OCE 3014: Oceanography: Midterm 2 (50X 2=100 points)
1. The viscosity of water decreases with
A)
decrease of pressure
B)
increase of salinity
C)
increase of temperature
D)
Both A and C above
2. Water called a polar molecule because,
A)
water forms by melting of polar ice
B)
the covalent bonds holding it together are like long poles.
C)
It has a positively and a negatively charged end.
D)
None of the above.
3. Which of the following statements is false
A) Density of sea water increases with pressure
B) Density of sea water increases with salinity
C) Density of sea water increases with temperature
D) Density of sea water increases with depth
4. The amount of dissolved carbon in sea water is approximately
A)
10 times that in the Atmosphere
B)
60 times that in the Atmosphere
C)
1/2 of that in the atmosphere
D)
1/1000th of that in the atmosphere
5.Manganese Nodules are found in
A) Continental Shelves
B) Continental Slopes
C) Oceanic Trenches
D) Abyssal Plains
6..Rocks formed by Radiolaria and Diatoms are rich in
A) Iron
B) Radium
C) Calcium Carbonate
D) Silica
7. The salinity of sea-water is approximately ____ X chlorinity
A) 0.8
B) 1.8
C)2.8
D)3.8
8. Which of the following processes is not responsible for the removal of ions from the sea water
A)
reaction of sea water with oceanic crust
B)
formation of evaporite deposits
C)
biological activities
D)
chemical weathering of continental rocks
9. What is the second most common dissolved ion in the Sea Water
A)
Sodium
B)
Chlorine
C)
Silicon
D)
Iron
10. The Principle of Constant Proportion states that
A)
All oceans have the same salinity
B)
Proportion of Sodium in sea-water is always constant
C)
Relative concentration of ions in sea-water is constant
D)
Salinity of oceans do not change with depth.
11. Thermocline is deepest in
A)
high latitudes
B)
mid latitudes
C)
low latitudes
D)
it is at same depth in all latitudes
12.The ratio of 14C/12C in a sample of ancient wood is 1/8 that of a present day live tree. What is
the age of this sample?
A) 5730 years
B) 11460 years
C) 17190 years
D) 22920 years
13. Which of the following is not true about relict sediments? These ______
A) are found in continental shelves
B) are sediments that were deposited on the continents
C) Are sediments that were deposited in shallow ocean waters
D) mostly formed during the last ice age.
14. The oldest rocks in ocean floors are found at_________
A)
Mid-oceanic ridges
B)
near the continental margins
C)
Entire ocean floor is of same age
D)
At the center of the ocean basins
15. Where in the ocean are the sediments thinnest?
A) on Mid-Oceanic Ridges
B) at the Deltas
C) at the Continental shelf
D) at Abyssal Plains
16. The depth zone at which there is rapid change in sea water density is known as
A)
Pycnocline
B)
Thermocline
C)
Calvin Klein
D)
Halocline
17. Speed of sound in the oceans __________
A)
increases with depth
B)
increases with temperature
C)
increases with salinity
D)
all of the above
18. Which of the following is not a major dissolved ion in the sea water?
A)
Magnesium
B)
Aluminium
C)
Calcium
D)
Potassium
19. The pH of sea water is approximately ________ indicating that the seawater is __________.
A) 8, acidic
B) 8, alkaline
C) 0, neutral
D) 7 , neutral
20. Incident Infra-red radiation penetrates sea water upto a depth of approximately
A)
1m
B)
10m
C)
100m
D)
1 cm
21.Ocean bottom sediment rich in calcite (calcium carbonate) indicate _______ ocean above.
A) warm
B) cold
C) shallow
D) Deep
22. During the winter monsoon in India
A) Cold air from the continent blow towards the ocean
B) Cold air mass from the ocean blow towards the continent
C) Hot air mass from continents blow towards the ocean
D) Hot air mass from the ocean blows towards the continents
23. Sound waves in SOFAR channel travel ____
A)
faster than the layer above and below
B)
slower than the layer above and below
C)
faster than the layer above buy slower than the layer below
D)
slower than the layer above buy faster than the layer below
24.-The Thermocline occurs at a depth of ______m in the polar region
A)
200-300 m
B)
1000 m
C)
3000 m
D)
