Research Summary of available studies:
Most cancer cells elongate telomere length to ensure immortality. ERW inhibits
binding of telomerase to telomere region resulting in shortening of telomere
length.1
H2 (Hydrogen) is able to rapidly diffuse across membranes. It can reach and
react with cytotoxic ROS like hydroxyl radical. 2
Acute oxidative stress causes serious damage to tissues. Persistent oxidative
stress is one of the causes of many common diseases, such as cancer and it may
also accelerate the aging process. ERW has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic
effects and it may also improve mitochondrial disorders. 3
Alkaline reduced water with a high pH and low ORP, has an anti-diabetic and
anti-cancer effect. Long term ingestion results in reduction in levels of glucose,
triglycerides and total cholesterol in the blood. It showed tumour growth delay
and the life span of rats was significantly lengthened. It also inhibited
metastasis. It can also help to optimise the immune response
(immunomodulator).4
ERW enhanced human lymphocyte resistance to DNA strand breaks by ROS.
ERW could help prevent total RNA degradation. Enhances ascorbic acid
(Vitamin C) about threefold when dissolved in ERW and it could have an
inhibitory effect on the oxidation of ascorbic acid. 5
Long term use improved T-Cell apoptosis and cytokines in end stage renal
patients with chronic haemodialysis. 6
ERW is an antioxidant and there is an enhanced inhibition effect of on
leukaemia cells (HL60) with different combinations of Glutathione and ERW.7
ERW with Platinum nanoparticles is a potential new antioxidant against
carcinogenesis.8
ERW suppresses growth of cancer cells and it exhibits a weak microbicidal
effect, especially in low or smaller densities of the microorganisms. It may
contribute to prevent the rot of food or improve the intestinal micro flora to
prevent abnormal fermentation. 9
ERW with Platinum Nanoparticles brings about the process of programmed cell
death in cancer cells. 10
The consumption of hydrogen-rich water for 6 weeks reduced reactive oxygen
metabolites in the blood and maintained blood oxidation potential. Quality of
Life scores during radiotherapy were significantly improved in patients treated
with hydrogen-rich water compared to patients receiving placebo water. There
was no difference in tumor response to radiotherapy between the two groups.
Daily consumption of hydrogen-rich water is a potentially novel, therapeutic
strategy for improving QOL after radiation exposure. Consumption of hydrogenrich water reduces the biological reaction to radiation-induced oxidative stress
without compromising anti-tumor effects. 11
This study proved that a H2 rich medium reduced •OH. Radiation induced preprogrammed cell death in living mice and it also caused a depletion of white
blood cells and platelets. H2 protected the immune system and alleviated the
haematological injury induced by IR. 12
In this study it showed that platinum nanocolloid-supplemented hydrogendissolved water inhibits growth of human tongue carcinoma cells preferentially
over normal cells. 13
Hydrogen has been reported to have neuron protective effects due to its
antioxidant properties. Treatment with hydrogen water for 30 days prevented
age-related declines in cognitive ability seen in mice as assessed by a water
maze test and was associated with increased brain serotonin levels and
elevated serum antioxidant activity. In addition, drinking hydrogen water for 18
weeks inhibited neurodegeneration in hippocampus, while marked loss of
neurons was noted in control, aged brains of mice receiving regular water. On
the basis of our results, hydrogen water merits further investigation for
possible therapeutic/preventative use for age-related cognitive disorders. 14
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by cardio metabolic risk factors that
include obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Oxidative
stress is known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of hydrogen rich
water (1.5–2 L/day) in an open label, 8-week study on 20 subjects with
potential metabolic syndrome. Hydrogen rich water was produced, by placing a
metallic magnesium stick into drinking water (hydrogen concentration; 0.55–
0.65 mM), by the following chemical reaction; Mg + 2H2O → Mg (OH)2 + H2.
The consumption of hydrogen rich water for 8 weeks resulted in a 39% increase
(p<0.05) in antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD - they are an
important antioxidant defence in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen.)2* and a
43% decrease (p<0.05) in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in urine.
Further, subjects demonstrated an 8% increase in high density lipoprotein
(HDL)-cholesterol and a 13% decrease in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol from
baseline to week 4. There was no change in fasting glucose levels during the 8
week study. In conclusion, drinking hydrogen rich water represents a
potentially novel therapeutic and preventive strategy for metabolic syndrome.
