Conservation Management Zones of Australia
South Eastern Australia Temperate Woodlands
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation
Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were
provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of
Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic
community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks
Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert
Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson
(ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the
World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled
identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use
under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the
Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by
third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ................................................................ 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
Zone at a glance .......................................................................................................................... 5
Population characteristics .......................................................................................................... 10
Employment, volunteering and incomes .................................................................................... 15
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice .................. 18
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ............................................. 21
Zone vegetation characteristics ................................................................................................. 24
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands............................................................................... 25
World and National Heritage ...................................................................................................... 27
Major National Reserve System properties................................................................................ 27
EPBC Act (1999)threatened ecological communities ................................................................ 29
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ........................................................................................ 30
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species .......................................................................................... 33
Threatened endemic species ..................................................................................................... 34
Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 36
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations ........................................................... 39
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past
and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep
spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including
Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.
Introduction
The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological
and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will
assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report
on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with
local action.
The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and
socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge
and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about
regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or
governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental
assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socioeconomic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to
engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural
resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic
landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain
only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In
future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.
Zone at a glance
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS
POPULATION
Cobar
3,827
Cobram
5,417
Corowa – Wahgunyah
6,327
Deniliquin
7,494
Echuca – Moama
16,820
Forbes
6,795
Griffith
17,630
Kerang
3,564
Kyabram
5,652
Leeton
6,711
Mulwawa
8,692
Namurkah
3,840
MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS
POPULATION
Narrandera
3,864
Parkes
10,021
Seymour
3,625
Shepparton – Mooroopna
42,754
Swan Hill
9,362
Tatura
3,678
Temora
3,874
Wangaratta
17,388
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONS
Central West Local Land Services (LLS)
NSW
Murray LLS
NSW
Riverina LLS
NSW
Western LLS
NSW
Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority (CMA)
VIC
North Central CMA
VIC
North East CMA
VIC
TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
VALUE (MILLIONS)
Cereals for grain
$2,189
Fruit
$749
Dairy
$747
Beef
$420
Wool
$389
Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)
$6,168
CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*
Mean annual temperature
16.3 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month
31.9 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month
2.9 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall
414.3 mm
Dominant rainfall season
Uniform (though Southern regions Winter
dominant)
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of
rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012)
Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of
Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces
version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Native Title area
Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it
continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous
persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National
Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
Population characteristics
Population
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME
English
89.31%
Other languages
5.77%
Not stated
4.85%
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Education
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Employment
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Volunteering
Income
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and
sources of NRM advice
Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility
for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to
assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key
environmental custodians.
Agricultural commodity values
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey
(LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses
across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area
2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only.
For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228
broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame.
The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this
reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents
who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domesticforestry/prep-for-future/drivers-
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government
Areas
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping
Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program
(ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to:
http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/
INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS
New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council: www.alc.org.au
Native Title Services Victoria: http://ntsv.com.au
Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone,
it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to
Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Berrigan Shire Council
NSW
Bland Shire Council
NSW
Bogan Shire Council
NSW
Bourke Shire Council
NSW
Brewarrina Shire Council
NSW
Cabonne Shire Council
NSW
Carrathool Shire Council
NSW
Central Darling Shire Council
NSW
Cobar Shire Council
NSW
Conargo Shire Council
NSW
Coolamon Shire Council
NSW
Cootamundra Shire Council
NSW
Corowa Shire Council
NSW
Cowra Shire Council
NSW
Deniliquin Council
NSW
Forbes Shire Council
NSW
Greater Hume Shire Council
NSW
Griffith City Council
NSW
Hay Shire Council
NSW
Jerilderie Shire Council
NSW
Junee Shire Council
NSW
Lachlan Shire Council
NSW
Leeton Shire Council
NSW
Lockhart Shire Council
NSW
Murray Shire Council
NSW
Murrumbidgee Shire Council
NSW
Narrandera Shire Council
NSW
Narromine Shire Council
NSW
Parkes Shire Council
NSW
Temora Shire Council
NSW
The Council Of The Shire Of Wakool
NSW
Urana Shire Council
NSW
Wagga Wagga City Council
NSW
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Weddin Shire Council
NSW
Wentworth Shire Council
NSW
Young Shire Council
NSW
Alpine Shire
VIC
Benalla Rural City
VIC
Buloke Shire
VIC
Campaspe Shire
VIC
Central Goldfields Shire
VIC
Gannawarra Shire
VIC
Greater Bendigo City
VIC
Greater Shepparton City
VIC
Indigo Shire
VIC
Loddon Shire
VIC
Mildura Rural City
VIC
Mitchell Shire
VIC
Moira Shire
VIC
Mount Alexander Shire
VIC
Strathbogie Shire
VIC
Swan Hill Rural City
VIC
Towong Shire
VIC
Wangaratta Rural City
VIC
Wodonga City
VIC
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification
system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and
distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation
distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation
mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types
across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums
(e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type
occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present
are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is
of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on
vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater
discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia.
For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia.
In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass
understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone
(58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical
Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately
19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only
provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-informationsystem
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
RAMSAR WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
NSW Central Murray State Forests – Koondrook Forest Group
NSW
84,001
Barmah Forest
VIC
29,305
Gunbower Forest
VIC
20,218
Kerang Wetlands – Fosters Swamp
VIC
9,777
Hattah-Kulkyne Lakes – Lake Kramen
VIC
977
Fivebough and Tuckerbil Swamps – Fivebough Swamp
NSW
620
For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-ourenvironment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Avoca Floodway (Tutchewop Plains)
VIC
477.99
1, 2, 3
Barmah-Millewa Forest
VIC
27,068.50
1, 2, 3, 5
Belsar Island
VIC
2,520.85
2
Beveridge Island
VIC
513.74
2, 3
Black Swamp
VIC
174.41
1, 3
Black Swamp and Coopers Swamp
NSW
329.51
1, 3, 5
Booligal Wetlands
NSW
67.27
1, 2, 3
Broken Creek
VIC
2,466.68
1, 2, 3
Bunguluke Wetlands, Tyrrell Creek & Lalbert Creek
Floodplain
VIC
3,520.24
1, 2
Cemetery Swamp
VIC
110.85
1, 2
Cuba Dam
NSW
71.62
1, 3, 4
Doodle Corner Swamp
NSW
1,657.46
1
First Marsh (The Marsh)
VIC
777.93
2, 3
Fivebough Swamp
NSW
201.16
4
Fosters Swamp
VIC
319.06
2, 3
Great Cumbungi Swamp
NSW
13,775.35
1, 2, 3, 4
Gunbower Island
VIC
10,482.05
1, 2, 3
Hattah Lakes
VIC
1,599.98
1, 2, 3, 6
Heywoods Lake
VIC
172.48
6
Hird’s Swamp
VIC
345.22
1, 2, 3
Johnson’s Swamp
VIC
411.02
1, 2, 3
Kanyapella Basin
VIC
2,424.26
1, 2, 3
Kings Billabong Wetlands
VIC
525.97
1, 6
Koondrook and Perricoota Forests
NSW
70,742.19
1, 2
Kow Swamp
VIC
2,719.61
1, 2, 3, 6
Lachlan Swamp (Part of mid Lachlan Wetlands)
NSW
30,095.84
1, 2, 3
Lake Bael Bael
VIC
640.39
1, 2, 3
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Lake Brewster
NSW
6,314.25
1, 3, 5
Lake Charm
VIC
526.01
2, 3
Lake Cowal/Wilbertroy Wetlands
NSW
23,502.43
1, 2, 3
Lake Cullen
VIC
629.07
1, 2, 3, 4, 6
Lake Hume
VIC
9,378.57
1, 2, 6
Lake Kelly & Stevensons Swamp
VIC
318.96
1, 3, 4
Lake Merrimajeel/Murrumbidgil Swamp
NSW
223.76
1, 3, 6
Lake William
VIC
95.70
3, 4
Little Lake Charm, Kangaroo Lake & Racecourse Lake
VIC
1,329.94
2, 3
Lowbidgee Floodplain
NSW
1,096.11
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Lower Broken River
VIC
362.51
3, 6
Lower Goulburn River Floodplain
VIC
3,626.75
1, 2
Lower Mirrool Creek Floodplain
NSW
143.66
1, 2, 3, 5
Major Mitchell Lagoon
VIC
8.87
6
Merrowie Creek (Cuba Dam to Chillichil Swamp)
NSW
5,170.74
1, 2, 3
Mid Murrumbidgee Wetlands
NSW
14.78
1, 2, 3, 5
Millewa Forest
NSW
47,148.01
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Muckatah Depression
VIC
1,294.85
1, 2
Ovens River
VIC
3,910.81
3, 4, 6
Ryan’s Lagoon
VIC
60.28
1, 6
Second Marsh (Middle Marsh)
VIC
240.04
2, 3
Tang Tang Swamp
VIC
102.67
1, 2, 3, 6
Third Marsh (Top Marsh)
VIC
1,237.12
1, 2, 3
Third, Middle and Reedy Lakes
VIC
626.44
1, 2, 3
Town Swamp
VIC
88.51
1, 2
Tragowel Swamp (McPhails Swamp)
VIC
249.44
3
Tuckerbil Swamp
NSW
12.86
4, 5, 6
Wakool-Tullakool Evaporation Basins
NSW
64.74
1, 3
Walla Walla Swamp (Gum Swamp)
NSW
340.88
1, 3
Wallenjoe Wetlands
VIC
1,700.07
1, 2, 3
Werai Forest
NSW
36,707.03
1, 2, 5
Woolshed Swamp
VIC
351.64
1, 3
Yarran Swamp
NSW
0.10
1, 2
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:
1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.
