Test3 Spr 2015
Complete this test by Sunday, May 3, 11:59 PM.
NAME:
Select correct answers by typing in the correct letter next to the question number. This part of the test is also open notes and
text. Do not use internet sources.
At the end of this test, you will be asked to type your name stating that you worked independently on this test and did not
collaborate with anyone else for answers.
1._____
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Cambrian “explosion” refers to
the appearance of the oldest known fossil stromatolites
the sudden abundance of visible shelled organisms in the rock record
the great abundance of soft-bodied organisms in Cambrian rocks all around the world
the great meteorite impact that brought seeds of life to earth
2._____The Burgess Shale is significant because it contains
a.
fossils of soft-bodied animals not previously known
b.
the oldest human remains
c.
hard-shelled fossils representing every phylum and class of organisms
d.
the oldest plant impressions found in the fossil record
3._____Which is not true of an animal’s exoskeleton?
a.
it is strong and supportive so the animal does not need muscles for movement
b.
it protects marine animals from drying out if temporarily washed ashore
c.
it prevents harmful ultraviolet light from damaging soft body parts
d.
it protects the animal from some predators
4._____ The fossil record is considered to be “biased” because
a.
there are so many missing links in the record
b.
fish outnumber land animals
c.
shelled animals are more likely to be preserved
d.
soft-bodied animals are preserved with more detail
For the following terms from the marine ecosystem, use the letters as answers for numbers 5 – 10.
Select the letter that is described in each question.
A.
planktonic organisms
herbivore
E.
B.
nektonic organisms
benthic sessile
H.
C.
benthic mobile
phytoplankton
5._____ photosynthesizers
6._____ jellyfish
7._____ cephalopods
8._____ trilobites
9._____ plant eaters
10._____corals
11._____The greatest mass extinction in Earth’s history occurred at the end of the
a.
Cambrian
b.
Ordovician
c.
Permian
d.
Cretaceous
12._____Trilobites composed about half of Cambrian marine invertebrate animals.
a.
true
b.
false
D.
13._____ The evolution of complex multi-celled larger animals is attributed to the Proterozoic appearance of prokaryotic cells and
free oxygen.
a.
true
b.
false
14._____ A Devonian-age ammonite (cephalopod) is an excellent index fossil (guide fossil) for the Devonian period. This indicates
a.
the ammonite species had to appear in many consecutive geologic periods
b.
the ammonite species has to still be represented in the fossil record today
c.
the ammonite species had a wide geographic range but a short duration of survival
d.
the ammonite was the oldest fossil found from the Devonian period
15._____ Extinction of a single species is a serious disruption in the fossil record which indicates major changes have occurred
globally
a.
true
b.
false
16._____ Mass extinctions have eliminated large numbers of species from earth at a particular period in geologic history.
a.
true
b.
false
17._____ Favorable conditions at the end of the Proterozoic Eon that may have contributed to the diversification of life include all
but which of the following:
a.
global warming after Proterozoic ice age
b.
increased continental shelf environments
c.
formation of a supercontinent to provide more land
d.
evolution of eukaryotic cells
18._____ Conditions at the end of the Permian Period that most likely contributed to the extensive mass extinction include all but
which of the following?
a.
formation of Pangea
b.
climate extremes and dry conditions in the continental interior
c.
loss of continental shelf environments
d.
evolution of prokaryotic cells
19.
a.
b.
Vertebrates are animals with backbones.
true
false
Chapter 12 figure: Phanerozoic Marine Diversity (new edition 7th ed Fig. 12.20.)
19._____ According to the chart, the five most significant mass extinctions occurred at the ends of which
geologic periods?
A
Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, Pennsylvanian, Permian
B
Cretaceous, Triassic, Jurassic, Devonian, Ordovician
C
Ordovician, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous
D
Cambrian, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous
20._____ At the end of which geologic period did the extinction of the greatest number of marine families
occur?
A
Pennsylvania
B
Permian
C
Cretaceous
D
Triassic
21._____ How has the number of marine families changed since the end of the Cretaceous?
A
Decreased by more than 50 families
B
Increased by more than 200 families
C
Increased by more than 700 families
D
Did not change significantly
22._____ How many mass extinctions had occurred during the Paleozoic Era?
A
2
B
3
C
4
D
5
Refer to the Ch 7 diagram below. Mark the following statements as “T” or “F” ( true or false).
Simplified Evolultion of vertebrates:
Purple areas represent presence of the animal groups and the width illustrates the abundance.
True or False?
23._____In the Devonian, jawed fishes may have been responsible for the decline of jawless fishes.
24._____The evolution of reptiles during the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous allowed amphibians to greatly increase in numbers.
25._____ Bony fishes were not generally affected by the Permian extinction while cartilaginous fishes were reduced in
abundance.
26._____This diagram supports the hypothesis that birds descended from the reptiles.
27._____Which animal groups were negatively affected by the Permian extinction ?
a.
jawless and jawed fishes
b.
cartilaginous fishes and amphibians
c.
reptiles, birds and mammals
d.
all of the above
28._____ The Sixth Extinction is occurring at the present time as species are disappearing from earth at an alarming accelerated
rate.
a.
true
b.
false
29._____According to the article in Discover Magazine, humans and chimpanzees share about 55% of the same DNA.
a.
true
b.
false
30._____Humans are superior in intelligence and in planning and making tools for protection and survival. As a species, they are
pretty much guaranteed to outlast any of the species that exist today.
a.
true
b.
false
I worked independently on this test and did not consult with others for answers. Type name: