PreAP Biology
Unit 6
TGT Questions
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What does the term homozygous mean?
Genes located on the same chromosome are known as a
?
What is the genotype for a human female?
What type of genotype is found in the P1 generation? F1?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio in a cross between two heterozygous dihybrids?
What kind of organisms are subject to Gregor Mendel’s Principles of Inheritance?
When Mendel did his experiments, what organism did he use?
In Mendelian genetics, all members of the F1 generation are
.
What kind of mutation is Down’s syndrome, autosomal or sex-linked?
What is a monohybrid cross?
What kind of inheritance is represented by the inheritance of blood types?
What happens during crossing-over?
How is probability used in genetics?
What is the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance?
Give an example of trait that is inherited through polygenics.
Why are sex-linked genes inherited more commonly in males than females?
If a boy inherits hemophilia, which parent did he inherit it from?
What is a phenotype?
What is a genotype?
A testcross is a cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a
parent.
What causes Down’s syndrome?
What causes Kleinfelter syndrome?
What causes Turner syndrome?
What causes an inversion?
Carriers for genetic traits have what genotype?
List Mendel’s three laws.
In constructing a pedigree, how do you indicate an individual has a trait?
What is a dihybrid cross?
What is the purpose of a karyotype?
What is the law of independent assortment?
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
What are the autosomal dominant disorders discussed in the notes?
What are the autosomal recessive disorders discussed in the notes?
In pedigrees, list two ways to determine if a trait is sex-linked.
In pedigrees, list two ways to determine if a trait is dom/rec.
Meiosis is the process that creates 4 haploid gametes; how is the number of chromosomes restored to diploid?
What does it mean if two genes are linked? Will they ever separate?
In Chi-square problems….what does the probability have to be UNDER in order to reject it?
If cross a red flower and a white flower and SOME of your offspring are pink….what kind of inheritance is this?
A woman with A type blood and a man with B type blood and have a baby with AB type blood….what kind of
inheritance is this?
PreAP Biology
Unit 6
TGT Answers
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Both alleles are either dominant or recessive
Linkage group
XX
P1 ->homozygous, F1  heterozygous
9:3:3:1
All kinds of organisms
Pea plants
Heterozygous
Autosomal
Crosses involving only one genetic trait.
Multiple allele inheritance (also Codominance)
Homologous chromosomes exchange DNA
To predict the traits of offspring in genetic crosses
Heterozygotes in codominance show both phenotypes while heterozygotes in incomplete dominance show
a blending of the two phenotypes
Skin color or height
Men only inherit one X chromosome
His mother (because it’s an x-linked trait)
The physical appearance or expression of a trait
How you “spell” the gene—AA, Aa or aa
Homozygous recessive
Three copies of the 21st chromosome
XXY genotype
XO genotype
Chromosomes are turned around 180o on their chromosome.
Heterozygous
Law of Dominance/Recessivity, Law of Independent Assortment, Law of Segregation
Shade in their box/circle.
Crosses involving 2 genetic traits.
Diagnose abnormal chromosomes
Each pair of alleles separate independently of each other during meiosis
Behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization account for inheritance patterns in offspring
Huntington’s and Neurofibromatosis
Tay-Sachs, Cyctic Fibrosis & PKU
If a father has it, ALL of the girls will be carriers (or if it’s dominant they will all be affected); If a mother
is affected, ALL sons will be affected (if recessive, sons & daughters affected if dominant)); More males
affected than females; males will NEVER be carriers
Presence of carriers, if the trait is present in every generation
Fertilization
Found on the same chromosome, they can separate through crossing over
.05 (5%)
Incomplete
Codominant