2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major
wetland system/complex.
3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or
provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.
4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.
5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or
vulnerable at the national level.
6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.
Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more
information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directoryimportant-wetlands-australia-third-edition
World and National Heritage
HERITAGE VALUES
WORLD OR NATIONAL
HERITAGE
TYPE
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
% OF
ZONE
Bonegilla Migrant Camp –
Block 19
National
Historic
VIC
14.46
0.00008
Echuca Wharf
National
Historic
VIC
0.32
0.000002
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these
heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australianheritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES
Name
Property type
IUCN
category
Jurisdiction
Hectares
% of zone
Murrumbidgee Valley
National Park
II
NSW
45,677
0.24
Gundabooka
National Park
II
NSW
42,143
0.22
Murray Valley
National Park
II
NSW
39,578
0.21
Murrumbidgee Valley
State Conservation Area
II
NSW
34,347
0.18
Lachlan Valley
State Conservation Area
II
NSW
33,796
0.18
Barmah
National Park
II
VIC
28,427
0.15
Hattah – Kulkyne
National Park
II
VIC
25,235
0.13
Oolambeyan
National Park
II
NSW
22,200
0.12
Thelangerin
NRS Addition – Gazettal in
Progress
II
NSW
20,164
0.11
Willandra
National Park
II
NSW
18,855
0.10
River Murray Reserve
Natural Features Reserve
VI
VIC
11,213
0.06
Lachlan Valley
National Park
II
NSW
10,954
0.06
Murray Valley
Regional Park
V
NSW
10,469
0.06
South West Woodland
Nature Reserve
IA
NSW
10,146
0.05
Kemendok
National Park
II
NSW
9,374
0.05
Lower Goulburn
National Park
II
VIC
9,295
0.05
Gunbower
National Park
II
VIC
9,232
0.05
Weddin Mountains
National Park
II
NSW
8,718
0.05
Cocoparra
National Park
II
NSW
8,384
0.04
MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES
Nombinnie
State Conservation Area
II
NSW
7,604
0.04
Goulburn River H.R.
Heritage River
VI
VIC
6,968
0.04
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve
Ib Wilderness Area
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IUCN protected area management categories classify
protected areas according to their management
objectives. The categories are recognised by international
bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by
many national governments, including the Australian
Government, as the global standard for defining and
recording protected areas.
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation:
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
EPBC Act (1999)threatened ecological communities
THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Name
Listing status
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Natural Grasslands of the Murray Valley Plains
Critically
Endangered
62.9
23.86
Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands
and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern
Australia
Endangered
46.9
89.09
Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) of the
Temperate Lowland Plains
Critically
Endangered
44.9
0.10
Buloke Woodlands of the Riverina and Murray-Darling
Depression Bioregions
Endangered
32.0
49.98
White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy
Woodland and Derived Native Grassland
Critically
Endangered
28.4
36.23
Weeping Myall Woodlands
Endangered
23.4
84.89
The community of native species dependent on
natural discharge of groundwater from the Great
Artesian Basin
Endangered
0.1
0.01
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of
the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community
is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that
the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone.
Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone
in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may
be to find within the zone.
