling
approximately $116,787,500
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Saugus that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.18.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Saugus were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
2.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
76

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Saugus’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
77
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$1,600,000
75%
$8,400,000
539%
$15,100,000
969%
$20,000,000
1285%
$28,800,000
1850%
$1,300,000
81%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$400,000
18%
$7,400,000
1962%
$10,500,000
2794%
$13,000,000
3461%
$17,900,000
4779%
$900,000
252%
$200,000
7%
$3,700,000
2403%
$4,800,000
3111%
$5,900,000
3889%
$8,500,000
5558%
$400,000
288%
$2,100,000
100%
$19,400,000
931%
$30,300,000
1454%
$38,900,000
1867%
$55,200,000
2649%
$2,600,000
127%
$0
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$900,000
N/A
$1,200,000
N/A
$1,600,000
N/A
$70,000
N/A
$2,100,000
N/A
$20,100,000
965%
$31,300,000
1499%
$40,200,000
1926%
$56,800,000
2725%
$2,700,000
130%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
78
3.3.19 Town of Swampscott Summary (CID 250105)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Swampscott.
3.3.19.1.
Overview
A former summer resort on Massachusetts Bay, the Town of Swampscott is today a residential
community known for its quiet suburban character and beaches. Hydrographic features that affect flood
risk include Nahant Bay, Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
SWAMPSCOTT
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250105
14,412
100
3.7
100
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in MAPC Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan North Shore.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 263 policies totaling
approximately $64,990,100
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Swampscott that are located within the
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of
the Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.19.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Swampscott were updated due to
new coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of
SFHAs for the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.1
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
79

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Swampscott’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus
analysis which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled
depths for certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to
estimate loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided
within the FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are
likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
80
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$1,600,000
75%
$4,200,000
271%
$7,600,000
484%
$12,600,000
808%
$21,700,000
1391%
$700,000
44%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$400,000
18%
$1,800,000
468%
$2,700,000
711%
$5,700,000
1508%
$11,500,000
3014%
$300,000
73%
$100,000
6%
$800,000
612%
$1,400,000
1045%
$2,000,000
1516%
$3,700,000
2837%
$100,000
90%
$2,100,000
100%
$6,800,000
329%
$11,600,000
561%
$20,300,000
981%
$36,900,000
1779%
$1,100,000
52%
$0
N/A
$100,000
N/A
$200,000
N/A
$500,000
N/A
$700,000
N/A
$10,000
N/A
$2,100,000
N/A
$6,900,000
335%
$11,800,000
571%
$20,800,000
1005%
$37,600,000
1813%
$1,100,000
53%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
81
3.3.20 Town of Wenham Summary (CID 250107)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of Wenham.
3.3.20.1.
Overview
Since its incorporation the Town of Wenham has retained much of its historic character and rural
scenery, including parks, playgrounds and recreational lands. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk
include the Miles River, the Ipswich River and the Salem Beverly Waterway Canal.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
WENHAM
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250107
4,440
0
8.1
0
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Town of Wenham Hazard Mitigation Plan, which expires on 4/30/2017.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 16 policies totaling
approximately $4,254,600
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of Wenham that are located within the Essex
County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of the
Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.20.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of Wenham were updated due to new
coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of SFHAs for
the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
Area within High Hazard
Velocity Zones
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
82

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of Wenham’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus analysis
which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled depths for
certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to estimate
loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided within the
FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
83
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$0
54%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
Commercial
Building/Contents
$0
1%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
46%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
100%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
84
3.3.21 Town of West Newbury Summary (CID 250108)
The following pages include Flood Risk data for the Town of West Newbury.
3.3.21.1.
Overview
Situated on the Merrimack River, the Town of West Newbury has developed from a rural farming town
into a growing residential community. Hydrographic features that affect flood risk include the
Merrimack River, the Artichoke River, the Indian River and Beaver Brook.
Community
Name
TOWN OF
WEST
NEWBURY
CID
Total
Community
Population
Percent of
Population in
Watershed
Total
Community
Land Area
(sq mi)
Percent of
Land Area
in
Watershed
NFIP
CRS
Rating
Mitigation
Plan
250108
4,149
1
14.8
1
Y
N/A
Y

Participating in Merrimack Valley Region Natural Hazards Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan.

Past Federal Disaster Declarations for flooding = 21

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) policy coverage (policies/values) = 21 policies totaling
approximately $6,017,000
Data provided below only includes areas within the Town of West Newbury that are located within the
Essex County, MA Coastal PMR, and do not necessarily represent community-wide totals. Section 2 of
the Flood Risk Report (FRR) provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to
develop the information presented below. Datasets used toward the generation of results of this project
are described in Section 7 of the FRR and are found in the Flood Risk Database (FRD).
3.3.21.2.
Community Analyses and Results
Results for each of the Flood Risk Datasets developed for this Flood Risk Project are summarized below:

Changes Since Last FIRM
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) boundaries within the Town of West Newbury were updated due
to new coastal analysis. The table below summarizes the increases, decreases, and net change of
SFHAs for the community.
Area of Study
Total Area (mi2)
Increase (mi2)
Decrease (mi2)
Net Change (mi2)
Within SFHA
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Within Floodway
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Section 2 of this report provides more information regarding the source and methodology used to develop this table.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
85

Flood Depth and Analysis Grids
o
See the FRD for the following depth and analysis grid data (Section 2 of the FRR provides general
information regarding the development of and potential uses for this data):

o

Wave Height Grids (1-percent-annual-chance flood events)
Additional information and data layers provided within the FRD should be used to further isolate
these and other areas where flood mitigation potential is high. The FRD includes data which may
be helpful in planning and implementing mitigation strategies. Properties located in areas
expected to experience some depth of water should seriously consider mitigation options for
implementation.
Hazus Estimated Loss Information
o
The Town of West Newbury’s flood risk analysis uses results from a FEMA-performed Hazus
analysis which accounts for newly modeled areas in the Flood Risk Project and newly modeled
depths for certain flood events. Potential losses were compared with locally provided tax data to
estimate loss ratios for multiple scenarios. Additional information and data layers provided
within the FRD should be used to further analyze potential losses and areas where they are
likely to occur.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
86
Estimated Potential Losses for Flood Event Scenarios
Total Inventory
10% (10-yr)
2% (50-yr)
1% (100-yr)
0.2% (500-yr)
Annualized ($/yr)
Estimated
Value
% of Total
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Dollar Losses5
Loss Ratio1,6
Residential
Building/Contents
$0
93%
$10,000
223%
$90,000
3747%
$90,000
3747%
$90,000
3747%
$0
150%
Commercial
Building/Contents
$0
3%
$0
5838%
$10,000
9868%
$10,000
9868%
$10,000
9868%
$0
710%
$0
4%
$10,000
8258%
$10,000
12511%
$10,000
12511%
$10,000
12511%
$0
1053%
$0
100%
$20,000
703%
$100,000
4270%
$100,000
4270%
$100,000
4270%
$10,000
202%
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$0
N/A
$20,000
733%
$100,000
4312%
$100,000
4312%
$100,000
4312%
$10,000
205%
Other Building/Contents
Total Building/Contents2
Business Disruption3
TOTAL4
Source: Hazus analysis results stored as the Flood Risk Assessment Dataset in the Flood Risk Database.
1Loss ratio = Dollar Losses / Estimated Value
2Total Building/Contents Loss = Residential Building/Contents Loss + Commercial Building/Contents Loss + Other Building/Contents Loss.
3Business Disruption = Inventory Loss + Relocation Cost + Income Loss + Rental Income Loss + Wage Loss + Direct Output Loss.
4Total Loss = Total Building/Contents + Business Disruption
5Losses shown are rounded to nearest $10,000 for values under $100,000 and to the nearest $100,000 for values over $100,000.
6Loss Ratios rounded to nearest integer percent.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
87
4 Actions to Reduce Flood Risk
In order to fully leverage the Flood Risk Datasets and Products created
for this Flood Risk Project, local stakeholders should consider many
different flood risk mitigation tactics, including, but not limited the
items shown in the sub-sections below. In particular, each community’s
Hazard Mitigation Plan should be consulted to focus on projects that
have already been identified for this area.
4.1
Building to Prevent Future Loss
Types of Mitigation Actions
Mitigation provides a critical foundation on which to reduce loss of life
and property by avoiding or lessening the impact of hazard events. This
creates safer communities and facilitates resiliency by enabling
communities to return to normal function as quickly as possible after a
hazard event. Once a community understands its flood risk, it is in a
better position to identify potential mitigation actions that can reduce
the risk to its people and property.
The mitigation plan requirements in 44 CFR Part 201 encourage
communities to understand their vulnerability to hazards and take
actions to minimize vulnerability and promote resilience. Flood
mitigation actions generally fall into the following categories:
The elevated building pictured above
withstood Hurricane Katrina.
Communities will need to prioritize
projects as part of the planning
process. FEMA can then help route
federal mitigation dollars to fund these
projects.
4.1.1 Preventative Measures
Preventative measures are intended to keep flood hazards from getting
worse. They can reduce future vulnerability to flooding, especially in
areas where development has not yet occurred or where capital
improvements have not been substantial. Examples include:

Comprehensive land use planning

Zoning regulations

Subdivision regulations

Open space preservation

Building codes

Floodplain development regulations

Stormwater management

Purchase development rights or conservation easements

Participation in the NFIP Community Rating System (CRS)
4.1.2 Property Protection Measures
Property protection measures protect existing buildings by modifying
the building to withstand floods, or by removing buildings from
hazardous locations. Examples include:
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
NFIP’s CRS is a voluntary
incentive program that recognizes
and encourages community
floodplain management activities
that exceed the minimum NFIP
requirements. As a result, flood
insurance premium rates are
discounted to reflect the reduced
flood risk resulting from
community actions meeting the
three goals of the CRS: to reduce
flood losses, to facilitate accurate
insurance rating, and to promote
the awareness of flood insurance.
For CRS participating
communities, flood insurance
premium rates are discounted in
increments of 5%; i.e., a Class 1
community would receive a 45%
premium discount, while a Class 9
community would receive a 5%
discount. (A Class 10 is not
participating in the CRS and
receives no discount.)
88

Building relocation

Acquisition and clearance

Building elevation

Barrier installation

Building retrofit
4.1.3 Natural Resource Protection Activities
Natural resource protection activities reduce the impact of floods by preserving or restoring natural
areas such as floodplains, wetlands, and dunes and their natural functions. Examples include:

Wetland protection

Living Shorelines

Habitat protection

Erosion and sedimentation control

Beach nourishment

Primary frontal dune protection
4.1.4 Structural Mitigation Projects
Structural mitigation projects lessen the impact of floods by modifying the environmental natural
progression of the flooding event. Structural protection such as upgrading dams/levees for already
existing development and critical facilities may be a realistic alternative. However, citizens should be
made aware of their residual risk. Examples include:

Reservoirs, retention, and detention basins

Levees, floodwalls and coastal shoreline protection structures
4.1.5 Public Education and Awareness Activities
Public education and awareness activities advise residents, business owners, potential property buyers,
and visitors about floods, hazardous areas, and mitigation techniques they can use to reduce the flood
risk to themselves and their property. Examples include:

Readily available and readable updated maps

Outreach projects

Libraries

Technical assistance

Real estate disclosure

Environmental education

Risk information via the nightly news
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
For more information regarding
hazard mitigation techniques,
best practices, and potential
grant funding sources, visit
www.fema.gov or contact your
local floodplain manager,
emergency manager, or State
Hazard Mitigation Officer.
89
4.1.6 Emergency Service Measures
Although not typically considered a mitigation technique, emergency service measures minimize the
impact of flooding on people and property. These are actions commonly taken immediately prior to,
during, or in response to a hazard event. Examples include:

Hazard warning system

Emergency response plan

COOP and COG planning

Critical facilities protection

Health and safety maintenance

Post flood recovery planning
Table 4.1 below identifies possible mitigation actions for each AoMI to consider.
Table 4-1. Mitigation Actions for Areas of Mitigation Interest
AoMI
Possible Actions to Reduce Flood Risk
Levees (accredited and non-accredited) and
significant levee-like structures
Engineering Assessment
Levee upgrades and strengthening
Emergency Action Plan
Purchase of flood insurance for at-risk structures
Coastal Structures
Jetties
Groins
Seawalls
Other structures
Engineering assessment
Structural upgrades and strengthening
Beach nourishment and dune construction
Increase coastal setbacks for construction
Natural Resource Protection
Living Shorelines
Wetland Protection/Restoration
Wetland restoration and mitigation banking programs
Habitat restoration programs
Living shoreline engineering design and construction
Past Claims and IA/PA Hot Spots
Acquisition
Elevation
Relocation
Floodproofing
Major Land Use Changes (past 5 years or
next 5 years)
Higher regulatory standard
Transfer of Development rights
Key Emergency Routes Overtopped During
Frequent Flooding Events
Elevation
Creation of alternate routes
Areas of Significant Coastal Erosion
Relocation of buildings and infrastructure
Regulations and planning
Natural vegetation
Increase coastal setbacks for construction
Beach nourishment and dune construction
Dune grass planting, dune walkovers, and other protective measures
Coastal armoring or stabilization structures
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
90
AoMI
Possible Actions to Reduce Flood Risk
Areas of Mitigation Success
Promoting successes to encourage future actions
4.2
Identifying Specific Actions for Your Community
As many mitigation actions are possible to lessen the impact of floods,
how can a community decide which ones are appropriate to
implement? There are many ways to identify specific actions most
appropriate for a community. Some factors to consider may include the
following:
Refer to FEMA Mitigation Planning
How To Guide #3 (FEMA 386-3)
“Developing the Mitigation Plan Identifying Mitigation Actions and
Implementation Strategies” for more
information on how to identify
specific mitigation actions to
address hazard risk in your
community.

Site characteristics. Does the site present unique challenges (e.g.,
significant slopes or erosion potential)? Review the Primary Frontal
Dune (PFD) Erosion Areas data in the Flood Risk Database to see
areas with retreat or removal potential. These areas may be good
candidates for beach nourishment or dune construction.

Flood characteristics. Are the flood waters affecting the site fast or
slow moving? Is there debris associated with the flow? How deep is
the flooding? Review the 1%-annual-chance depth grid in the Flood
Risk Database to see the depth of flooding. Review the Coastal
Wave Height Grid to see a detailed analysis of the wave heights
associated with the 1%-annual-chance flood event or the Coastal
Wave Hazard Severity Areas to see which areas in Essex County, MA
are likely to experience wave hazards. Review the Limit of Moderate
Wave Action (LiMWA) on the FIRM to see areas where potentially
damaging waves can occur in the Coastal A Zone. Structural retrofits
or elevation may be potential mitigation solutions for areas with
high wave hazard risks.

Social acceptance. Will the mitigation action be acceptable to the public? Does it cause social or
cultural problems? Talk to FEMA’s outreach specialists for a tailored outreach plan for Essex County,
MA. Use the Flood Risk Database to “show” the public the potential risks for a particular area.

Technical feasibility. Is the mitigation action technically feasible (e.g., making a building watertight
to a reasonable depth)? Work with engineers or other certified professionals when designing
mitigation activities.

Administrative feasibility. Is there administrative capability to implement the mitigation action?
Review each community’s Hazard Mitigation Plan to see which specific mitigation projects already
receive administrative support. Use the Flood Risk Database to match planned mitigation projects
with the highest risk areas to help prioritize future projects.

Legal. Does the mitigation action meet all applicable codes, regulations, and laws? Public officials
may have a legal responsibility to act and inform citizens if a known hazard has been identified.

Economic. Is the mitigation action affordable? Is it eligible under grant or other funding programs?
Can it be completed within existing budgets?
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
FEMA in collaboration with the
American Planning Association
has released the publication,
“Integrating Hazard Mitigation
into Local Planning.” This guide
explains how hazard mitigation
can be incorporated into several
different types of local planning
programs. For more information
go to www.planning.org. or
http://www.fema.gov/library.
91

Environmental. Does the mitigation action cause adverse impacts on the environment or can they
be mitigated? Is it the most appropriate action among the possible alternatives?
Each studied community’s local Hazard Mitigation Plan is a valuable place to identify and prioritize
possible mitigation actions. The plan includes a mitigation strategy with mitigation actions that were
developed through a public and open process. You can then add to or modify those actions based on
what is learned during the course of the Risk MAP project and the information provided within this FRR.
Also review the Flood Risk Database products to see areas with a high risk such as areas with PFD
erosion potential or high wave height potential. The Coastal Increased Inundation Areas product can
help for planning for the future or for more extreme scenarios. These products can help the community
understand which areas have a higher risk, allowing Essex County, MA to focus resources on these areas.
4.3
Mitigation Programs and Assistance
Not all mitigation activities require funding (e.g., local policy actions
such as strengthening a flood damage prevention ordinance), and those
that do are not limited to outside funding sources (e.g., inclusion in local
capital improvements plan, etc.). For those mitigation actions that
require assistance through funding or technical expertise, several state
and federal agencies have flood hazard mitigation grant programs and
offer technical assistance. These programs may be funded at different
levels over time or may be activated under special circumstances such
as after a presidential disaster declaration.
Communities can link hazard mitigation
plans and actions to the right FEMA
grant programs to fund flood risk
reduction. More information about
FEMA HMA programs can be found at
http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/
hma/index.shtm.
4.3.1 FEMA Mitigation Programs and Assistance
FEMA awards many mitigation grants each year to states and communities to undertake mitigation
projects to prevent future loss of life and property resulting from hazard impacts, including flooding. The
FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) programs provide grants for mitigation through the programs
listed in Table 4.2 below.
Table 4-2. FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Programs
Mitigation Grant Program
Authorization
Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program (HMGP)
Robert T. Stafford Disaster
Relief and Emergency
Assistance Act
Flood Mitigation Assistance
(FMA)
National Flood Insurance
Reform Act
Pre-Disaster Mitigation
(PDM)
Disaster Mitigation Act
Repetitive Flood Claims
(RFC)
Bunning-BereuterBlumenauer Flood Insurance
Reform Act
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
Purpose
Activated after a presidential disaster declaration; provides
funds on a sliding scale formula based on a percentage of the
total federal assistance for a disaster for long-term mitigation
measures to reduce vulnerability to natural hazards
Reduce or eliminate claims against the NFIP
National competitive program focused on mitigation project
and planning activities that address multiple natural hazards
Reduce flood claims against the NFIP through flood mitigation;
properties must be currently NFIP insured and have had at
least one NFIP claim
92
Mitigation Grant Program
Authorization
Purpose
Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL)
Bunning-BereuterBlumenauer Flood Insurance
Reform Act
Reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to SRL
residential structures currently insured under the NFIP
The HMGP and PDM programs offer funding for mitigation planning and project activities that address
multiple natural hazard events. The FMA, RFC, and SRL programs focus funding efforts on reducing
claims against the NFIP. Funding under the HMA programs is subject to availability of annual
appropriations, and HMGP funding is also subject to the amount of FEMA disaster recovery assistance
provided under a presidential major disaster declaration.
FEMA’s HMA grants are awarded to eligible states, tribes, and territories (applicant) that, in turn,
provide sub-grants to local governments and communities (sub-applicant). The applicant selects and
prioritizes sub-applications developed and submitted to them by sub-applicants and submits them to
FEMA for funding consideration. Prospective sub-applicants should consult the office designated as their
applicant for further information regarding specific program and application requirements. Contact
information for the FEMA Regional Offices and State Hazard Mitigation Officers (SHMO) is available on
the FEMA website (www.fema.gov).
4.3.2 Additional Mitigation Programs and Assistance
Several additional agencies including USACE, Natural Resource
Conservation Service (NRCS), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and others
have specialists on staff and can offer further information on flood
hazard mitigation. The State NFIP Coordinator and SHMO are state-level
sources of information and assistance, which vary among different
states.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
The Silver Jackets program, active in
several states, is a partnership of
USACE, FEMA, and state agencies.
The Silver Jackets program provides a
state-based strategy for an interagency
approach to planning and implementing
measures for risk reduction.
93
5 Acronyms and Definitions
5.1
Acronyms
A
AAL
ALR
AoMI
Average Annualized Loss
Annualized Loss Ratio
Areas of Mitigation Interest
B
BCA
BFE
BMP
Benefit-Cost Analysis
Base Flood Elevation
Best Management Practices
C
CFR
CHHA
COG
COOP
CRS
CSLF
Code of Federal Regulations
Coastal High Hazard Areas
Continuity of Government Plan
Continuity of Operations Plan
Community Rating System
Changes Since Last FIRM
D
DHS
DMA 2000
Department of Homeland Security
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
E
EAP
EOP
Emergency Action Plan
Emergency Operations Plan
F
FEMA
FIRM
FIS
FMA
FRD
FRM
FRR
FY
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Flood Insurance Rate Map
Flood Insurance Study
Flood Mitigation Assistance
Flood Risk Database
Flood Risk Map
Flood Risk Report
Fiscal Year
G
GIS
Geographic Information System
H
HMA
HMGP
Hazard Mitigation Assistance
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
94
I
IA
Individual Assistance
N
NFIA
NFIP
NRCS
National Flood Insurance Act
National Flood Insurance Program
Natural Resource Conservation Service
P
PA
PDM
PFD
PMF
Public Assistance
Pre-Disaster Mitigation
Primary Frontal Dune
Probable Maximum Flood
R
RFC
Risk MAP
Repetitive Flood Claims
Mapping, Assessment, and Planning
S
SFHA
SHMO
SRL
Special Flood Hazard Area
State Hazard Mitigation Officer
Severe Repetitive Loss
U
USACE
USGS
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Geological Survey
5.2
Definitions
0.2-percent-annual-chance flood – The flood elevation that has a 0.2-percent chance of being equaled
or exceeded each year. Sometimes referred to as the 500-year flood.
1-percent-annual-chance flood – The flood elevation that has a 1-percent chance of being equaled or
exceeded each year. Sometimes referred to as the 100-year flood.
Annualized Loss Ratio (ALR) – Expresses the annualized loss as a fraction of the value of the local
inventory (total value/annualized loss).
Average Annualized Loss (AAL) – The estimated long-term weighted average value of losses to property
in any single year in a specified geographic area.
Base Flood Elevation (BFE) – Elevation of the 1-percent-annual-chance flood. This elevation is the basis
of the insurance and floodplain management requirements of the NFIP.
Berm – A small levee, typically built from earth.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
95
Cfs – Cubic feet per second, the unit by which discharges are measured (a cubic foot of water is about
7.5 gallons).
Coastal High Hazard Area (CHHA)—Portion of the SFHA extending from offshore to the inland limit of a
primary frontal dune along an open coast or any other area subject to high velocity wave action from
storms or seismic sources.
Consequence (of flood) – The estimated damages associated with a given flood occurrence.
Crest – The peak stage or elevation reached or expected to be reached by the floodwaters of a specific
flood at a given location.
Dam – An artificial barrier that has the ability to impound water, wastewater, or any liquid-borne
material, for the purpose of storage or control of water.
Design flood event – The greater of the following two flood events: (1) the base flood, affecting those
areas identified as SFHAs on a community’s FIRM; or (2) the flood corresponding to the area designated
as a flood hazard area on a community’s flood hazard map or otherwise legally designated.
Erosion – Process by which floodwaters lower the ground surface in an area by removing upper layers of
soil.
Essential facilities – Facilities that, if damaged, would present an immediate threat to life, public health,
and safety. As categorized in Hazus, essential facilities include hospitals, emergency operations centers,
police stations, fire stations, and schools.
Flood – A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas
from (1) the overflow of inland or tidal waters or (2) the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of
surface waters from any source.
Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) – An official map of a community, on which FEMA has delineated
both the SFHAs and the risk premium zones applicable to the community. See also Digital Flood
Insurance Rate Map.
Flood Insurance Study (FIS) Report – Contains an examination, evaluation, and determination of the
flood hazards of a community, and if appropriate, the corresponding water-surface elevations.
Flood risk – Probability multiplied by consequence; the degree of probability that a loss or injury may
