1. LIFE, EXPANSION AND REASON FOR EXTINCTION.
2. WHERE DID THEY LIVE?
3. DIFFERENCE BETWEE THEM AND HOMO SAPIENS.
4. BREAF DESPRIPTION OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR.
5. OPINION OF EXTINCTION.
Andrea León and Paula Santos 1ºA
First of all, where did we come from?
Some people think that Adam and Eva were the first man and woman. The story of Adam
and Eva is central to the belief that God created human beings to live in a Paradise on earth.
However, other ones think that we come from ape ancestors.
1. LIFE
The first human beings used to live in small groups called nomadic tribes. Hunt, fish
and recollect wild plants for food. Live in caves or outdoors.
2. WHERE DID THEY LIVE?
Most archaeologists think that Homo sapiens sapiens first lived in Africa, and that our
direct ancestor was Homo habilis , who evolved about 2.5 million years ago. But some
believe our ancestor was Homo ergaster, who developed around 1.9 million years ago
and settled in different parts of the world.
EVOLUTION
1. Ardipithecus ramidus was the first hominid on Earth and lived in Africa. The
pelvis show us that they could combine tree-climbing and bidepal activity.
2. Homo habilis were the first hominids that started using instruments made of
stones.
3. Homo erectus; this type of homidid appeared later and were the firts hominids
able to spread out and to achieve Asia.
AFTER THEM, THE NEARDENTALENSIS APPEARED AND LATER ON, THE
ACTUAL HOMO SAPIENS.
3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM:
NEARDENTHALENSIS
Their body was large and short, due to this characteristics they could bear easily bad weather.
They used to live 40 years. Their brain capacity was similar to our capacity, and their face was
large and long, their dentition was large too and they had a very big nose. They used to hung
animals and recollect fruit. Their type of hunting was really dangerous because they had to be
nearby the pray. Due to this their life expectative was really law and they used to have lot of
injuries.
HOMO SAPIENS
Their characteristics are like nowadays. They had less brain capacity than homo
neardenthalensis. They hunted smaller prays than homo neardenthalensis used to hunt.
Homo sapiens is the binomial nomenclature for the human species. Homo is the human genus,
which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominid; H. sapiens is the
only surviving species of the genus Homo. Modern humans are the subspecies Homo sapiens
sapiens, which differentiates them from what has been argued to be their direct ancestor.
Modern man (homo sapiens) and neanderthal man (homo neanderthalensis) are closely
related. They both belong to the genus homo, and the time periods in which the two
species lived overlap. Neanderthals lived between 500,000 (ish) and 30,000 years ago,
and modern humans first showed up around 200,000 years ago (modern in appearance,
though not necessarily in behavior). DNA evidence even supports the idea that members
of the two species inter-bred successfully! There are, however, differences: neanderthal
humans had a more pronounced nose, and a slightly larger cranium (brain compartment)
than modern humans. Both species made and used tools, however neanderthal tools
were much more primitive. It is suggested that neanderthals were better adapted for a
colder climate, which may have led to the eventual supremacy of modern humans as the
planet warmed.
1. EXPANSION
Over 160,000 years ago, the first humans lived in Africa. They stayed there for a long time
because of the climate conditions. Then they started to spread out to hunt for food and they
achieve south and north Africa.
A group travelled across the Sahara, reaching Asia, but they didn’t stay there for a long time
because they died. The climate conditions were not the same as in Africa so they weren’t able
to survive.
After that, homo erectus reoccupied Asia and some years later, the Neanderthal Man reached
India, and continued along Indonesia.
A worlwide population extinctions started due to Mt Toba super eruption.
Later, they were able to move north up. And finally, they occupied north and south america.
EXTINCTION
The main reason of extinction was the maladaptation because of climate
conditions. Some of them couldn’t bear living in such cold places.
Another reason was the Mt Toba eruption. The volcanic eruption that resulted in
Lake Toba is known to have been by far the biggest eruption of the last 2 million
years. In our story the Toba eruption is the most dramaticevent before the last ice
age.
Toba is also regarded by some as having caused worldwide population
extinctions as a result of the ‘nuclear winter’ that followe
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
A general model is outlined showing how the prehistoric development of clothing for
thermal reasons may be relevant to the emergence of modern human behaviour. A
distinction is drawn between simple and complex clothing, with the latter leading to
repercussions that can ultimately became decoupled from thermal contingencies.
Archaeological correlates of complex clothing can be linked to attributes of modern
human behaviour, some but not all of which made a transient appearance in late
Pleistocene Tasmania. Cave sites in the southwest of the island have yielded bone
tools and distinctive stone scraper tools, along with evidence for the targeting of prey
species and parietal artworks in some caves. Thermal conditions in late Pleistocene
Tasmania approached the known limits of human cold tolerance, necessitating the use
of clothing. The archaeological record is reviewed in relation to likely technological and
other correlates of the manufacture of clothing. It is argued that thermal parameters
were a significant aspect of the human response to climate change in Tasmania. These
developments invite comparison with those witnessed outside the region during the
Upper and late Middle Pleistocene, particularly in northern middle latitudes and also in
Africa, where they are interpreted as indicating the emergence of modern human
behaviour.
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