The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For
more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
THREATENED MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
South-eastern Long-eared Bat
Nyctophilus corbeni
Vulnerable
15.13
90.52
Koala (combined populations of Queensland,
New South Wales and the Australian Capital
Territory)
Phascolarctos cinereus
Vulnerable
10.8
81.30
Grey-headed Flying-fox
Pteropus poliocephalus
Vulnerable
0.1
0.18
Spot-tailed Quoll,
Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll
(southeastern mainland population)
Dasyurus maculatus maculatus
Endangered
0.11
0.16
Konoom, Smoky Mouse
Pseudomys fumeus
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
New Holland Mouse, Pookila
Pseudomys novaehollandiae
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Superb Parrot
Polytelis swainsonii
Vulnerable
51.8
70.60
Plains-wanderer
Pedionomus torquatus
Vulnerable
28.1
33.32
Australasian Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
Endangered
17.9
62.53
Regent Honeyeater
Anthochaera phrygia
Endangered
10.7
27.01
Swift Parrot
Lathamus discolor
Endangered
10.5
40.20
Malleefowl
Leipoa ocellata
Vulnerable
7
72.96
Australian Painted Snipe
Rostratula australis
Endangered
4
99.97
Regent Parrot (eastern)
Polytelis anthopeplus
monarchoides
Vulnerable
3.5
1.51
Squatter Pigeon (southern)
Geophaps scripta scripta
Vulnerable
1.06
4.03
Mallee Emu-wren
Stipiturus mallee
Endangered
0.79
0.21
Red-lored Whistler
Pachycephala rufogularis
Vulnerable
0.64
0.10
Black-eared Miner
Manorina melanotis
Endangered
0.59
0.09
Thick-billed Grasswren
Amytornis modestus
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
THREATENED BIRDS
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
THREATENED REPTILES
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Pink-tailed Worm-lizard,
Pink-tailed Legless Lizard
Aprasia parapulchella
Vulnerable
22.3
17.56
THREATENED REPTILES
Striped Legless Lizard
Delma impar
Vulnerable
14.7
9.68
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Trout Cod
Maccullochella macquariensis
Endangered
56.25
0.14
Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green
and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog
Litoria raniformis
Vulnerable
22.79
26.39
Murray Hardyhead
Craterocephalus fluviatilis
Endangered
21.73
1.36
Golden Sun Moth
Synemon plana
Critically
Endangered
3.34
0.02
Spotted Tree Frog
Litoria spenceri
Endangered
0.02
0.001
Murray Cod
Maccullochella peelii
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Macquarie Perch
Macquaria australasica
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Alpine Stonefly
Thaumatoperla alpina
Endangered
May be
present
May be
present
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Sand-hill Spider-orchid
Caladenia arenaria
Endangered
98.50
0.19
None
Austrostipa wakoolica
Endangered
95.00
15.78
Mueller Daisy
Brachyscome muelleroides
Vulnerable
93.50
5.63
Red Darling-pea, Red Swainson-pea
Swainsona plagiotropis
Vulnerable
91.52
2.77
Stiff Groundsel
Senecio behrianus
Endangered
90.90
0.09
a spike rush
Eleocharis obicis
Vulnerable
85.70
0.71
Mossgiel Daisy
Brachyscome papillosa
Vulnerable
80.10
19.18
Ridged Water-milfoil
Myriophyllum porcatum
Vulnerable
68.30
1.31
Curly-bark Wattle
Acacia curranii
Vulnerable
67.66
6.59
None
Austrostipa metatoris
Vulnerable
63.80
18.25
Chariot Wheels
Maireana cheelii
Vulnerable
59.51
8.23
Winged Pepper-cress
Lepidium monoplocoides
Endangered
58.50
30.85
River Swamp Wallaby-grass, Floating Swamp
Wallaby-grass
Amphibromus fluitans
Vulnerable
54.00
12.26
Slender Darling-pea, Slender Swainson, Murray
Swainson-pea
Swainsona murrayana
Vulnerable
51.57
66.25
Turnip Copperbur
Sclerolaena napiformis
Endangered
51.20
1.09
Euroa Guinea-flower
Hibbertia humifusa
subsp. erigens
Vulnerable
34.70
0.26
Western Water-starwort
Callitriche cyclocarpa
Vulnerable
24.50
0.95
Menindee Nightshade
Solanum karsense
Vulnerable
21.80
3.75
OTHER THREATENED FAUNA
THREATENED FLORA
THREATENED FLORA
Yellow-lip Spider-orchid
Caladenia xanthochila
Endangered
21.40
0.02
Plains Rice-flower, Spiny Rice-flower, Prickly
Pimelea
Pimelea spinescens subsp.
Spinescens
Critically
Endangered
19.99
4.41
Erect Pepper-cress
Lepidium pseudopapillosum
Vulnerable
18.40
0.03
Lima Stringybark
Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp.