The portable magnesium stick was a safe, easy and effective method of
delivering hydrogen rich water for daily consumption by participants in the
study. TBARS is a widely used method of for investigating overall lipid
peroxidation. 15
In this study rats were given HRW (Hydrogen Reduced Water) for sixteen
weeks. The findings were: water intake and urine flow were greater in the rats
given HRW. They found that the antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in
the HRW than in the control group. They also found that the glomerulosclerosis
score for the HRW group was significantly lower than in the control group. The
present findings suggest that HRW conferred significant benefits against
abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome model rats, at least by preventing and
ameliorating glomerulosclerosis and creatinine clearance. 16
Our study demonstrates that H2 exerts metabolic effects similar to those of
insulin and may be a novel therapeutic alternative to insulin in type 1 diabetes
mellitus that can be administered orally. 17
Drinking HW significantly reduced neointima formation after vein grafting in
rats. Drinking HW may have therapeutic value as a novel therapy for intimal
hyperplasia and could easily be incorporated into daily life. 18
In a study performed by the Serbian Ministry of Science HRW demonstrated
potential to be used as an alkalizing agent in individuals with exercise-induced
metabolic acidosis. 19
This study indicates that the inhibitory effect of ERW on tumor invasion is due
to, at least in part, its antioxidative effect. 20
Electrolyzed reduced water, which is capable of scavenging reactive oxygen
species, is attracting recent attention because it has shown improved efficacy
against several types of diseases including diabetes mellitus. Alloxan produces
reactive oxygen species and causes type 1 diabetes mellitus in experimental
animals by irreversible oxidative damage to insulin-producing β-cells. Here, we
showed that electrolyzed reduced water prevented Alloxan-induced DNA
fragmentation and the production of cells in sub-G1 phase in HIT-T15
pancreatic β-cells. Blood glucose levels in Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes
model mice were also significantly suppressed by feeding the mice with
electrolyzed reduced water. These results suggest that electrolyzed reduced
water can prevent apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells and the development of
symptoms in type 1 diabetes model mice by alleviating the Alloxan-derived
generation of reactive oxygen species. 21
Insulin-producing cells express limited activities of anti-oxidative enzymes.
Therefore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in these cells play a crucial
role in cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus (DM) development is
closely linked to higher ROS levels in insulin-producing cells. Hita Tenryosui
Water® (Hita T. W., Hita, Japan) and Nordenau water (Nord. W., Nordenau,
Germany), referred to as natural reduced waters (NRWs), scavenge ROS in
cultured cells, and therefore, might be a possibility as an alternative to
conventional pharmacological agents against DM. NRWs equally suppressed
DNA fragmentation levels. Hita T. W. and Nord. W. ameliorated ALX-induced
sub-G1 phase production from approximately 40% of control levels to 8.5 and
11.8%, respectively. NRWs restored serum insulin levels (p < 0.01) and reduced
blood glucose levels (p < 0.01) in ALX-induced mice. Hita T. W. restored tissue
superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05) activity but not tissue catalase activity.
Hita T. W. did not elevate SOD or catalase activity in HIT-T15 cells. Nord. W.
restored SOD (p < 0.05) and catalase (p < 0.05) activity in both cultured cells
and pancreatic tissue to normal levels. Even though variable efficacies were
observed between Hita T. W. and Nord. W., both waters suppressed ALXinduced DM development in CD-1 male mice by administering NRWs for
8 weeks. Our results suggest that Hita T. W. and Nord. W. protect against ALXinduced β-cell apoptosis, and prevent the development of ALX-induced DM in
experimental animals by regulating ALX-derived ROS generation and elevating
anti-oxidative enzymes. Therefore, the two NRWs tested here are promising
candidates for the prevention of DM development. 22
Since the first description of Parkinson's disease (PD) nearly two centuries ago,
a number of studies have revealed the clinical symptoms, pathology, and
therapeutic approaches to overcome this intractable neurodegenerative
disease. 1-methy-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are neurotoxins which produce Parkinsonian
pathology. From the animal studies using these neurotoxins, it has become well
established that oxidative stress is a primary cause of, and essential for, cellular
apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. Here, we describe the mechanism whereby
oxidative stress evokes irreversible cell death, and propose a novel therapeutic
strategy for PD using molecular hydrogen. Hydrogen has an ability to reduce
oxidative damage and ameliorate the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic
neuronal pathway in two experimental animal models. Thus, it is strongly
suggested that hydrogen might provide a great advantage to prevent or
minimize the onset and progression of PD. 23
Hydrogen has potential for improving the quality of life of patients during
chemotherapy by efficiently mitigating the side effects of cisplatin. 24
Oxidative stress is implicated in atherogenesis; however most clinical trials with
dietary antioxidants failed to show marked success in preventing
atherosclerotic diseases. We have found that hydrogen (dihydrogen; H2) acts as
an effective antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress [I. Ohsawa, M. Ishikawa, K.
