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Circulation Review
Chapter 3
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_Circulation Review_______________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Needed substances are carried to the body cells by
a. enzymes.
b. blood.
c. water.
d. food.
____ 2. Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called
a. veins.
b. arteries.
c. capillaries.
d. lymphatic vessels.
____ 3. When blood flows into the right atrium from the body, it contains
a. little oxygen and a lot of carbon dioxide.
b. a lot of oxygen and little carbon dioxide.
c. a lot of both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
d. little of either oxygen or carbon dioxide.
____ 4. In which vessels are materials exchanged between the blood and the body cells?
a. veins
b. arteries
c. capillaries
d. lymphatic vessels
____ 5. What causes blood pressure?
a. the force with which the ventricles contract
b. the rate at which blood flows through the heart
c. the speed at which oxygen is returned to blood in the lungs
d. the strength of the muscles in the walls of the capillaries
____ 6. What is the blood type of a person whose plasma contains only anti-B clumping proteins?
a. type A
b. type B
c. type AB
d. type O
____ 7. What eventually happens to fluid that leaks from capillaries into the surrounding tissues?
a. It undergoes chemical reactions and becomes fatty tissue.
b. It replaces dead body cells.
c. It returns to the blood through the lymphatic system.
d. It replaces dead red blood cells.
____ 8. Why is atherosclerosis especially serious when it develops in the coronary arteries?
a. It can then go on to affect the aorta.
b. It can make red blood cells die.
c. It can lead to a heart attack.
d. It can limit the functioning of white blood cells.
____ 9. To maintain cardiovascular health, foods high in fat should be avoided because
a. they make the blood flow more rapidly than normal.
b. they decrease the force with which the ventricles can contract.
c. they can lead to atherosclerosis.
d. fat in the diet harms red blood cells.
____ 10.
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?
a. thermometer
b. stethoscope
c. sphygmomanometer
d. blood bank
____ 11. Hypertension is a condition in which
a. blood pressure is consistently lower than normal.
b. blood pressure is consistently higher than normal.
c. fatty deposits build up on artery walls.
d. some of the heart muscle dies.
____ 12. Which component of blood is 90 percent water?
a. plasma
b. platelets
c. red blood cells
d. white blood cells
____ 13. The function of white blood cells is to
a. carry carbon dioxide.
b. increase blood pressure.
c. carry wastes away from body cells.
d. fight disease.
____ 14. What layer or layers of veins have muscles?
a. the outer layer only
b. the middle layer only
c. the inner layer only
d. all three layers
____ 15. Which of the following steps will NOT help prevent atherosclerosis?
a. avoiding smoking
b. exercising regularly
c. eating foods that contain a lot of sodium
d. avoiding foods that are high in saturated fats
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
16 - 22 Identify structures A through G.
A. _______________________________________
B. _______________________________________
C. _______________________________________
D. _______________________________________
E. _______________________________________
F. _______________________________________
G. _______________________________________
23. What is the function of structure labeled C. Be sure to use
correct vocabulary words.
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Completion: Complete each statement.
24. Fibrin is produced when the blood components called ___________________________________ start a chain
reaction that produces a blood clot.
25. High blood pressure is also called ___________________________________.
26. The group of cells called the ___________________________________ regulates the rate at which the heart beats.
27. The circulatory system carries the needed materials oxygen and ___________________________________ to the
body cells.
28. Blood that contains large amounts of carbon dioxide flows from the body into the ___________________________
atrium of the heart.
29. Substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells in the blood vessels known as
___________________________________.
30. The force with which the ___________________________________ contracts causes blood pressure.
31. A buildup of cholesterol in artery walls can lead to a condition called ___________________________________.
32. Blood returns to the heart from the body through blood vessels called ___________________________________.
33. The marker molecules on red blood cells determine a person’s ___________________________________.
34. Fluid that has leaked out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the ______________________________ system.
35. Fluid from the blood that enters lymphatic vessels is known as ____________________________________.
36. Cardiovascular health can be maintained by strengthening the heart muscle through regular
___________________________________.
37. A sphygmomanometer measures ___________________________________.
38. A flap of tissue called a(n) ___________________________________ separates the right atrium from the
right ventricle.
Selection: Circle the correct word to make the statement true.
39. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and (lymph / blood).
40. Blood flows from the heart to the body through (veins / arteries).
41. As blood moves away from the heart, blood pressure (increases / decreases).
Essay: All answers must be written using 6-traits, fully developed, and supported with details.
42. Explain what blood pressure is and what causes it. Why can high blood pressure be dangerous?
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43. Explain why people with type AB blood can accept transfusions of any type blood.
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44. What is meant by the “two loops” pattern of blood flow? Explain your answer.
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45. Describe how blood pressure changes as blood flows through the body after leaving the heart. Explain why
this happens.
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42. Blood pressure is the force exerted against the walls of the blood vessel by the blood. It is caused by
the force with which the ventricles of the heart contract. High blood pressure can be dangerous because
high pressure makes the heart work harder and may damage the walls of blood vessels. Over time, both the
heart and the arteries can be harmed.
43. Some blood types react to certain marker molecules by clumping. People with type AB blood do not
produce clumping chemicals that act against either A or B markers. Type O blood does not contain either A
or B markers. Therefore, a person with group AB blood can accept a transfusion of any blood type, because
no clumping will occur.
44. The overall pattern of blood flow through the body is somewhat like a figure eight with the heart at
the center where the two loops cross. In the first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then
back to the heart. In the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then
returns to the heart.
45. In general, as blood moves away from the heart, its pressure decreases. Blood flowing through
arteries exerts the highest pressure. As blood flows through the capillaries, its pressure decreases. Blood
pressure is lowest in veins. This happens because the farther away from the heart the blood moves, the
lower the force of the ventricles.