limaensis
Endangered
17.50
0.06
None
Tylophora linearis
Endangered
14.80
12.45
Cobar Greenhood Orchid
Pterostylis cobarensis
Vulnerable
14.10
2.75
Spiny Pepper-cress
Lepidium aschersonii
Vulnerable
10.40
0.06
Lowly Greenhood
Pterostylis despectans
Endangered
9.90
0.02
Woolly Ragwort
Senecio garlandii
Vulnerable
9.59
0.02
None
Bertya opponens
Vulnerable
7.90
0.09
Don’s Spider Orchid
Caladenia cremna
Critically
Endangered
3.18
0.01
Crimson Spider-orchid, Maroon Spider-orchid
Caladenia concolor
Vulnerable
3.06
0.04
Greencomb Spider-orchid, Rigid Spider-orchid
Caladenia tensa
Endangered
2.90
3.61
Warby Range Swamp Gum
Eucalyptus cadens
Vulnerable
2.20
0.01
Hoary Sunray, Grassland Paper-daisy
Leucochrysum albicans
var. tricolor
Endangered
2.11
0.44
Concave Pomaderris
Pomaderris subplicata
Vulnerable
1.90
0.00
Candy Spider-orchid
Caladenia versicolor
Vulnerable
1.70
0.26
McIvor Spider-orchid, Audas Spider-orchid
Caladenia audasii
Endangered
1.50
0.02
Yellow Swainson-pea
Swainsona pyrophila
Vulnerable
1.43
0.71
Small Purple-pea, Mountain Swainson-pea
Swainsona recta
Endangered
1.30
0.01
Yass Daisy
Ammobium craspedioides
Vulnerable
0.67
0.02
Clover Glycine, Purple Clover
Glycine latrobeana
Vulnerable
0.60
0.38
Fragrant Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum suaveolens
Endangered
0.50
0.01
Basalt Pepper-cress, Peppercress,
Rubble Pepper-cress, Pepperweed
Lepidium hyssopifolium
Endangered
0.45
0.03
Brilliant Sun-orchid
Thelymitra mackibbinii
Vulnerable
0.37
0.0002
Lobed Blue-grass
Bothriochloa biloba
Vulnerable
0.37
0.02
Matted Flax-lily
Dianella amoena
Endangered
0.20
0.03
Spiral Sun-orchid
Thelymitra matthewsii
Vulnerable
0.20
0.05
Desert Greenhood
Pterostylis xerophila
Vulnerable
0.11
0.01
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a
significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer
to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats
Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Fork-tailed Swift
Apus pacificus
Great Egret,
White Egret
Ardea alba
Cattle Egret
Ardea ibis
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
Red Knot, Knot
Calidris canutus
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Red-necked Stint
Calidris ruficollis
Great Knot
Calidris tenuirostris
Double-banded Plover
Charadrius bicinctus
Latham’s Snipe,
Japanese Snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
White-bellied
Sea-Eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
White-throated
Needletail
Hirundapus caudacutus
Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica
Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa limosa
Black-eared Miner
Manorina melanotis
Rainbow Bee-eater
Merops ornatus
Black-faced Monarch
Monarcha melanopsis
Satin Flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel
Numenius minutus
Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva
Rufous Fantail
Rhipidura rufifrons
Painted Snipe
Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank
Tringa stagnatilis
Threatened endemic species
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Taxonomic
group
Scientific name
Reservation status
EPBC Act status
IUCN status
Frogs
Crinia sloanei
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Data Deficient
Molluscs
Cupedora marcidum
Unreserved
n/a
Near Threatened
Plants
Brachyscome papillosa
Unreserved
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Austrostipa metatoris
Unreserved
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Austrostipa wakoolica
Unreserved
Endangered
n/a
Concentrations of unreserved endemic species
The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their
known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be
useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.
Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural
Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records
held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more
information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australiannatural-heritage-assessment-tool
Invasive species
INVASIVE MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Red Fox, Fox
Vulpes vulpes
3.10
100
Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat
Felis catus
2.50
100
Rabbit, European Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
3.40
98.4
House Mouse
Mus musculus
4.60
86.7
Brown Hare
Lepus capensis
12.20
64.5
Pig
Sus scrofa
3.40
63.8
Goat
Capra hircus
3.40
38.5
Domestic Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
2.90
38.2
Domestic Cattle
Bos taurus
3.60
32.8
Black Rat, Ship Rat
Rattus rattus
5.20
30.7
Brown Rat, Norway Rat
Rattus norvegicus
5.10
5.2
Feral deer species in Australia
n/a
2.30
4.6
Horse
Equus caballus
0.10
0.5
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
8.7
100
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
6.1
96.3
Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon
Columba livia
6.3
85.6
Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird
Turdus merula
14.7
71.7
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
14.5
69.3
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Passer montanus
29.7
43.8
Skylark
Alauda arvensis
12.3
42.3
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
9.3
35.0
Common Myna, Indian Myna
Acridotheres tristis
8.6
23.7
Spotted Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
5.3
23.4
European Greenfinch
Carduelis chloris
3.8
4.0
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus
3.2
1.4
Song Thrush
Turdus philomelos
0.5
0.1
OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
INVASIVE FLORA
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper,
Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus
Asparagus asparagoides
14.45
63.12
INVASIVE FLORA
Blackberry, European Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
11.74
52.04
African Boxthorn, Boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
16.87
47.22
Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and
Sterile Pussy Willow
Salix spp. except
S.babylonica, S.x calodendron
& S.x reichardtii
8.75
30.68
Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead
Sagittaria platyphylla
44.7
20.08
Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White
Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato
Weed, White Nightshade,
Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos,
Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle,
Trompillo
Solanum elaeagnifolium
18.32
14.56
Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk,
Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering
Cypress, Salt Cedar
Tamarix aphylla
3.84
14.42
Chilean Needle grass
Nassella neesiana
10.3
14.37
Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock,
Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ)
Nassella trichotoma
8.57
13.20
Prickly Pears
Opuntia spp.