Takahashi, M. Watanabe, K. Nishimaki, K. Yamagata, K. Katsura, Y. Katayama, S,
Asoh, S. Ohta, Hydrogen 32 acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively
reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals, Nat. Med. 13 (2007) 688–694]. Here, we
investigated whether drinking H2-dissolved water at a saturated level (H2–
water) ad libitum prevents arteriosclerosis using an apolipoprotein E knockout
mouse (apoE/), a model of the spontaneous development of atherosclerosis.
ApoE/ mice drank H2–water ad libitum from 2 to 6 months old throughout the
whole period. Atherosclerotic lesions were significantly reduced by ad libitum
drinking of H2–water (p = 0.0069) as judged by Oil-Red-O staining series of
sections of aorta. The oxidative stress level of aorta was decreased.
Accumulation of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions was confirmed. Thus,
consumption of H2-dissolved water has the potential to prevent
arteriosclerosis. 25
Hydrogen-enriched water improves mitochondrial dysfunction in MM and
inflammatory processes in PM/DM. Less prominent effects with the doubleblind trial compared to the open-label trial were likely due to a lower amount
of administered hydrogen and a shorter observation period, which implies a
threshold effect or a dose-response effect of hydrogen. 26
H2 acted to restore transcriptional alterations induced by ONOO-.These results
imply that one of the functions of H2 exhibits cytoprotective (protecting cells
from noxious chemicals or other stimuli) effects and transcriptional alterations
through reducing ONOO-. Moreover, novel pharmacological strategies aimed at
selective removal of ONOO- may represent a powerful method for preventive
and therapeutic use of H2 for joint diseases. 27
Hydrogen water increased breath hydrogen concentrations from 8.6 ± 2.1 to
32.6 ± 3.3 ppm (mean and SEM, n = 8) in 10 min in healthy subjects. Lactulose
increased breath hydrogen concentrations in 86% of healthy subjects and 59%
of PD patients. Compared to monophasic hydrogen increases in 71% of healthy
subjects, 32% and 41% of PD patients showed biphasic and no increases,
respectively. Lactulose also increased breath hydrogen levels monophasically in
9 rats. Lactulose, however, marginally ameliorated 6-OHDA-induced PD in rats.
Continuous administration of 2% hydrogen gas similarly had marginal effects.
On the other hand, intermittent administration of 2% hydrogen gas prevented
PD in 4 of 6 rats. Lack of dose responses of hydrogen and the presence of
favourable effects with hydrogen water and intermittent hydrogen gas suggest
that signal modulating activities of hydrogen are likely to be instrumental in
exerting a protective effect against PD. 28
Drinking high H2 water seems to raise the concentration of H2 more than the
H2 saturated (1.6 ppm) water in vivo. Urinary 8-OHdG was significantly reduced
by 14.3% (p < 0.01) on average. DAS28 (Disease Activity Score for 28 Joints) 2*
also decreased from 3.83 to 3.02 (p < 0.01) during the same period. After the
wash-out period, both the urinary 8-OHdG and the mean DAS28 decreased,
compared to the end of the drinking period. During the second drinking period,
the mean DAS28 was reduced from 2.83 to 2.26 (p < 0.01). Urinary 8-OHdG was
not further reduced but remained below the baseline value. All the 5 patients
with early RA (duration < 12 months) who did not show antibodies against cyclic
citrullinated peptides (ACPAs) achieved remission, and 4 of them became
symptom-free at the end of the study. The results suggest that the hydroxyl
radical scavenger H2 effectively reduces oxidative stress in patients with this
condition. The symptoms of RA were significantly improved with high H2 water.
