Chapter 5 Study Guide: South Carolina History: The Civil War
Lesson 1
1.Recall 5 issues that led to the Civil War?(review question)
2. What action was taken at South Carolina’s convention?
3. Identify the key political changes that prompted South Carolina to secede.
4. What was Lincoln’s position on slavery?
5. Explain what logic secessionists used to label the abolition of slavery as unconstitutional.
6. What reason did SC give in the Declaration of Immediate Causes to justify secession from the Union?
7. What initiated the first act of the Civil War?
8. Identify two things that happened as a result of the attack on Fort Sumter.
Lesson 2
9. How did the Northern blockade affect the Confederate’s war effort and economy?
10. Identify an important outcome of the Battle at Port Royal.
11. Why were blockade runners important to the Confederacy?
12. How did the Emancipation Proclamation and Sherman’s March through Georgia and SC turn the tide of the war?
13. Why was the battle of Secessionville so significant to the war’s overall outcome?
14. How did the capture of Morris Island impact blockade running?
15. After failed attempts to capture Charleston, what final strategy did the Union implement?
16. What is the historic significance of the Hunley?
17. How did the Confederate states respond to the Emancipation Proclamation?
18.What impact did Robert Smalls and the siege of Charleston have on the Confederacy?
Lesson 3
19. How did the war impact the plantation system in SC ?
20. Give three examples of negative reactions to conscription in the North and South?
21. Explain how shortages and inflation affected Southerners and their attitudes about the war.
22. How did women and children contribute to the war effort?
23. In what ways did slaves respond to the outbreak of the war?
24. What change brought about by the Civil War had the greatest impact ?
25. What is the significance of May 1, 1865?
Responses to Chapter 5 Study Guide Questions: Please Correct Your Mistakes
Don’t forget to study your essential terms for this chapter.
Be sure to review important people, battles, and essential dates.
Review notes on each of the three lessons in this chapter.
Lesson 1
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Sectionalism vs Nationalism, slavery, states’ rights, tariffs, expansion compromises, abolitionist movement, slave
revolts, property rights.
Ordinance of Secession was ratified, declaring South Carolina’s separation from the Union.
The rise of the Republican Party and Lincoln’s election in 1860
He believed in the idea of “free soil.” Did not support the expansion of slavery into the western territories and states.
They argued that 1) the federal gov’t was a union of states whose rights must be respected. Since interfering with
slavery went against South Carolina’s rights, the Union’s actions were unconstitutional.2) Slaves are property, and
property ownership is protected by the Constitution-example: The 5th amendment protects the life, liberty , and
property of all citizens. The Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott case upheld this argument.
Accused Northern states of deliberately breaking the federal compact by ignoring the 4th Article of the Constitution,
which refers to the obligation to return any runaway slaves to the South.
On April 12, 1861, Confederates attacked federally controlled Fort Sumter in Charleston.
The Civil War officially began and the remaining Southern states seceded.
Lesson 2
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They surrounded Southern ports and prevented ships from importing military and other supplies. Stopped planters
from shipping cotton overseas, which hurt the economy.
The Union forces took control of Beaufort, Port Royal, Hilton Head, and the neighboring Sea Islands. Then they made
life difficult for the Confederacy by using its position in Port Royal to set up a naval blockade along the SC coast.
They exported and imported goods from Charleston Harbor, sustaining the life of the Confederacy.
Emancipation Proclamation : led to creation of black regiments, and 186,000 blacks helped replenish the depleted
Union army. The loss of plantation labor force financially destroyed the South. Although issued almost 2 years before
the war was over, in practice the South only freed slaves when forced to (after the Union won the war). Sherman: The
March terrorized citizens and kept the Confederate army guessing and he also captured towns and won battles along
the way. The South was demoralized when homes, plantations, and railroads during his march to the sea. His goal
was to bring the proud Confederacy to its knees and force her to surrender unconditionally.
This Confederate victory ultimately saved Charleston, the symbol of Southern defiance, from being captured by the
Union. A Northern win at Charleston would have created a “symbolic victory” so meaningful that it would have
probably changed the course of the entire war.
It slowed down the frequency of blockade runs.
It laid siege to the city and bombarded it for over a year. The plan was to take the city, no matter what the cost!
It became the first submarine to sink an enemy vessel when it rammed a torpedo into the Union’s Housatonic.
They disobeyed it because they were not under the control of the US Constitution and laws passed by Congress. The
US president’s proclamation was law for the states that seceded.
He was a slave to commandeered The Planter to escape the Confederacy with his family and crew. He slipped through
Charleston Harbor and gave the Confederate warship to the Union. He also provided valuable information to the
Union about Charleston’s military strategies and supplies.
Lesson 3
19. The plantation system was fundamentally changed and could not recover to its previous state.
20. Sometimes draft dodgers avoided joining the fight but joined deserters and formed marauding gangs. The poor in the
South resented exceptions that allowed the rich not to serve. The poor in the North resented an exception for
wealthy men so much that they rioted.
21. Food and clothing were in short supply as the war went on. Many were hungry, especially the poor. The lower class
blamed wealthy Southerners for causing the Civil War. Those who suffered began to resent and not support the war
effort.
22. The was made womens’ lives were more difficult because soldiers needed supplies which created shortages on the
homefront. Women continued to tend the farms or ran plantations while the men were away, raised money for the
war effort, and served as nurses. Children helped maintain farms and plantations. Boys as young as 10 years old
enlisted in the army to serve as drummer boys, powder monkeys, and flag-bearers.
23. Some took the opportunity to escape to Union territory. After the Emancipation Proclamation, thousands joined the
Union army to fight for the cause of freedom. The 21st,54th, and 55th US Colored Infantries were amond the first to
enter Charleston. Others joined the cause by serving with either the Union or the Confederacy.
24. Number 1 Change:A staggering death toll of 620.000 made it the deadliest war in American History. More men died
from disease than in combat.Secondary changes:The South was in ruins and had to rebuild its entire society because
the plantation system, supported by the institution of slavery, was gone forever. The power of the national
government and the United States Constitution are superior to state governments. Slavery is forever prohibited in
the United States.
25. See insert page 179. Decoration Day honored the Union soldiers buried in a former prison camp in Charleston. This
date eventually became Memorial Day celebrated the last weekend in May.
26. .