6.13
12.37
Mesquite, Algaroba
Prosopis spp.
3.75
11.82
Gorse, Furze
Ulex europaeus
4.83
10.24
Bitou Bush, Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
3.32
9.97
Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
subsp. monilifera
3.01
5.10
Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common
Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom
Cytisus scoparius
3.76
4.77
Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom,
Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom
Genista monspessulana
5.82
4.62
Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish
Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina
Fanwort, Common Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana
5.22
2.65
Alligator Weed
Alternanthera philoxeroides
4.78
1.95
Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail,
Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine,
Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine
Anredera cordifolia
2.22
1.10
Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily
Eichhornia crassipes
2.08
1.04
Prickly Pears
Cylindropuntia spp.
2.86
0.96
Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding
Pine
Pinus radiata
0.38
0.92
Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar
Groundsel
Senecio madagascariensis
0.97
0.75
Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax
Broom
Genista linifolia
3.13
0.68
Ward’s Weed
Carrichtera annua
0.1
0.61
Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass
Cenchrus ciliaris
0.03
0.58
Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss,
Kariba Weed
Salvinia molesta
0.25
0.41
Olive, Common Olive
Olea europaea
0.38
0.29
Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern
Asparagus scandens
1.86
0.19
INVASIVE FLORA
Prickly Pears
Austrocylindropuntia spp.
2.18
0.14
Climbing Asparagus-fern
Asparagus plumosus
0.2
0.03
Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus
Protasparagus plumosus
0.2
0.03
Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat’s Claw
Creeper, Funnel Creeper
Dolichandra unguis-cati
0.1
0.03
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the
species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**)
indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations
Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from
the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and
NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.
The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological
Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of
management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring
and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.
Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile
10.3% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus microcarpa; Eucalyptus melliodora; Eucalyptus largiflorens; Eucalyptus
populnea subsp. Bimbil; Melaleuca parvistaminea; Eleocharis acuta; Austrostipa gibbosa; Carex appressa; Acacia
paradoxa; Acacia montana; Pittosporum angustifolium; Poa labillardierei; Elymus scaber; Austrodanthonia
caespitosa; Dianella revoluta; Themeda triandra; sedge; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation
and encourage
uptake of
conservation
agreements and
covenants
on private land.
Fence paddock
trees to enable
regeneration.
Maintain a 30-50
metre buffer of
native vegetation
around remnants
to help protect
against incursion
by feral predators,
spray drift and
weed incursion.
Prevent firewood
collection and
bush rock
removal. Retain
standing dead
trees and fallen
timber.
Protect from road
widening and
maintenance
activities.
Do not permit
commercial
apiarists to place
bee hives within
3km
of the remnant.
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Do not revegetate
high quality
condition and /or
small derived
Avoid herbicide
grassland sites.
and pesticide
These sites should
application in, or
be capable of
near, remnants.
natural
Do not divert runregeneration and
off into remnant
planting disturbs
areas.
compositional
Avoid soil
balance and
compaction from
natural succession
vehicles/machinery patterns.
or stock camps.
Plant native,
Limit or exclude
indigenous
grazing during
species only if the
drought periods,
site shows no
and in
signs of natural
Spring/Summer
regeneration (after
when native
a rest period of
groundcover is in
two year).
flower or seed.
Replicate the
composition and
Graze period 3density of species
days on; 28-day
rest in Summer. 7- evident in local,
good quality
days on; 56-day
grassy woodland
rest periods
throughout autumn sites.
and winter.
Use seed of local
Maintain 80%
groundcover and a
sward height of
10cm at all times.
Avoid cultivation,
ripping and
excavation.
provenance if
possible.
Thin tree recruits
once wellestablished,
leaving the
healthiest
specimens. Please
seek advice from
your local NRM
organisation as to
whether this is an
appropriate action
for your site.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
All fire
management
should be in
accordance with
local and State
regulations.
Maintain and
protect paddock
trees as these
provide critical
landscape
linkages for fauna.