29
HRW inhibited glucose- and α,β-dicarbonyl compound-induced ROS production
in kidney homogenates from Wistar rats in vitro. Furthermore, SHR.CgLeprcp/NDmcr rats treated with HRW showed a 34% decrease in ROS
production. Moreover, their renal glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3deoxyglucosone levels decreased by 81%, 77%, and 60%, respectively. Positive
correlations were found between renal ROS levels and renal glyoxal (r = 0.659,
p = 0.008) and methylglyoxal (r = 0.782, p = 0.001) levels. These results indicate
that HRW inhibits the production of α,β-dicarbonyl compounds and ROS in the
kidneys of SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rats. Therefore, it has therapeutic potential
for renal dysfunction in patient with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
30
Although acute exercise resulted in an increase in blood lactate levels in the
subjects given PW, oral intake of HW prevented an elevation of blood lactate
during heavy exercise. Peak torque of PW significantly decreased during
maximal isokinetic knee extension, suggesting muscle fatigue, but peak torque
of HW didn’t decrease at early phase. There was no significant change in blood
oxidative injury markers (d-ROMs and BAP) or creatine kinease after exercise.
Adequate hydration with hydrogen-rich water pre-exercise reduced blood
lactate levels and improved exercise-induced decline of muscle function.
Although further studies to elucidate the exact mechanisms and the benefits
are needed to be confirmed in larger series of studies, these preliminary results
may suggest that HW may be suitable hydration for athletes. 31
It has been shown that molecular hydrogen (H2) acts as a therapeutic
antioxidant and suppresses brain injury by buffering the effects of oxidative
stress. Chronic oxidative stress causes neurodegenerative diseases such as
Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that drinking H2-containing water
significantly reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD model mice using
both acute and chronic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6tetrahydropyridine(MPTP). The concentration-dependency of H2 showed that
H2 as low as 0.08 ppm had almost the same effect as saturated H2 water (1.5
ppm). MPTP-induced accumulation of cellular 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a marker
of DNA damage, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation
were significantly decreased in the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway in mice
drinking H2-containing water, whereas production of superoxide (O2•−)
detected by intravascular injection of dihydroethidium (DHE) was not reduced
significantly. Our results indicated that low concentration of H2 in drinking
water can reduce oxidative stress in the brain. Thus, drinking H2-containing
water may be useful in daily life to prevent or minimize the risk of life stylerelated oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. 32
The properties and effects of neutral pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water
(NHE water) on tumor cells were examined. NHE water diminished hydroxyl
radicals as demonstrated by ESR in a cell-free system. Human tongue carcinoma
cells HSC-4 were inhibited for either colony formation efficiencies or colony
sizes by NHE water without significant inhibition to normal human tongue
epithelial-like cells DOK. Furthermore, NHE water caused growth inhibition, cell
degeneration, and inhibition of invasion through the reconstituted basement
membrane to human fibrosarcoma cells HT-1080. Intracellular oxidants such as
hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxides were scavenged in HSC-4 or HT-1080
cells by NHE water. In the human oral cavity, a dissolved hydrogen
concentrations (DH) of NHE water was drastically declined from 1.1 to 0.5 ppm,
but settled to 0.3-0.4 ppm until 180 s, upon static holding without gargling.
Thus, NHE water was shown to achieve tumor-preferential growth inhibition
and tumor invasion together with scavenging of intracellular oxidants, and is
expected as a preventive material against tumor progression and invasion. 33
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of tumor
angiogenesis. Tumor cells are exposed to higher oxidative stress compared to
normal cells. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the intracellular redox
(oxidation/reduction) state is closely associated with the pattern of VEGF
expression. Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) produced near the cathode
during the electrolysis of water scavenged intracellular H2O2 and decreased
the release of H2O2 from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549, and
down-regulated both VEGF transcription and protein secretion in a timedependent manner. To investigate the signal transduction pathway involved in
regulating VEGF expression, mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) specific
inhibitors, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) and JNKi
(c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase inhibitor) were applied. The results showed
that only PD98059 blocks VEGF expression, suggesting an important role for
ERK1/2 in regulating VEGF expression in A549 cells. As well, ERW inhibited the
activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in a time-dependent
manner. Co-culture experiments to analyse in vitro tubule formation assay
revealed that A549 cell-derived conditioned medium significantly stimulated
the formation of vascular tubules in all analysed parameters; tubule total area,
tubule junction, number of tubules, and total tubule length. ERW counteracted
the effect of A549 cell-conditioned medium and decreased total tube length
(p<0.01). The present study demonstrated that ERW down-regulated VEGF
gene transcription and protein secretion through inactivation of ERK.34
Molecular hydrogen has been reported to be effective for a variety of disorders
and its effects have been ascribed to the reduction of oxidative stress.
However, we have recently demonstrated that hydrogen inhibits type I allergy
through modulating intracellular signal transduction. These results suggested a
role for molecular hydrogen as a signal modulator. Finally, oral intake of
hydrogen-rich water alleviated anti-type II collagen antibody-induced arthritis
in mice, a model for human rheumatoid arthritis. Taken together, our studies
indicate that hydrogen inhibits LPS/IFNγ-induced NO production through
modulation of signal transduction in macrophages and ameliorates
inflammatory arthritis in mice, providing the molecular basis for hydrogen
effects on inflammation and a functional interaction between two gaseous
signalling molecules, NO and molecular hydrogen.35
Hydrogen-enriched water improves mitochondrial dysfunction in MM and
inflammatory processes in PM/DM. Less prominent effects with the doubleblind trial compared to the open-label trial were likely due to a lower amount
of administered hydrogen and a shorter observation period, which implies a
threshold effect or a dose-response effect of hydrogen. One of the patients
who was an insulin-treated MELAS patient had a hypoglycaemic episode. This
was rectified by lowering the insulin dose. 36
Molecular hydrogen ameliorates oxidative stress-associated diseases in animal
models. We found that oral intake of hydrogen-rich water abolishes an
immediate-type allergic reaction in mice. In the immediate-type allergic
reaction, hydrogen exerts its beneficial effect not by its radical scavenging
activity but by modulating a specific signalling pathway. Effects of hydrogen in
other diseases are possibly mediated by modulation of yet unidentified
signalling pathways. 37
Oxidative stress is recognized widely as being associated with various disorders
including diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. It is well established that
hydrogen has a reducing action. We therefore investigated the effects of
hydrogen-rich water intake on lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with
either type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We
performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in
30 patients with T2DM controlled by diet and exercise therapy and 6 patients
with IGT. The patients consumed either 900 mL/d of hydrogen-rich pure water
or 900 mL of placebo pure water for 8 weeks, with a 12-week washout period.
Several biomarkers of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and glucose
metabolism, assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test, were evaluated at
baseline and at 8 weeks. Intake of hydrogen-rich water was associated with
significant decreases in the levels of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol (ie, modifications that increase the net negative charge of LDL),
small dense LDL, and urinary 8-isoprostanes by 15.5% (P < .01), 5.7% (P < .05),
and 6.6% (P < .05), respectively. Hydrogen-rich water intake was also associated
with a trend of decreased serum concentrations of oxidized LDL and free fatty
acids, and increased plasma levels of adiponectin and extracellular-superoxide
dismutase. In 4 of 6 patients with IGT, intake of hydrogen-rich water normalized
the oral glucose tolerance test. In conclusion, these results suggest that
supplementation with hydrogen-rich water may have a beneficial role in
prevention of T2DM and insulin resistance. 38
Basal cellular viability and function to generate superoxide radicals of PMNs
were better preserved by e-RO application. In the clinical trial, reductions of
blood pressure were noted, but no adverse events were observed. There were
no changes in the blood dialysis parameters, although methylguanidine levels
were significantly decreased at the end of study. The present study
demonstrated the capacity of e-RO to preserve the viability of PMNs, and the
clinical feasibility of applying this water for HD treatment. The clinical
application of this technology may improve the bio-compatibility of HD
treatment. 39
In this study there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP)
before and after dialysis. A significant number of patients achieved SBP <140
mmHg after Haemodialysis. This system could offer a novel therapeutic option
for control of uraemia. 40
First, we show that hepatic glycogen accumulates H2 after oral administration
of H2-water, explaining why consumption of even a small amount of H2 over a
short span time efficiently improves various disease models. This finding was
supported by an in vitro experiment in which glycogen solution maintained H2.
Next, we examined the benefit of ad libitum drinking H2-water to type 2
diabetes using db/db obesity model mice lacking the functional leptin receptor.
Drinking H2-water reduced hepatic oxidative stress, and significantly alleviated
fatty liver in db/db mice as well as high fat-diet-induced fatty liver in wild-type
mice. Long-term drinking H2-water significantly controlled fat and body
weights, despite no increase in consumption of diet and water. Moreover,
drinking H2-water decreased levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride,
the effect of which on hyperglycaemia was similar to diet restriction. To
examine how drinking H2-water improves obesity and metabolic parameters at
the molecular level, we examined gene-expression profiles, and found
enhanced expression of a hepatic hormone, fibroblast growth factor 21
(FGF21), which functions to enhance fatty acid and glucose expenditure.
Indeed, H2 stimulated energy metabolism as measured by oxygen
consumption. The present results suggest the potential benefit of H2 in
improving obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. 41
References for research summary:
1
Telomere Shortening in Cancer Cells by Electrolyzed-Reduced Water
Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic
oxygen radicals
3
Molecular hydrogen is a novel antioxidant to efficiently reduce oxidative stress
with potential for the improvement of mitochondrial diseases
4
Alkaline Reduced Water produced by UMQ showed Anti-cancer and Antidiabetic effect
5
Electrolyzed-reduced water protects against oxidative damage to DNA, RNA,
and protein.
6
Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage
renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis
7
Enhanced Induction of Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis in Human
Leukaemia HL-60 Cells due to Electrolyzed-Reduced Water and Glutathione
8
Electrolyzed Reduced Water Supplemented with Platinum Nanoparticles
Suppresses Promotion of Two-stage Cell Transformation.
9
Suppressive Effect of Electrolyzed-Reduced Water on the Growth of Cancer
Cells and Microorganisms
10
Induction of Caspase-3-dependent Apoptosis by Electrolyzed Reduced
Water/platinum Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells
11
Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients
treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors
12
Hydrogen-rich saline protects immunocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis
13
Platinum nanocolloid-supplemented hydrogen-dissolved water inhibits
growth of human tongue carcinoma cells preferentially over normal cells
14
Drinking Hydrogen Water Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment in SenescenceAccelerated Mice
15
Effectiveness of Hydrogen Rich Water on Antioxidant Status of Subjects with
Potential Metabolic Syndrome - An Open Label Pilot Study
16
Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in a SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat
- a metabolic syndrome rat model
17
Hydrogen Improves Glycaemic Control in Type1 Diabetic Animal Model by
Promoting Glucose Uptake into Skeletal Muscle
18
Oral intake of hydrogen-rich water inhibits intimal hyperplasia in arterialized
vein grafts in rats
2
19
Serum Alkalinization and Hydrogen-Rich Water in Healthy Men
Suppressive effects of electrochemically reduced water on matrix
etalloproteinase-2 activities and in vitro invasion of human fibrosarcoma
HT1080 cells
21
Suppressive effects of electrolyzed reduced water on Alloxan-induced
apoptosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus
22
Suppressive effects of natural reduced waters on Alloxan-induced apoptosis
and type 1 diabetes mellitus
23
Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen in Animal Models of Parkinson's disease
24
Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug
cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice.
25
Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein
3E knockout mice
26
Open-label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover
trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and inflammatory
myopathies
27
Molecular hydrogen protects chondrocytes from oxidative stress and
indirectly alters gene expressions through reducing peroxynitrite derived from
nitric oxide
28
Drinking hydrogen water and intermittent hydrogen gas exposure, but not
lactulose or continuous hydrogen gas exposure, prevent 6-hydorxydopamineinduced Parkinson’s disease in rats
29
Consumption of water containing a high concentration of molecular hydrogen
reduces oxidative stress and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis: an open-label pilot study
30
Hydrogen-rich water inhibits glucose and α,β -dicarbonyl compound-induced
reactive oxygen species production in the SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat kidney
31
Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused
by acute exercise in elite athletes
32
Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in the 1methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson's
Disease
33
Neutral pH Hydrogen-Enriched Electrolyzed Water Achieves TumorPreferential Clonal Growth Inhibition over Normal Cells and Tumor Invasion
Inhibition Concurrently With Intracellular Oxidant Repression
34
Inhibitory Effect of Electrolyzed Reduced Water on Tumor Angiogenesis
35
Molecular hydrogen inhibits lipopolysaccharide/interferon γ-induced nitric
oxide production through modulation of signal transduction in macrophages
20
36
Open-label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover
trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and inflammatory
myopathies
37
Molecular hydrogen suppresses FcepsilonRI-mediated signal transduction and
prevents degranulation of mast cells.
38
Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose
metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
39
Biological effects of electrolyzed water in haemodialysis
40
A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H2)
produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial.
41
Molecular Hydrogen Improves Obesity and Diabetes by Inducing Hepatic
FGF21 and Stimulating Energy Metabolism in db/db Mice