Study Guide (Chapter 49) Nervous System, Sense Organs and Psychoactive Drugs
Directions: Complete the following on a separate piece of paper. Use your notes, your text, and the diagrams in your text to help you
understand. Come see Ms. H if you need help on anything! These are just example questions that could be asked. Make sure to study
your notes (both sets and the drug effects on the neurons) in addition to any worksheet/concept map/vocabulary exercise.
Section 1:
1) Define the following: dendrite, axon terminal, action potential, neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft
2) Myelin sheaths surround:
a. dendrites b. the spinal cord c. axons d. synapses
3) The initiation of the action potential:
a. causes the membrane potential to become more negative b. requires sodium ions move into the
neuron
c. happens at the axon terminals
4) A typical neuron has more than one:
a. nucleus b. axon c. dendrite d. all of the above
5) Action potentials require:
a. sodium ions b. gated channels c. diffusion d. all of the above
6) In a neuron, neurotransmitters are stored in:
a. the cell body b. the cytoplasm of the nucleus c. vesicles within dendrites d. vesicles within axon terminals.
7) Describe how a neurotransmitter can affect the activity of a postsynaptic neuron.
8) Describe the relative concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside and outside a neuron at resting potential.
9) Explain why action potentials move through axons in only one direction (away from the cell body toward the axon terminal).
10)
Section 2:
1) Explain relationship between following words:
a. autonomic nervous system, sympathetic division b. somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system
c. thalamus, hypothalamus
d. peripheral nervous system, motor division
2) Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into:
a. four lobes b. right and left halves c. the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum d. all of the above
3) The sympathetic division:
a. is part of the CNS b. excites skeletal muscles c. excites smooth muscles d. none of above
4) Axons in the ventral root of a spinal nerve could be part of
a. a sensory neuron b. a cranial nerve c. the autonomic nervous system d. an interneuron
5) The somatic nervous system:
a.is a component of the autonomic nervous system. b. primarily affects skeletal muscles
c. primarily consists of sensory receptors d. primarily affects smooth muscles
6) Which of the following is not a component of the brain stem? a. midbrain b. thalamus c. medulla oblongata
d. pons
7) How does the body respond to stress or danger?
8) Which part of the peripheral nervous system is most important for homeostasis? Explain.
9) What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
10) Do the CNS and the PNS function independently of each other? Explain.
11) What kind of information is carried in the ventral roots of spinal nerves?
12)
Section 3:
1) Define the following: sensory receptor, rod, retina, cone
2)Which of the following statements is false?
a. Rods and cones are specialized neurons.
b. rods and cones lie deep within each retina.
c. axons of rods and cones make up the optic nerve. D. rods and cones are photoreceptors
3) The perception of taste
a. depends on sensory receptors in the nasal passages. b. is based on certain food chemicals
c. does not involve the thalamus d. is a function of the digestive system
4) Bones of the middle ear”: a. vibrate the tympanic membrane b. transfer vibrations to the inner ear.
c. contain hair cells
5) The olfactory epithelium: a. contains chemoreceptors
b. is responsible for taste sensations
c. contains papillae
6) Which of the following is associated with the semicircular canals?
a. balance
b. taste c. hearing d. vision
7) How does the cochlea detect different sound frequencies?
8) What is the first event that is required for perception of sound?
9) Describe the path that visual information takes from the eye to the brain.
10) Discuss the role of the thalamus in hearing, vision, taste, smell.
11) Write the types of sensory receptors (thermoreceptors, pain receptors, etc.) that are found in each sensory system:
a)Vision b)balance c)hearing d)smell e)touch f)temperature g)taste
Section 4:
1) What are the relationships between the following words?
a. psychoactive drug and stimulant
b. tolerance and addiction
c. nicotine and emphysema
2) Emphysema is: a. an inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles b. an infectious lung disease similar to pneumonia
c. a degenerative lung disease in which alveoli lose their elasticity. D. caused by using smokeless tobacco
3) Blood alcohol concentration, BAC, can be fatal at: a. 0.50 b. 0.30
c. 0.10
d. 0.08
4) Reuptake receptors a. transfer neurotransmitters from one neuron to the next. b. reabsorb neurotransmitters for later use.
c. are more efficient in the presence of drugs like cocaine. D. none of the above
5) Codeine, heroin, and opium are examples of: a. depressants
b. stimulants
c. narcotics
d. hallucinogens
6) Describe how tolerance to a drug develops.
7) List the symptoms of drug withdrawal.
8) Summarize how cocaine functions at the synaptic level.