Apply mosaic
burning in small
areas at
staggered
intervals.
If few hollowbearing trees are
present within
remnants, provide
nesting boxes.
Monitor these
regularly for
invasive species.
Mow/slash
sporadically and
in a mosaic
pattern in late
summer or
autumn after
native ground
layer plants have
seeded.
Control feral
grazers (deer,
rabbits, goats)
and erect fences
where appropriate
(e.g. of stock
dams, individual
guards for
targeted plants).
Manage
underlying causes
of dieback, such
as proliferation of
leaf-eating insects
in adjacent
paddocks and
weed infested
sites.
Hand pulling, spot
spraying and
weed wiping are
appropriate weed
control measures.
Control feral
predators
including foxes,
dogs, cats and
pigs.
Prevent weed
introduction
through adopting
good hygiene
measures and
minimising soil
disturbance.
Do not push fallen
timber into stacks
or windrows as
these form
harbours for
foxes, rabbits and
cats.
Retain unburnt
areas.
Ensure that
appropriate weed
control measures
follow any burning
activity.
A minimum fire
interval of five
years, maximum
of 40 years is
recommended.
However, please
seek advice from
your local NRM
organisation for
advice on burning
regimes.
If fallen timber has
been removed
from sites, replace
coarse woody
debris (e.g.
recycled
untreated
timbers).
Monitor and
manage densities
of Eastern Grey
Kangaroos. If the
sward height
reduces below
10cm because of
kangaroo grazing,
seek advice from
your local NRM
organisation on
appropriate
control measures.
Don’t stockpile
topsoil within
remnant areas.
Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile
95.06% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus largiflorens; Eucalyptus populnea; Eucalyptus melliodora; Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Callitris glaucophylla;
Allocasuarina luehmannii; Muehlenbeckia florulenta; Callitris gracilis subsp. Murrayensis; Geijera parviflora; Hakea
tephrosperma; Pittosporum angustifolium; Apophyllum anomalum; Dodonaea viscosa; Eremophila mitchellii; Oxalis
chnoodes; Calotis lappulacea; Lepidosperma viscidum; Elymus scaber; Lolium rigidum; forb; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation
and encourage
uptake of
conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Manage grazing
practices
including avoiding
high-intensity set
stocking. Limit or
exclude grazing
during drought
periods and during
Spring and
Summer when
native ground
cover is in flower
or seed.
Do not revegetate
high quality
condition sites.
These sites should
be capable of
natural
regeneration and
planting disturbs
compositional
balance and
natural succession
patterns.
If few, or no
hollow bearing
trees are present
then place nest
boxes for arboreal
mammals and
birds on larger
trees within
remnants. Monitor
these regularly for
invasive species.
Hand pulling, spot
spraying and
weed wiping are
appropriate weed
control measures.
Control feral
grazers (deer,
rabbits, goats)
and erect fences
where appropriate
(e.g. of stock
dams, individual
guards for highly
palatable
young plants).
Maintain a 30–50
metre buffer of
native vegetation
around remnants
to help protect
against incursion
by feral predators,
spray drift and
weed incursion.
Prevent firewood
collection and
bush rock
removal. Retain
standing dead
trees and fallen
timber.
Protect from road
widening and
maintenance
activities.
Do not permit
commercial
apiarists to place
bee hives within
3km
of the remnant.
Plant native,
indigenous
species only if the
site shows no
signs of natural
regeneration.
Replicate the
composition and
density of species
Avoid soil
evident in local,
compaction from
vehicles/machinery good quality
eucalypt
or stock camps.
woodland sites.
Avoid cultivation,
Use seed of local
ripping and
provenance
excavation.
if possible.
Avoid herbicide
and pesticide
application in or
near remnants. Do
not divert run-off
into remnant
areas.
All fire
management
should be in
accordance with
local and State
regulations.
Please seek
advice from your
local NRM
organisation prior
to
undertaken any
fire
management
actions.
Prevent weed
introduction
through
maintaining
hygiene protocols
and minimising
soil disturbance.
Control feral
predators
including foxes,
dogs, cats and
pigs.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Saltbush and/or Bluebush shrublands vegetation profile
99.49% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Maireana pyramidata; Maireana aphylla; Atriplex vesicaria; Atriplex nummularia; Rhagodia spinescens;
Austrodanthonia setacea; Rhodanthe corymbiflora; Sclerolaena intricata; Sclerolaena tricuspis; Sclerostegia tenuis;
Enchylaena tomentosa; Lolium perenne; chenopod shrub; forb; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
Pest-proof
fence high
quality
remnants
and refugia.
Avoid continuous
or heavy grazing
to allow saltbush
to regrow or seed.