occur as a result of flooding. Sometimes referred to as flood vulnerability.
Flood vulnerability – Probability multiplied by consequence; the degree of probability that a loss or
injury may occur as a result of flooding. Sometimes referred to as flood risk.
Flood-borne debris impact – Floodwater moving at a moderate or high velocity can carry flood-borne
debris that can impact buildings and damage walls and foundations.
Floodwall – A long, narrow concrete or masonry wall built to protect land from flooding.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
96
Floodway (regulatory) – The channel of a river or other watercourse and that portion of the adjacent
floodplain that must remain unobstructed to permit passage of the base flood without cumulatively
increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated height (usually 1 foot).
Floodway fringe – The portion of the SFHA that is outside of the floodway.
Freeboard – A factor of safety usually expressed in feet above a flood level for purposes of flood plain
management. “Freeboard” tends to compensate for the many unknown factors that could contribute to
flood heights greater than the height calculated for a selected size flood and floodway conditions, such
as wave action, bridge openings, and the hydrological effect of urbanization of the watershed
(44CFR§59.1).
Hazus – A GIS-based risk assessment methodology and software application created by FEMA and the
National Institute of Building Sciences for analyzing potential losses from floods, hurricane winds and
storm surge, and earthquakes.
High velocity flow – Typically comprised of floodwaters moving faster than 5 feet per second.
Levee – A human-made structure, usually an earthen embankment, designed and constructed in
accordance with sound engineering practices to contain, control, or divert the flow of water so as to
provide protection from temporary flooding. (44CFR§59.1)
Loss ratio – Expresses loss as a fraction of the value of the local inventory (total value/loss).
Mudflow – Mudslide (i.e., mudflow) describes a condition where there is a river, flow or inundation of
liquid mud down a hillside usually as a result of a dual condition of loss of brush cover, and the
subsequent accumulation of water on the ground preceded by a period of unusually heavy or sustained
rain. A mudslide (i.e., mudflow) may occur as a distinct phenomenon while a landslide is in progress, and
will be recognized as such by the Administrator only if the mudflow, and not the landslide, is the
proximate cause of damage that occurs. (44CFR§59.1)
Primary frontal dune (PFD)—A continuous or nearly continuous mound or ridge of sand with relatively
steep seaward and landward slopes immediately landward and adjacent to the beach and subject to
erosion and overtopping from high tides and waves during major coastal storms. The inland limit of the
primary frontal dune occurs at the point where there is a distinct change from a relatively steep slope to
a relatively mild slope.
Probability (of flood) – The likelihood that a flood will occur in a given area.
Risk MAP – Risk Mapping, Assessment, and Planning, a FEMA strategy to work collaboratively with state,
local, and tribal entities to deliver quality flood data that increases public awareness and leads to action
that reduces risk to life and property.
Riverine – Of or produced by a river. Riverine floodplains have readily identifiable channels.
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) – Portion of the floodplain subject to inundation by the 1-percentannual or base flood.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
97
Stafford Act – Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, PL 100-707, signed into
law November 23, 1988; amended the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, PL 93-288. This Act constitutes the
statutory authority for most federal disaster response activities especially as they pertain to FEMA and
FEMA programs.
Stillwater –Projected elevation that flood waters would assume, referenced to National Geodetic
Vertical Datum of 1929, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, or other datum, in the absence of
waves resulting from wind or seismic effects.
Stream Flow Constrictions – A point where a human-made structure constricts the flow of a river or
stream.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
98
6 Additional Resources
ASCE 7 – National design standard issued by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Minimum
Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, which gives current requirements for dead, live, soil,
flood, wind, snow, rain, ice, and earthquake loads, and their combinations, suitable for inclusion in
building codes and other documents.
ASCE 24-05 – National design standard issued by the ASCE, Flood Resistant Design and Construction,
which outlines the requirements for flood resistant design and construction of structures in flood hazard
areas.
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA),
www.floodsmart.gov
FEMA, www.fema.gov
ASCE, 2010. So, You Live Behind a Levee! Reston, VA.
FEMA Publications – available at www.fema.gov
FEMA, 1985. Manufactured Home Installation in Flood Hazard Areas, FEMA 85. Washington, DC,
September 1985.
FEMA and the American Red Cross, 1992. Repairing Your Flooded Home, FEMA 234/ARC 4476.
Washington, DC, August 1992.
FEMA, 1996. Addressing Your Community’s Flood Problems, FEMA 309. Washington, DC, June 1996.
FEMA, 1998. Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting, FEMA 312. Washington, DC, June 1998.
FEMA, 1999. Protecting Building Utilities from Flood Damage, FEMA 348. Washington, DC, November
1999.
FEMA, 1999. Riverine Erosion Hazard Areas Mapping Feasibility Study. Washington, DC, September
1999.
FEMA, 2003. Interim Guidance for State and Local Officials - Increased Cost of Compliance Coverage,
FEMA 301. Washington, DC, September 2003.
FEMA, 2000. Above the Flood: Elevating Your Floodprone House, FEMA 347. Washington, DC, May 2000.
FEMA, 2001. Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses, FEMA 386-2.
Washington, DC, August 2001.
FEMA, 2002a. Getting Started: Building Support for Mitigation Planning, FEMA 386-1. Washington, DC,
September 2002.
FEMA, 2002b. Integrating Manmade Hazards into Mitigation Planning, FEMA 386-7. Washington, DC,
September 2002.
FEMA, 2003a. Developing the Mitigation Plan: Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementing
Strategies, FEMA 386-3. Washington, DC, April 2003.
FEMA, 2003b. Bringing the Plan to Life: Implementing the Hazard Mitigation Plan, FEMA 386-4.
Washington, DC, August 2003.
ESSEX COUNTY, MA COASTAL PMR FLOOD RISK REPORT
99
FEMA, 2004a. Design Guide for Improving School Safety in Earthquakes, Floods, and High Winds, FEMA
424. Washington, DC, January 2004.
FEMA, 2004b. Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Emergency Action Planning for Dam Owners, FEMA 64.
Washington, DC, April 2004.
FEMA, 2005. Integrating Historic Property and Cultural Resource Considerations into Hazard Mitigation
Planning, FEMA 386-6. Washington, DC, May 2005.
FEMA, 2006a. Multi-Jurisdictional Mitigation Planning, FEMA 386-8. Washington, DC, August 2006.
FEMA, 2006b. Using the Hazard Mitigation Plan to Prepare Successful Mitigation Projects, FEMA 386-9.
Washington, DC, August 2008.
FEMA, 2006c. “Designing for Flood Levels Above the BFE,” Hurricane Katrina Recovery Advisory 8,
Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast: Building Performance Observations, Recommendations, and
Technical Guidance, FEMA 549, Appendix E. Washington, DC, July 2006.
FEMA, 2007a. Property Acquisition Handbook for Local Communities, FEMA 317. Washington, DC,
September 2007.
FEMA, 2007b. Public Assistance Guide, FEMA 322. Washington, DC, June 2007.
FEMA, 2007c. Using Benefit-Cost Review in Mitigation Planning, FEMA 386-5. Washington, DC, May
2007.
FEMA, 2007d. Design Guide for Improving Critical Facility Safety from Flooding and High Winds:
Providing Protection to People and Buildings, FEMA 543. Washington, DC, January 2007.
FEMA, 2007e. Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures, FEMA 551.
Washington, DC, March 2007.
FEMA, 2007f. Design Guide for Improving Hospital Safety in Earthquakes, Floods, and High Winds:
Providing Protection to People and Buildings, FEMA 577. Washington, DC, June 2007.
FEMA, 2008. Reducing Flood Losses Through the International Codes: Meeting the Requirements of the
National Flood Insurance Program, FEMA 9-0372, Third Edition. Washington, DC, December 2007.
FEMA, 2009. Local Officials Guide for Coastal Construction, FEMA P-762. Washington, DC, February
2009.
FEMA, 2009. Recommended Residential Construction for Coastal Areas: Building on Strong and Safe
Foundations, FEMA P-550, Second Edition. Washington, DC, December 2009.
FEMA, 2010. Home Builder’s Guide to Coastal Construction, FEMA P-499. Washington, DC, December
2010.
FEMA, 2011. Coastal Construction Manual: Principles and Practices of Planning, Siting, Designing,
Constructing, and Maintaining Residential Buildings in Coastal Areas, Fourth Edition, FEMA P-55.
Washington, DC, August 2011.
USGS National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project. http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/shoreline-change/
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7 Data Used to Develop Flood Risk Products
GIS base map information was acquired from the following sources:
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2000 U.S. Census Block data – United States Census Bureau
Changes Since Last Firm – FEMA Essex County Flood Risk Database
Political Boundaries – FEMA Essex County Preliminary DFIRM Database
Roads – FEMA Essex County Preliminary DFIRM Database
Watershed Boundaries – United States Geological Survey
Wave Heights – FEMA Essex County Preliminary DFIRM Database
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