There is no Thermocline in the Polar region
25.During ice ages, the ratio of 18O/16O in polar ice are
A) greater than that during warm periods
B) lesser than that during warm periods
C) same as that during the warm periods
D) can either be greater or lesser depending on the latitude
26.The ITCZ reaches it's most northerly position in
A) July
B) January
C) March
D) October
27. Which of the following isotopes is radiogenic?
A) 12C
B) 14N
C) 16O
D) These are all stable isotope
28. Because of Coriolis Force, currents in the Northern hemisphere are deflected _____
A) Left
B) right
C) upwards
D) downwards
29. Thermohaline circulation refers to circulations controlled by
A) predominant wind direction caused by earth's rotation
B) temperature (Thermal) changes in sea water
C) Salinity changes in sea water
D) Density changes in sea water
30. Jet streams are associated with
A) Doldrums
B) Polar Fronts
C) Horse Latitudes
D) Trade winds
31. Major deserts of the world are situated around 30 N and S latitudes because
A) These areas receive maximum solar radiation
B) These are zones where cold air sinks towards ths surface
C) These areas are not fed by any river
D) These are the areas where hot air rises from the surface
32. How much calories of heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 gm of ice at freezing point to
steam at boiling point of water?
A) 100
B) 540
C) 720
D) 80
33.A high pressure zone near the equator marked by a band of cloud and high rainfall is known as
A) Trade Winds
B) Westerlies
C) Polar front
D) Doldrums
34. Montreal Protocol proposed of banning of _______?
A) Production of CFCs
B) Limiting of CO2 emission by burning of fossil fuel
C) limiting the emission of CH4 (methane) and other greenhouse gases
D) All of the above
35. Most of the solar radiation incident on the earth is reflected back in the space as _____
A) visible light
B) ultraviolet rays
C) infra-red rays
D) None of the above
36. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Water Vapor
C) methane
D) sulfur dioxide
37. The Kyoto Protocol intends to limit the _______
A) emission of greenhouse gases
B) spreading of the ozone hole
C) spread of nuclear of weapons
D) hunting of whales
38. After Nitrogen and Oxygen which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
A) Argon
B) Carbon Di-Oxide
C) Hydrogen
D) Ozone
39. As one goes up in the Stratosphere the temperature _______
A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains constant
D) fluctuates
40. Ozone gas in the upper atmosphere is destroyed by ________
A) carbon di-oxide
B) ultraviolet rays
C) CFCs
D) None of the above
41. Tektites are ______
A) cosmogenous sediments formed of solidified of melt spray at the impact zone
B) sediments formed by accumulation of volcanic ejecta
C) sediments formed by accumulation of skeletal maetrials
D) any tectonically deformed rock or sediment
42.Hurricanes form mostly _____
A) near Polar Fronts
B) in Horse Latitudes
C) At the Equator
D) between 15 and 20 latitudes
43. Ozone in the upper atmosphere absorbs ______
A) short wave length ultraviolet rays
B) medium wavelength ultra violet rays
C) Long wavelength ultraviolet rays
D) All of the above
44. Extra-tropical cyclones are found mostly _____
A) along the ITCZ
B) in mid latitudes
C) in polar regions
D) in Tropical regions
45.The circular wind pattern in the hurricanes of the northern hemisphere are
A) CCW (Counter Clockwise)
B) CW
C) First CW then CCW
D) First CCW then CW
46. A low-pressure system forms where ________
A) cold air masses are sinking towards the earth
B) warm air masses are rising towards upper atmosphere
C) in zones of coastal upwelling
D) in zones of coastal downwelling
47. The Ozone Hole is most pronounced in ______
A) equatorial region
B) polar regions
C) mid latitudes
D) every where
48. Where does the Ozone layer occur?
A) Stratosphere
B) Troposphere
C) Tropopause
D) Mesosphere
49. What is the average amount of solar radiation received by the earth
A) 7 million cal/cm 2/min
B) 2 cal/cm2/min
C) 1 cal/cm2/min
D) 0.5 cal/cm 2/min
50. Deep-sea oozes are made of
A) muds deposited by turbidity currents
B) very fine grained terrigenous clays
C) shells of microscopic marine organisms like Foraminifera
D) volcanic ash
.51. The major source of sediments in the ocean is _______
A) Sediments blown by the wind
B) Sediments carried by the rivers
C) Sediments (ash) produced by volcanic eruption
D) Biogenic sediments