Avoid changes
to water
flow/water table
levees that
could impact on
aquifers,
surface waters
and
overland flow.
Experiment with
different saltbush
species for
livestock forage,
and implement
strategic grazing
regimes to
maximise both
production yields
and biodiversity
benefits.
Refer to
http://www.mallee
cma.vic.gov.au/re
sources/factsheets/enrichfs.pdf to explore
the benefits of
different grazing
regimes and
saltbush species.
REHABILITATION
FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Undertake
intensive
management of
identified key
refugia and
wildlife habitats.
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
restoration
activities to
ensure weeds do
not compete for
soil moisture with
vulnerable native
replantings.
Target rabbits,
foxes and cats in
key refugia and
habitats.
Maintain dingo
populations to
control exotic
pests.
Re-introduce
engineer species
(e.g. bilbies and
bettongs) where
feral animal
controls are
effective and in
place.
Manage native
grazing pressure
(e.g. from
kangaroos).
Manage foxes and
rabbits
simultaneously to
avoid foxes
switching to
predation on
Apply herbicides
native species, or
to actively growing increases in rabbit
weeds and avoid
populations.
spray drift.
Do not leave
areas of bare
ground to avoid
wind and water
erosion of soils.
Retain some
weed cover and
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Callitris forests and woodlands vegetation profile
86.11% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Callitris glaucophylla; Eucalyptus melliodora; Eucalyptus populnea subsp. Bimbil; Callitris gracilis; Eucalyptus
microcarpa; Allocasuarina luehmannii; Pittosporum phylliraeoides; Melaleuca uncinata; Austrostipa scabra;
Eremophila glabra; Arctotheca calendula; Echium plantagineum; Hordeum leporinum; Dodonaea viscosa;
Wahlenbergia gracilis; Wahlenbergia luteola; Austrostipa mollis; Triodia scariosa; Vulpia myuros; tussock grass;
epiphyte; rush.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
Create buffer
Avoid excessive
zones around high grazing pressure.
quality remnants.
Ensure timber
harvesting
practices are
sustainable.
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Reconnect callitris
forest and
woodland
remnants where
possible.
Avoid frequent or
high intensity
fires.
Callitris does not
survive intense
fire. When burnt,
it regenerates
from seed. If fires
occur too
frequently or if
grazing is
excessive, callitris
will not
regenerate.
If wildfire impacts
upon a remnant
ensure that
grazing is
excluded from the
remnant until
regrowth is well
established.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Apply herbicides
to actively growing
weeds and avoid
spray drift.
Do not leave
areas of bare
ground to avoid
wind and water
erosion of soils
(particularly sandy
soils which are
preferenced by
callitris species).
Retain some
weed cover and
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Other tussock grasslands vegetation profile
99.97% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Enteropogon acicularis; Erodium crinitum; Amphibromus nervosus; Callitris glaucophylla; Carthamus lanatus;
Geijera parviflora; Austrodanthonia setacea; Eragrostis australasica; Echium plantagineum; Sclerolaena muricata;
Sonchus oleraceus; Rhodanthe corymbiflora; Sporobolus caroli; Lolium perenne; Marsilea drummondii; tussock
grass; chenopod shrub; forb.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation
and encourage
uptake of
conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Prevent trampling
and excessive
grazing pressure.
Consult your local
NRM Organisation
for advice on
appropriate
revegetation
methods.
Graze 3 days on;
28 days rest
period.
Totally exclude
grazing during
Spring and
Summer flowering
and seeding
periods.
Remnants in
travelling stock
routes should be
monitored
carefully to ensure Maintain a
minimum sward
that remnants
height of 10 cm at
retain quality.
all times (across
Avoid activities
all the site).
that result in soil
Avoid fertiliser and
disturbance such
herbicide
as ploughing and
application in or
earth works.
near remnants.
Where possible,
Where cropping is
create buffers of
undertaken in
native vegetation
adjacent
of 30 metres or
paddocks,
more.
minimise spray
drift into
remnants.
Rehabilitate sites
with locally
sourced seed.
Monitor closely to
ensure that weed
species do not
compete with
young native
recruits for soil
moisture
and light.
Revegetate
between existing
remnants to
reconnect, extend
and buffer sites.
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Avoid disturbance
during peak
flowering season
(no mowing,
slashing or
burning).
Control foxes and
cats through
baiting.
Ensure grass
dependent
species are not
Maintain native
affected by feral
perennial cover.
animal trapping
and removal
Implement
hygiene measures programs.
to prevent weed
spread, including
by grazing and
machinery use.
Avoid adverse
impacts from
chemicals or other
mechanisms to
manage weeds.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT