1 Supplementary Materials 2 Supplementary Table 1. Strains, plasmids and oligonucleotides used in this study. 3 Relevant characteristic(s) a or sequences Strain, plasmid,or oligonucleotide Source or reference E. coli strains WT BW25113 (lacIqrrnBT14ΔlacZWJ16hsdR514Δara Lab collection WT1 BADAH33ΔrhaBADLD78) WT carrying plasmid pUC18 This study WT2 WT carrying plasmid pUC18-AaPal This study WT Δpal pal deletion mutant of WT This study WT1 Δpal pal deletion mutant of WT carrying plasmid pUC18 This study WT2 Δpal pal deletion mutant of WT carrying plasmid pUC18AaPal This study pUC18 Clone vector for use in E.coli ; Ampr Lab collection pUC18-AaPal pUC18 carrying structural Aapal gene; Ampr This study pPZP111 binary expression vector for use in E.coli and r A.thaliana; Kanr Cm pPZP111 carrying structural Aapal gene; Kanr Cmr Lab collection Plasmids pPZP111-AaPal Ampr pKD46 λRed recombination system vector; pKD4 λRed recombination system vector; Kanr pCP20 This study Datsenko and Wanner (2000) Datsenko and Wanner (2000) r λRed recombination system vector; Amp Cm r Datsenko and Wanner (2000) Oligonucleotides (primers) b 4 AaPal_For 5'-GCGGAGCTCTATGAACGTACATCACGCG-3' Amplification of AaPal, Sac I site AaPal_Rev 5'-GCGGGATCCTTAATACACCAATACAGCG-3' Amplification of AaPal, Bam HI site atk1_ For 5'-AGCTTGGGTTTCGCCTTTCG-3' Real time PCR analysis of atk1 atk1_ Rev 5'-CGATGGCGAAGAATGCGTTC-3' Real time PCR analysis of atk1 sod_ For 5'-CCTTCTCAAGGGCCAAACCG-3' Real time PCR analysis of sod sod_ Rev 5'-GTGATAATCCAAGGTTTCCCGG-3' Real time PCR analysis of sod sos1_ For 5'-GTTGTCCCACGCAAGTTGGTC-3' Real time PCR analysis of sos1 sos1_ Rev 5'-CTGTCGTGCAATTGTATGTGCG-3' Real time PCR analysis of sos1 sos2_ For 5'-GGACTCAGTGCATTGCCTCAGG-3' Real time PCR analysis of sos2 sos2_ Rev 5'-CCCTGGAAGATCCGTCTCGG-3' Real time PCR analysis of sos2 sos3_ For 5'-AGAATGCAATGCGACCACCG-3' Real time PCR analysis of sos3 sos3_ Rev 5'-GCGAAGAGATTCCTCCGGTTC-3' Real time PCR analysis of sos3 hsc70_ For 5'-GCTCCAGGACTTCTTCAACGGC-3' Real time PCR analysis of hsc70 hsc70_ Rev 5'-GGTCATGACACCACCGGCAG-3' Real time PCR analysis of hsc70 AtActin11_ For 5’-CACATGCTATTCTGCGTTTGGAC-3' Real time PCR analysis of AtActin11 AtActin11_ Rev 5'-TCCCTTACGATTTCACGCTCTG-3' Real time PCR analysis of AtActin11 a Amp, ampicillin; Kan, kanamycin; Cm, chloramphenicol. 5 b Restriction endonuclease sites were underlined 6 7 Supplementary Fig. 1 Multiple alignment of amino acids sequences of AaPal with related proteins. 8 The two conserved regions in Pals are underlined and identical amino acid residues are shaded in 9 black. Their GenBank accession numbers are: AaPal of Alkalomonas amylolytica (KC763932); AagPal 10 (Alishewanella agri) (ZP_10350945.1); RnPal (Rheinheimera nanhaiensis) (ZP_09989187.1); PhPal 11 (Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis) (YP_340383.1); SsOmp (Shewanella sediminis) (YP_001473597.1); 12 IxPal (Idiomarina xiamenensis) (ZP_11141739.1); FbPal (Ferrimonas balearica) (YP_003913563.1); 13 TaPal (Tolumonas auensis) (YP_002893881.1); GpPal (Glaciecola psychrophila) (ZP_11321827.1); EcPal 14 (Escherichia coli) (ZP_12055177.1); CpPal (Colwellia psychrerythraea) (YP_268470.1); AcPal, 15 (Aeromonas caviae) (ZP_08518929.1). 16 17 18 Supplementary Fig. 2 Cell morphology of strain WT1, WT1 Δpal and WT2 Δpal was observed by light 19 microscope (upper row) and electron microscope (bottom row). E. coli cells grown in LB medium for 8 20 hours were used for the analysis. Bar, 5 μm in light micrography; Bar, 1 μm in electron micrography. 21 22