West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Water and Waste Management
Charleston, WV 25304
March 2005
Laboratory
Hazardous
Waste:
A Guidance Manual for Science Instructors
?
LABORATORY HAZARDOUS WASTE:
A GUIDANCE MANUAL
FOR SCIENCE INSTRUCTORS
STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER & WASTE MANAGEMENT
601 57TH STREET
CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA 25304-1234
March 2005
Disclaimer
The material in this manual was compiled from many sources to present as wide a range of
information as possible on managing laboratory waste. While the West Virginia Department of
Environmental Protection, Division of Water & Waste Management (WVDEP-DWWM) has taken
every effort to insure the material used in this document is current, complete, and accurate, it is
impossible to make that guarantee. Our agency welcomes additional information on waste
management techniques for any substance, listed or unlisted, or other information that should be
included in this manual. Intentional improper disposal of a hazardous waste is a crime punishable
by imprisonment. If you are unable to identify your chemical wastes as hazardous or nonhazardous using this manual, or if you need more assistance please contact a WVDEP-DWWMrepresentative (page 85).
ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS MANUAL MAY BE
DUPLICATED, THROUGH ANY MEDIUM,
PROVIDED THIS DISCLAIMER IS INCLUDED.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Page
1
Introduction and Overview
5
2
Planning a Disposal Project
7
3
Safety
10
4
Inventory
14
5
Categorizing Hazardous Materials
17
6
Hazardous Waste Identification
21
7
Restocking the Laboratory
26
8
Organizing Waste Streams
28
9
Reducing the Volume of Hazardous Waste
30
10
Hazardous & Non-Hazardous Waste Disposal
34
11
Alternatives to Disposal Costs
39
12
Evaluating a Hazardous Waste Disposal Project
41
13
Minimizing Hazardous Waste Accumulation
43
Appendix
A
Page
Chemical Use, Storage, Transport, Disposal Guidelines
(un-numbered pages or Appendix_A if using disk)
49
B
Sample Chemical Inventory Form
51
C
General Compatibility List
52
D
Chemical Incompatibilities
53
E
Substances with Greater Hazardous Nature than Usefulness
54
F
Lists of Hazardous Wastes by Type
56
G
Example Material Safety Data Sheet
82
H
Additional Resources
84
I
Guide to Federal Environmental Acronyms
86
J
Glossary
88
K
Bibliography
90
Table
Page
3-3.5
Suggested Emergency Equipment
12
3-3.6
Hazardous Waste Management Checklist for Planning and
Safety
13
5-3.1
Categorizing Specific Materials
18
5-5.4
Categorizing Unknowns
19
3
FOREWORD
This manual provides guidance for science instructors on identification, recycling, reduction
in volume, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes generated in school laboratories. The
management techniques described in this publication have been tested and are effective in
removing hazardous waste from the science laboratory while maintaining compliance with state and
federal regulations.
Reducing the quantities of hazardous wastes generated, or recycling the wastes on or off
site, will benefit the educational system by reducing acquisition and disposal costs, improving
laboratory safety, and lowering the liabilities associated with hazardous waste storage, treatment,
and disposal.
4
SECTION 1
Introduction and Overview
Hazardous waste disposal is a major concern of environmentalists who advocate additional
regulation of hazardous waste incinerators and landfills. Responsibility for complying with state and federal
regulations in hazardous waste disposal affects every one who comes in contact with these materials. The
escalating cost of hazardous waste disposal is forcing many businesses to seek alternative disposal
methods, or to modify current processes to reduce the amounts of hazardous wastes produced for
disposal. Industries, municipalities and educational institutions are the most likely candidates to be
scrutinized by environmental regulators inspecting waste disposal practices.
Science laboratories in public and private schools throughout the United States maintain large
inventories of hazardous materials.
Excess stock is generated when reagents are abandoned for
alternative substances or are purchased without first consulting the inventory or need.
While these large inventories are impressive, many substances may have exceeded their shelf life
making it difficult to predict their stability. Furthermore, a large portion of these materials are composed of
hazardous constituents whose potential for usefulness is outweighed by the associated risks of adverse
health effects.
As a rule, the hazardous materials encountered in modern secondary school laboratories are
indicative of bulk purchasing practices, offerings from Partnership Programs, consolidation projects and
special reagents for advanced laboratory courses. Older schools on the other hand, whose laboratories
were initially stocked prior to 1975, reflect the accumulation of materials placed there by Presidential
directives of the 1950's and 1970's to enhance science programs. Many of these seldom-used substances
are highly toxic and hazardous.
For decades
down the drain
technology was the standard operating practice for school
laboratories. Traditionally, funding went for laboratory expansion and upgrading inventories, not for
hazardous waste disposal or hazardous waste training. It is only recently that hazardous waste disposal
has become a vital issue for school laboratories.
If yesterday’s science instructors had been formally trained in hazardous waste management, the
disposal problems encountered by school systems today would be less severe or, ideally, nonexistent.
5
Invariably, hazardous substances become permanent fixtures on stockroom shelves because
disposal funds are critically low or nonexistent for professional waste removal contractors. Consequently,
health and safety exposure standards are breached when deteriorating reagent containers are broken or
spilled on stockroom shelves and enclosures. Laboratories that are overstocked with hazardous materials
can suffer from increased violations of environmental laws resulting in litigation and extensive waste
disposal liabilities.
Most of West Virginia’s secondary schools have science laboratories stocked with large numbers of
hazardous materials which, due to their toxic nature, are useless for experiments or demonstrations.
Moreover, most instructors lack the expertise and funds needed to identify, reduce in volume or toxicity,
and remove these hazardous substances from the laboratory using proper disposal techniques outlined in
state and federal regulations. Also, alternative methods for disposal of hazardous materials and hazardous
wastes (which help reduce disposal costs by contractors) have not been implemented in many school
systems.
This manual will assist instructors with waste disposal problems by providing guidance in the
preferred elimination techniques and to assist with the identification, reduction in volume and toxicity, and
final disposal of hazardous waste generated in school laboratories. The manual also provides guidance on
developing and implementing a hazardous waste management plan using readily available resources.
By familiarizing instructors with the contents of this manual, school systems will benefit from
successful, low-cost hazardous waste disposal projects, safety and health oriented laboratory restocking
programs, hazardous materials inventory control, and comprehensive hazardous waste management plans
developed for compliance with state and federal regulations.
6
SECTION 2
Planning a Disposal Project
2-1
Overview
Few instructors or administrators are comfortable undertaking a hazardous waste management
project for the first time. The magnitude of the task seems overwhelming in the initial phases of the project.
This is especially true when each activity is closely watched by state and federal regulators and when the
success or failure of the project rests on the decisions and guidance provided by the project supervisors.
This chapter discusses the importance of planning a waste management project from start to finish,
and techniques to assist in achieving final success.
2-2
Planning Concepts
Science instructors know that following the exact procedures when performing experiments and
demonstrations produces the desired results. Following procedures is an essential requirement for concept
building in students. Carefully planned goals and objectives provide the necessary ingredients to formulate
a progressive science course.
Planning a hazardous waste management project is similar to developing objectives for a science
course. Goals are established, methods for attaining these goals are developed, and an evaluation is
performed to judge the effectiveness of the project. Waste management, like the science curriculum, can
be improved by examining its strengths and weaknesses and making appropriate modifications.
2-3
Developing Project Goals
Even though a waste management project’s primary goal is to remove hazardous waste from the
school laboratory other benefits and goals may be realized. Waste management is not a single-goal
oriented program. Instructors can accomplish many beneficial tasks during waste management activities
that would be major, time-consuming undertakings under normal conditions.
Typical goals and benefits of a waste management project are:




Development of a complete stockroom inventory.
Obtaining Material Safety Data Sheets for all chemicals in the inventory.
Restocking the laboratory in a manner consistent with safety and health regulations.
Determining stockroom needs and the expected shelf life of materials in the current inventory.
7
 Identifying hazardous wastes, assembling the waste streams and organizing the waste into
appropriate groups.
 Reducing the volume or toxicity of hazardous waste.
 Hazardous waste disposal.
 Developing alternative disposal methods.
 Preventing waste accumulation.
 Establishing a foundation for an ongoing comprehensive waste management program for the
school or school system.
 Evaluating the project.
 Becoming familiar with current environmental laws that affect laboratory policy.
 Reporting project accomplishments for use by school administrators, other schools, or other
school systems when developing future waste management projects.
The project planning team should adapt this list of goals to meet the needs of their project. The
goals, which are necessary to evaluate the project's effectiveness, are determined by the needs
established during pre-planning phases of the project.
Additional benefits will evolve based on the specifics of the waste management project. Some may
be unique to the school for which the project was designed. By remaining open to multiple goals for the
project, science instructors can take advantage of beneficial situations that occur along the way.
2-4
Following-through with the Project
Opportunities may be lost if the instructor loses sight of the project goals or expects too rapid
progress. Many instructors tend to slow down or halt their waste management activities because of
encounters with administrators or lack of apparent progress in achieving the project’s final goal. This
tendency is to be expected, especially with first time waste management projects developed by people
lacking specialized training.
However, the instructor should follow through with the project, correcting problems with planning or
processing, and confronting administrative pitfalls as they occur. Stopping waste management activities
increases the odds that the project is doomed, never to be restarted, and reduces the instructors'
confidence in the waste management plans.
8
One method for dealing with administrative problems or shortcomings in the planning process is to
adopt the "modify and move on" approach. Instructors can change their activities to address internal
inconsistencies without slowing down the waste management project. By using this method of dealing with
problems, assures progress toward the final goal of the project and generates feedback for future projects.
2-5
Scheduling Project Activities
Many instructors are pressured by administrators to establish a schedule for completion of each
phase at a specific time. Preparing such a schedule for a waste management project is difficult. Problems
may surface, such as illness, course schedules, or budgetary disturbances, that impact completion dates
for activities. Many of these problems are not under the control of instructors or administrators.
Instructors should refrain from setting absolute waste management schedules. A flexible schedule
that provides a general time line for completion of waste management activities is sufficient and will deter
"short cuts". The instructor should concentrate on quality results, not speed or quantity. By pacing
themselves throughout the duration of the project, instructors will find the tasks easier to complete. Most
laboratory waste management projects in secondary schools are completed within one year. However,
each laboratory will have unique situations affecting the time needed for the project.
9
SECTION 3
Safety
3-1
Overview
Safety is the most important element of any school laboratory program. Establishing good safety
habits in staff and students can prevent injury to students, staff, instructors, equipment and facilities.
Personnel participating in hazardous waste management activities should adopt more sophisticated
methods of ensuring their own safety. Handling unknowns and potentially unstable mixtures could result in
personal injury, fire, explosion or other damage. Contingency planning should accompany hazardous
waste management projects to provide guidelines for actions in case of an emergency and to reduce the
liabilities associated with hazardous waste management.
3-2
Chemical Safety
Science instructors should avail themselves with the most current guides on handling chemicals
before beginning a hazardous waste management project. A few of these are listed in the Bibliography. If
these are not in the school library, they should be obtained from the county science supervisor, or other
source, before starting of the project. Consult specialists to determine if other references could be of value
in planning and implementing the waste management project.
3-3
Contingency Planning
In developing the hazardous waste management project, instructors should prepare contingency
plans in the event of spills, releases or other emergency situations involving hazardous or non-hazardous
substances. These should include the actions necessary to reduce the probabilities of an incident and to
reduce the effects of an emergency situation (fire, explosion, spills, gas release).
Contingency plans should include:





A list of required safety equipment,
A list of equipment and materials required to contain and cleanup spills,
The approved (U. S. EPA, RCRA Manual (1989)) method for recovering a spilled hazardous
substance,
Measures for treating hazardous or non-hazardous materials undergoing chemical reaction,
Emergency contacts (Fire, Police, poison control centers, Emergency Medical Services,
hospitals, and local Office of Emergency Services) to notify in case of a hazardous materials
spill or accident,
10




Procedures for isolating the laboratory in the event of a hazardous material spill, fire, gas
release, or explosion.
Sheltering and/or evacuation procedures for students and staff in the event of an emergency
situation.
Storage plans for hazardous and non-hazardous materials and waste in the school laboratory or
alternative designated areas, and
Procedures for reporting to administrators and local or state authorities, incidents of vandalism,
theft, or spills of hazardous materials.
By developing these plans, and ensuring that all personnel involved are familiar with them,
emergency situations can be controlled in a relatively brief time with minimal exposure of the students and
staff. In addition, developing and implementing a plan may reduce the schools liability in case of an
incident.
Regardless of the quality of your contingency plans, they are of little value if they cannot be used in
an emergency situation. Filing them in a cabinet or putting them in a drawer in the stockroom does not help
anyone during an emergency.
Copies should be posted in the laboratory stockroom, the classroom, the science department office,
the principal's office, the vice-principal's office, and the housekeeping supervisor’s office. A copy should
also be attached to the stockroom inventory. Several people should be aware of the contents of the plan
before an emergency occurs. Make everyone aware of your activities and ask them to review the plan in
the event that you are not present in an emergency situation.
3-4
Personal Safety
Instructors should always wear protective eyewear, gloves, and clothing in the laboratory as part of
their daily safety program. A few instructors require science students to practice safety procedures in the
laboratory, but do not abide by the rules themselves. Instructors who do use these precautions are
generally provided adequate safety and serve as role models for their students.
Anyone implementing a hazardous waste management project should use personal safety
techniques to protect themselves from the effects of hazardous materials. Laboratories containing large
quantities of unknowns, exotic substances, or unstable compounds are considered to be serious health and
safety hazards. The potential for mishap is far greater than for conventional laboratories. Arrange for a
qualified assistant when you handle hazardous substances.
11
3-5
Emergency Equipment
Preparation for a waste disposal project includes obtaining the equipment and training needed to
respond to any emergency situation. In addition to protective eyewear, gloves, and clothing designed for
laboratory use, instructors should have on hand the items listed in Table 3-3.5 before starting a hazardous
waste management project. It is essential that instructors be familiar with the use of each item. Some
equipment, such as respirators, require training and certification approved by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration.
Table 3-3.5
Suggested Emergency Equipment
Fire extinguishers (A, B, C which is effective on normal
fires as well as oil fires and electrical fires, or CO 2 type)
First Aid Kit
Absorbent clay (kitty litter)
Fire blanket
Emergency eyewash bottles/stations
Emergency chemical shower
Sand (two gallons in metal bucket)
Brooms
Refuse containers with lids (metal and plastic)
Disposable gloves
Metal bins for broken glass
Absorbent towels
Respirator with organic, solvent, pesticide and dust cartridges
Flat shovel
Fume hood or secured outdoor area
Dust pan
This emergency equipment list should be modified to meet individual needs. Review your choice of
materials and request the items that you may need. It is better to obtain more safety equipment than is
needed instead of being caught shorthanded during an emergency.
3-6
Planning and Safety Checklist
The seemingly endless list of last-minute details creates a form of paranoia among disposal team
members and the instructor. Many instructors, after spending countless hours devising waste management
plans, contingency plans, and safety programs, fear that some small detail they have omitted will delay the
project or spell disaster for it. This is a common reaction, even among the hardiest veterans of hazardous
waste management activities.
12
To combat this paranoia, develop planning and safety checklists. These checklists contain
questions designed to measure the instructors' readiness to proceed with the next phase. Negative
answers indicate areas of deficiency or unsureness in the project's planning or safety programs. It is
advisable to put the project on hold, obtain the necessary information, and then resume activities. Science
instructors should use the "ten-point" checklist, included in the form below, as a springboard in developing a
unique checklist for their project.
Table 3-3.6
Hazardous Waste Management Checklist for Planning and Safety
1. Are goals and objectives are outlined for the project?
2. Are activities well-defined and understood by all?
3. Have administrators, department chairpersons, housekeeping staff and county science
supervisor been alerted to the disposal project?
4. Are chemical safety references available?
5. Have contingency plans have been developed, reviewed, and posted?
6. Is personal safety equipment available (to your specifications)?
7. Is all laboratory emergency equipment readily available and functional?
8. Do you have a "working partner" or "buddy" available to assist you?
9. Are you confident in your skills to conduct this project?
10. Can you justify the need to develop and follow through with this waste disposal
project?
13
Yes No
SECTION 4
Inventory
4-1
Overview
Hazardous waste management projects are designed to reuse, recycle, and reduce the volume and
toxicity of hazardous materials encountered in school laboratories. Only in the final stages are instructors
requested to enter their laboratories, choose the substances that are hazardous and dispose of them in an
acceptable manner.
How do science instructors know which materials to choose and where they are located? Are all
laboratory materials hazardous or toxic?
Laboratory inventories are used to locate hazardous materials and to assist in storing substances
according to its compatibility with other substances. The laboratory stockroom inventory is the most
critical activity performed during a waste management project.
4-2
Purpose of an Inventory
The most important step in the hazardous waste management process is the generation of a
complete inventory of the substances and apparatus in the stockroom, storage facilities, and work stations.
Through the development of the inventory, instructors shift from the planning phase to the
implementation phase of the project.
Inventories enable science instructors to categorize laboratory substances and determine the need
for a particular reagent in future experiments. They also provide estimates of the quantities of laboratory
materials available for use, reuse, recycling or disposal. There are numerous additional benefits associated
with good inventory practices. A few of these are:
☺
☺
☺
☺
Alerting school and emergency response personnel to the types of materials in the laboratory.
Determining which Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are needed to comply with U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), WV Department of Environmental Protection
(WVDEP), and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations.
Aiding in the location of chemicals or apparatus recalled due to distributor contamination or
defect.
Issuing safety forms for the purchase of spill and accident equipment.
14
☺
Developing suitable restocking practices of laboratory reagents according to their characteristics
and stability.
☺
☺
4-3
Helping determine the source of exotic or highly toxic substances not on routine purchase orders.
Encouraging instructors to rotate laboratory stock, dispose of undesired chemicals, and adopt
good housekeeping policies in the laboratory.
Planning the Inventory
A complete inventory list can be obtained only if the instructor is willing to spend the necessary time
developing it. Every substance in the stockroom must be removed from shelves and cabinets and
transported to a work area for processing. Using students to inventory the laboratory stockroom is not
recommended. Assistants should be recruited from the ranks of professionals (other science instructors)
who have a working knowledge of disposal activities.
Instructors should schedule these inventory activities during in service days, vacation times for
students, or during the summer to provide the necessary undisturbed time needed to complete the
inventory.
In addition, the inventory assembly area should be clear of non-essential materials (experiments,
balances, books, etc.) before the inventory process begins. One method is to set up work tables to
accommodate each type of material. For instance, use one table for acids, a second for bases, another for
solvents, and still another for unknowns. This method provides ample space in which to inventory the
supplies.
4-4
Inventory Procedure
The following steps will aid the instructor in developing good inventory procedures in the laboratory.
These steps should be modified to meet the requirements established by the disposal team members.
Step 1:
Review any previous inventory for the laboratory and prepare a new inventory form or
use a pre-printed form (see Appendix B). Each team member should have their own
copy and should fill out the entire form. Ensure the necessary chemical reference books
are available.
Step 2:
Designate a block of time (6-8 hours average) to perform the inventory. Keep
interruptions at a minimum (phone calls, visits, etc.) to maximize concentration on the
process. Note: Do not schedule an inventory if you are only able to devote small
increments of time to it. Reschedule the inventory, if necessary.
Step 3:
Provide a clear area to place the laboratory substances, maintaining safe distances from
heat or flames. Allow for a buffer zone between visitors and the jars of chemicals to
prevent accidents and theft.
15
Step 4:
Ensure all personnel have the appropriate personal safety equipment and know the
proper countermeasures for spills and emergency situations.
Note: The use of safety glasses, goggles or face shield, rubber gloves, a protective apron
or lab coat, and protective shoes (no sandals) are the minimum safety clothing
recommended for use in a laboratory.
Step 5:
Notify an administrator, a fellow instructor, or a member of the housekeeping staff that
you are undertaking a laboratory inventory and the expected duration of the inventory.
Request frequent checks of the area while the inventory is underway. This person should
be capable of implementing the contingency plan in the event of an accident.
Step 6:
Remove each container from storage and examine its contents (if possible) and overall
physical appearance. Record the material’s name, its chemical formula, the approximate
amount of the substance, and any deficiencies in the integrity of the packaging (broken
seals, leaking caps, etc.). Isolate leaking containers and deteriorated substances in a
separate area away from fire, heat, water and people. Do not throw these materials in
the trash or down the drain!
Step 7:
Transport the chemicals to the assembly area and arrange them according to their
compatibilities (see Appendices C and D). Place all unknowns in a secure area of the
laboratory. Do the same with radioactive substances. Do not throw any of these
substances in the trash or down the drain!
Step 8:
After all materials have been examined and transported to the assembly area, clean the
stockroom or recruit housekeeping staff to assist you. Once the stockroom is cleaned,
label the shelves according to the compatibility of the substances and safety (see
Appendices C and D). Do not restock laboratory shelves at this time.
Step 9:
Compare the recorded inventory list with the assembled substances as a final check to
identify stray containers that were missed in the initial process.
Step 10:
Stop the inventory at this point to relax and collect your thoughts. Do not leave the
stockroom substances unattended, should you decide to leave the general area.
Lock up the laboratory or get help from another instructor or staff member to maintain
proper security.
Congratulations! The gross inventory is now complete and ready to be used when determining the
proper categorization of hazardous materials (Section 6). Make several copies of this inventory. A lost
inventory creates havoc, and additional work.
16
SECTION 5
Categorizing Hazardous Materials
5-1
Overview
Laboratory chemicals can be divided into two basic groups, organics and inorganics, according to
their inherent chemical makeup. These two groups are composed of many compounds exhibiting qualities
that identify them as either hazardous or non-hazardous. The classification of organic and inorganic
chemicals into hazardous and non-hazardous categories is important to the health and safety of instructors
and students when performing demonstrations and experiments.
Instructors should be aware of the potential effects of chemicals used during classroom
experiments. Unsupervised disposal of hazardous materials could cause serious problems for plumbing,
laboratory sinks, waste disposal vehicles, and landfills, when incompatible materials combine (see
Appendix D).
Exercise extreme care when mixing hazardous materials from the inorganic group with the organic
group. Violent reactions could cause extensive damage and inflict injuries to students and instructors.
Therefore, hazardous materials should be grouped according to their compatibility, effects on health
standards, and specific characteristics.
5-2
Organic or Inorganic?
Science instructors should review the recently prepared gross inventory and decide which materials
are organic and which are inorganic. Many instructors can separate reagents by noting their chemical
formulas or names. If there is any doubt, review appropriate reference materials to determine the correct
classification of the substance. Some instructors consult a chemical supply catalog (i.e. Flinn, Kodak,
Fisher, Sargent Welch) which supplies the material or consult chemistry handbooks for the proper
classifications.
A preliminary classification should be made on the inventory with the exception of explosives,
ammunition, and unknowns.
These substances should be set aside for later consideration and
classification as detailed in Section 5-4.
17
5-3
Specific Categorization of Hazardous Materials
Once the preliminary classification (organic or inorganic) has been completed the instructor should
address specific characteristics of substances with regard to health and safety elements as well as
environmental impact. Many instructors devise their own systems for subdividing the classes into specific
categories. This is acceptable if the science instructor complies with West Virginia's Hazardous Waste
Management Regulations, which define "hazardous material" and "hazardous waste".
The four primary characteristics: (1) ignitability, (2) corrosivity, (3) reactivity, and (4) toxicity must be
a part of the classification system. This coding system is recognized by the U.S. EPA as the standard for
determining hazardous waste generator status. Compliance with this standard is critical.
A suggested classification system (Table 5-3.1) has been developed to assist instructors searching
for an acceptable classification program for hazardous materials.
By comparing a substance to this
system, instructors can logically group the material into its proper specified class.
Table 5-3.1
Categorizing Specific Materials
Class
Specific Characteristics
Specific Hazard
I
Flammable hazards
Fire
II
Contact hazards
Corrosives
III
Reactivity hazards
Violent reactions
IV
Health hazards
Poisoning/Toxicity
V
Non-hazardous
None
VI
Radioactive hazard
Multiple hazards
VII
Biological hazard
Infectious
VIII
Unknown
Any or all of the listed hazards
Any substance classified (I-VIII) should be identified by colored tape, stickers, or labels applied to
it's container. By color coding the labels of hazardous substances, the instructor can quickly and accurately
separate hazardous materials from non-hazardous. This system also aids the instructor when restocking
the chemical stockroom and provides an easy method of identifying hazardous materials. DO NOT
consolidate the contents of any specific group at this time.
18
5-4
Categorizing Unknowns and Speciality Items
Instructors often discover abandoned, unlabeled items that were used for special purposes or
demonstrations in the past. These items evade specific classification because they do not meet the criteria
established for materials in that system. Many instructors return these items to laboratory stockrooms for
long term storage as a form of disposal. This out of sight=out of mind management practice does not
meet the goals of the hazardous waste management process which requires recycling, reuse, or disposal of
unwanted chemicals.
Items often encountered include unknown gas cylinders, electrolytic cells, grinding and cutting oils,
fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, cleaning supplies (soaps, solvents), and unknown solids and liquids.
Most unknown substances can be roughly identified by the following table:
Table 5-5.4
Categorizing Unknowns
A.
If liquid, most unknown substances are:
(1)
acids, bases (titration tools), deionized water, alcohols, solvents,
buffers, aldehydes, ethers
Class I, II
(2)
oils, antifreeze, electrolytes, cleaning fluid, liquid soap, shampoo
Class I
(3)
dyes, inks, photographic developers, resins, formalin
Class IV
(4)
supernatant liquid from precipitation experimentation
Class IV
(5)
mercury
Class IV
(6)
(From Table 5-3.1)
Class I
Heinz 57" (mixtures of solvents)
B.
If solid, most unknown substances are:
(From Table 5-3.1)
(1)
explosives, gunpowder, fine metals, phosphorous (white, red, yellow)
Class III
(2)
sugar, salt, sodium bicarbonate, chemical salts, iodine
Class IV
(3)
sand, dirt, charcoal, coal (dust and lumps), perlite
Class V
(4)
metals (calcium, potassium, lithium, sodium), soft
Class III
(5)
metals (chromium, lead, alloys, iron fillings, copper, ore), hard
Class IV
(6)
soaps, waxes, fat (lard), greases
Class V
(7)
rocks and minerals, elements
Class V
(8)
preserved specimens, pesticides, fertilizer
Class III, IV
(9)
“Nasties” (unidentifiable - use extreme caution when handling)
Class VIII
19
Compare the unknown substance’s visible characteristics with the characteristics described in the
list above. Choose the most appropriate match in either Section A or B that best resembles the unknown
and tentatively assign the substance to the appropriate class (I-VIII). Develop the appropriate label and
apply it to the unknown container. Do not remove the unknown materials at this time. Further investigation
will be needed to determine their actual identities.
The comparison method does not guarantee determining the unknown's identity. It is a tool
developed by instructors and laboratory specialists based on samples of unknowns taken from school
laboratories and identified. All unknowns are not included in these lists. It is possible, however, to compare
unknown samples with known materials on this list and make generalizations about primary classifications.
Instructors uncomfortable with this process should isolate the unknowns and specialty items for further
screening.
5-5
Recheck the Inventory!
At this stage review the inventory list to ensure that each substance is accounted for and
categorized (I-VIII) before beginning the hazardous waste determination procedures.
20
SECTION 6
Hazardous Waste Determination
6-1
Overview
Materials that are categorized as hazardous substances are not hazardous wastes until the
instructor prepares to discard them. Many instructors incorrectly label hazardous substances as hazardous
wastes immediately after purchasing them. Until the substances are ready to be discarded, they are still
considered to be usable stock for the laboratory. The distinction between hazardous substances and
hazardous wastes is very important since material classified as hazardous wastes require cradle to grave
management under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) (see Section 6-3).
School laboratories throughout West Virginia have in their possession many materials that are
currently regulated by the WVDEP and others that may become regulated in the near future. Instructors
must be able to determine which of these substances can be disposed of in conventional landfills and which
must be shipped to licensed facilities which specialize in hazardous waste disposal.
By learning to identify hazardous wastes, instructors can prepare many of these substances for
disposal themselves. This eliminates contracting with outside consultants and results in considerable
savings to the school system.
6-2
Defining Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste is defined by the federal regulations (referenced by the WV Hazardous Waste
Management Regulations) as any discarded waste that exhibits characteristics of either ignitability,
corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity in its present state or in combination with other wastes.
All wastes to be discarded should be scrutinized to determine if any characteristic(s) are present
which would render them hazardous wastes. A list of hazardous wastes can be found in Appendix F or in
U.S. EPA's 40 CFR Subpart D, Parts 261.30 through 261.33.
6-3
Hazardous Waste Classification
The USEPA, by authority of RCRA, lists some wastes as hazardous in their elemental form and as
constituents in mixtures (See Appendix F). Others are classified as hazardous waste based on general
characteristics (i.e., acids with pH < 2 are corrosive).
21
Hazardous waste lists are extensive and new substances are continually being added. Questions
regarding substances that are suspected of being hazardous waste but cannot be found on available
hazardous waste lists, should be directed to a WV DEP representative (Appendix H).
6-4
Wastes That Exhibit the Characteristic of Ignitability
Ignitable wastes such as ether, xylene, and petroleum solvents are classified as D001 hazardous
wastes. These substances, not necessarily be found on any hazardous waste list, include liquids which
exhibit a flashpoint less than 140  F, spontaneously combustible solids, and oxidizers. These materials
correspond to Class I (Table 5-3.1) in Section 5.
6-5
Wastes That Exhibit the Characteristic of Corrosivity
Corrosive wastes such as acids and bases are classified as D002 hazardous wastes. These
substances will not necessarily be found on any hazardous waste list, but are aqueous solutions having a
pH of less than 2.0 or greater than 12.5, or are liquids that corrode steel at greater than 0.25 inch per year.
These materials correspond to Class II (Table 5-3.1) in Section 5.
6-6
Wastes That Exhibit the Characteristic of Reactivity
Reactive wastes such as perchlorates, cyanides, and sulfides are classified as D003 hazardous
wastes. This category includes unstable compounds, mixtures that react violently or form explosive gases
with the addition of water, compounds that produce toxic gases or vapors when mixed with water (or when
exposed to pH conditions between 2.0 and 12.5), substances that are capable of detonation or explosive
reactivity when irritated or heated, forbidden explosives, and certain Class A and B explosives. These
substances will not necessarily be found on any waste list. These materials correspond to Class III (Table
5-3.1) in Section 5.
6-7
Wastes Exhibiting the Toxicity Characteristic
These hazardous wastes are usually identified as heavy metals or restricted pesticides. For some
materials, hazardous waste determinations are made by TCLP analysis, the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure. The TCLP is a laboratory test which considers a waste to be characteristically
hazardous if a representative sample has any of the specific constituent concentrations as shown in 40
CFR 261.24 Table I (Appendix F). These substances are usually found in hazardous waste lists and are
classified as hazardous wastes D004 to D040. These materials correspond to Class IV (Table 5-3.1) in
Section 5.
22
6-8
Wastes from Non-Specific Sources
Some spent solvents used to degrease and clean and certain process wastes are regulated based
on their potential to harm human health. These wastes are grouped into categories of materials having
similar traits or having being generated from similar processes. A material must have been used at least
once to be listed as an 'F' waste. These materials generally correspond to Classes I-IV and VIII (Table 53.1) in Section 5. A complete list of 'F' wastes may be found in 40 CFR Part 261.31 (Appendix F).
6-9
Wastes from Specific Sources
Waste from certain production processes such as formulation of chromium- or lead-containing inks,
explosives, and certain organic and inorganic chemicals, are regulated based on their toxicity or reactivity.
These wastes are itemized by specific process description and are listed as 'K' wastes. These materials
generally correspond to Classes IV and VIII (Table 5-3.1) in Section 5. A complete list of 'K' wastes can be
found in 40 CFR Part 261.32 (Appendix F).
6-10
Acutely Toxic Hazardous Waste
These wastes are substances that are fatal to humans in low doses, have an oral LD 50 toxicity (rat)
of less than 50 milligrams per kilogram, an inhalation LC 50 toxicity (rabbit) of less than 200 milligrams per
kilogram, or are capable of significantly contributing to an increase in serious irreversible, or reversible
incapacitating illnesses.
Such wastes are classified as 'P' wastes. A complete list of 'P' wastes is contained in 40 CFR Part
261.33 (Appendix F).
These substances include commercial chemical products, manufacturing chemical intermediates,
and off-specification commercial chemical products. Their removal from the stockroom is preferred due to
their potentially detrimental effects on students and staff.
Although some teachers feel that these chemicals are essential to maintain complete inventories,
we must remind ourselves that in addition to removing hazardous waste from the laboratory, we are also
seeking to produce the least hazardous laboratory.
If you do not use these substances on a regular basis in quantities that will deplete the stock in a
single instructional year (nine to ten months), remove the materials from your stockroom and dispose of
them as hazardous waste. It would be safer to purchase micro-sized amounts of these substances and use
them at an accelerated pace.
23
6-11
Inherently Toxic Hazardous Wastes
These wastes are substances that have been shown in studies to exhibit toxic, carcinogenic,
mutagenic or teratogenic effects on humans or other life forms (U.S. EPA, 1990B).
Materials of this type include unused commercial chemical products, manufacturing chemical
intermediates, or off-specification commercial chemical products. Even though these chemicals are
essentially the same as acutely toxic wastes, they are not considered to pose serious health problems with
limited usage. Instructors should set aside these chemicals for possible reuse, recycling, or reduction
techniques instead of declaring them hazardous wastes. However, these materials should be scrutinized
also for their beneficial value to the science program. Instructors are urged to use them with caution and
deplete stockroom supplies as soon as possible.
These wastes are classified as U wastes, listed in 40 CFR Part 261.33 (Appendix F).
6-12
Chemical Mixtures
Mixtures of chemicals in laboratory stockrooms are the most difficult substances for instructors to
identify as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. Unless each constituent is known and can be assigned a
proportionate value, it is difficult to apply waste-mixture regulations.
The best method to deal with chemical mixtures is to consider them to be unknown substances and
set them aside for laboratory analysis. Contact a university or college, or a professional testing laboratory
in your area and inquire about the possibilities of their helping identify the mixture.
Another method would be to contract a professional disposal company for the proper analysis. Ask
for the analysis only. After the waste is identified, consider the alternatives in Section 9 in choosing proper
disposal. If you are still unable to identify the substance, contact a WVDEP representative (see Appendix
H) for assistance.
6-13
Hazardous Laboratory Stock
The instructor should weigh the benefits and the potential detrimental effects on the health and
safety of students and staff of many common laboratory substances. Due to their inherently hazardous
characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) these chemicals should not be retained in the
inventory unless a clear need for them is present. A list of such chemicals can be found in Appendix E.
24
6-14
Unlisted Laboratory Stock
The chemical lists found in this manual are not the most comprehensive lists of chemical
substances found in industry and laboratories. Many chemicals in school laboratory stockrooms are not
entered on any of these lists because (1) they are not hazardous, (2) they are obsolete or discontinued
substances, or (3) they are newer than the lists. Do not become frustrated if half of the items on your
inventory list cannot be found in this manual. Contact a WVDEP representative, professional laboratory
personnel, or a college, university, or industry laboratory for assistance.
6-15
Non-hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste is the primary focus of this manual and the main concern of the instructor. But,
nestled among the acutely toxic materials and the inherently toxic materials are the substances that
instructors like to see, non-hazardous chemicals. These compounds are destined to be put back into the
chemical stockroom until they outlive their usefulness or have deteriorated beyond use in classroom
experiments.
Even though these materials are not hazardous by definition, many of them can cause
environmental stress and pose significant health and safety risks if not disposed of properly. Keep these in
a designated area of the laboratory until a careful examination of them can be made. Segregate obvious
waste materials (empty containers, broken glass vials, cans, etc.) and discard them in the trash. Do not
discard any chemical substance at this time. Non-hazardous waste processing will be explained in a later
section of this manual.
NOTE:
Do not label these substances as hazardous waste at this time. Section 9 will give some insight into
possible alternative uses of these substances. Set them aside in a secure area to ensure they are not
tampered with.
25
SECTION 7
Restocking the Laboratory
7-1
Overview
Once hazardous materials are categorized and labeled, restocking the laboratory is like stocking a
chemical supermarket . By determining the characteristics of a hazardous material, science instructors
can limit chemicals for the stockroom that could potentially cause health and safety problems as well as
problems with disposal.
Restocking can be a frustrating experience for many laboratory instructors who cannot decide on
the types and amounts of chemicals needed for their science courses. This manual should help science
instructors choose from the materials available, and maintain proper health and safety standards for the
students and staff.
7-2
Choosing the Stockroom Chemicals
Most instructors are familiar with the various hazardous and non-hazardous materials in their
laboratories and restock their shelves based on the projected needs of the science course. Many of their
choices will be chemicals used in experiments that are scheduled on a regular basis, or used in classroom
demonstrations year after year. Other choices are common substances that can be used for special
projects by students or chemicals used to prepare reagents needed in other classes for experiments or
demonstrations.
7-3
Surplus Materials
Often, instructors are left with many chemicals that are not required in their inventory. Some
instructors feel obligated to store these substances to prevent disposal problems. It is important for
instructors to remain focused on the waste disposal process and limit the amount of hazardous materials in
laboratory stockrooms. Instructors should establish guidelines for choosing surplus materials to prevent
restocking problems that were identified when the inventory process began. A good guidance format is as
follows:
*Choosing Surplus Materials for the Laboratory*
1.
Choose the fewest possible items from the hazardous materials categories and develop
definite uses for each of these substances before putting them on stockroom shelves.
These are identified as Class I, Class II, and Class IV items
26
2.
Do not choose reactive (Class III), radioactive (Class VI) or biological (Class VII) for any
reason due to their potential hazards and high disposal costs.
3.
Carefully choose substances from the non-hazardous (Class V) category but make sure
that your choices are supported by laboratory needs for that particular material. Do not
choose the material for your laboratory only because it is non-hazardous.
4.
Choose materials from surplus stock only once! Never return to the surplus materials
after the laboratory inventory has been completed. Many of these materials may have
other potential uses that will be discussed in Section 9 of this manual, but for restocking
purposes, these items are off-limits .
After the last substance from your restocking procedure is recorded on the new inventory list, take a
break and leave the laboratory area (go to lunch, have a snack, go home, etc.). This helps those persons
who suffer from stockroom withdrawal (recognized as feeling the need to put all the substances back on
the stockroom shelves) to relax before organizing the stockroom.
7-4
Organizing the Stockroom
Science instructors usually have a definite arrangement for the chemicals in the stockroom based
on compatibility of the substances. If you are unsure of the compatibility of the laboratory chemicals review
the lists in Appendices C and D of this manual to ensure strict health and safety standards. NEVER store
incompatible chemicals near each other.
7-5
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
The final step in securing the stockroom for use is to obtain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
for each of the chemicals on your inventory list. You can obtain the sheets you need from the chemical
manufacturer or distributor. MSDSs are required by law and should be posted in the stockroom and the
laboratory classroom at all times. Prior to performing an experiment or demonstration, notify the students
of your intent to use chemicals in the exercise that may or may not have health or safety risks associated
with their use. Remind the students to inspect the MSDSs of the chemicals used in order to alert them of
any danger or other risks that result from using these materials. This practice may lessen the liabilities in
case of an accident where negligence has been cited on the part of the instructor or staff.
Copies of all MSDSs should accompany all copies of the inventory given to the principal, science
chairperson, and the county science supervisor to alert them to the possible ramifications through use of
these chemicals. An example of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) can be found in Appendix G.
27
SECTION 8
Organizing Waste Streams
8-1
Overview
After the restocking process is completed the remaining substances need to be organized into three
main groupings: hazardous, non-hazardous and unknown materials. The hazardous materials will be
further subdivided into smaller groups, based on their classifications, to prepare them for reduction
practices in Section 9 of this manual. The non-hazardous materials will be discarded and disposed of
according to the transportation and shipping requirements of the U. S. Department of Transportation.
Unknowns should be set aside. We will deal with them in greater detail in Section 8-4. By organizing the
hazardous and non-hazardous substances, further processing will be much easier to carry out and
document.
8-2
Grouping Hazardous Waste Streams
The hazardous materials that were categorized (Section 5) and assigned to particular classes
should be easy to group into waste streams prior to reduction processes. Each group will have as its
members, similar substances that are characteristically hazardous in nature. Separate the groups and
ensure that each substance has been properly classified before the reduction process begins. Be sure that
each substance is marked for easy recognition. Use colored labels, stickers or marking pens for marking
containers.
The hazardous waste streams consist of the following:
(from Table 5-3.1)
Class
EPA
Waste Code
Class I
D001
Comments
Ignitables and oxidizers. Place these materials in a secure part of the
laboratory until proper packaging for disposal can be obtained.
Class II
D002
Acids with pH < 2.0 and bases with pH > 12.5. Some can be disposed of
by elementary neutralization, diluting the neutralized solution with large
volumes (10 to1) of water, and flushing them down a sanitary sewer or
drain connected to a sanitary sewer, not a septic system. Refer to
[where] before attempting this. Never use a sink as a mixing
container for acids and bases. Sinks are notorious graveyards for
substances that if mixed with acids could produce harmful gases
or vapors.
28
Class III
D003
Dangerous reactives and explosives. Place these in a secure part of
the laboratory until proper packaging for disposal can be obtained.
Class IV
listed 'F', 'K', Some of these materials (i.e., lead, silver, mercury) are hazardous waste
‘U’, and ‘P’
unless they are shipped to qualified recycling facilities. These chemicals
wastes and
require destruction methods beyond the capabilities of science
TCLP
instructors.
However, some of these substances may be reused,
'D004-D040' recycled, or reduced effectively.
wastes
Consult references to determine
whether or not these substances can be used in other applications.
Disposal of these materials by professionals is quite expensive,
therefore, any reduction of their volume is considered a positive
outcome. D012-D017 are U.S. EPA banned pesticides and should not
be used.
In the event of a spill or theft, contact the WVDEP
immediately.
Class V
Class VI
Not
Non-hazardous wastes that can generally be landfilled or drained
Applicable
without significant environmental impact.
Not
Radioactives. Do not dispose of radioactive materials without permission
Applicable
of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or the West Virginia
Department of Health and Human Services, Industrial Hygiene Section.
Store radioactive materials in multilayered polyethylene bags
inside sealed containers.
Class VII
Not
Biologicals.
Can be disposed of in landfills after obtaining written
Applicable
permission from the West Virginia Department of Health and Human
Services, Environmental Health Section and the WVDEP. Biologicals
should be stored in multilayered polyethylene bags inside sealed
containers and kept cool (50-70 F) until disposed.
Class VIII
Unknowns. Do not attempt to consolidate. Place these in a secure
part of the laboratory until further investigation can identify them or
until proper packaging for disposal can be obtained.
29
SECTION 9
Reducing the Volume of Hazardous Waste
9-1
Overview
Unless your school district is overflowing with resources to support hazardous waste disposal, it is
necessary to reduce the amount of hazardous waste in volume or toxicity or both. Such a reduction, as a
part of a hazardous waste management program, will reduce the cost of disposal and will reduce liabilities.
However, do not remove a substance from the disposal list solely to reduce the cost of disposal.
To accomplish this task, instructors should review their gross inventories (minus stockroom
inventory) and determine if any of the hazardous materials can be reused, recycled, or reduced in volume
or toxicity. Obviously, reuse and recycling are the preferred procedures.
9-2
Reducing Hazardous Materials
For those substances which cannot be reused or recycled, reduction in volume, number of
containers, or toxicity is the last step before declaring it to be a hazardous waste. Some materials materials
can be reduced in volume via methods provided in many laboratory manuals, EPA publications, chemical
supply catalogs, or texts written especially for this purpose. Some of the prescribed methods involve
advanced procedures and should not be attempted by someone who does not have a working knowledge
of applied chemistry. Appendix H lists sources of information that can be used for waste reduction.
Exercise extreme care when reducing the volume of hazardous materials by chemical reaction,
neutralization, or other methodologies. Contact a professional chemist or a WVDEP representative to
obtain more specific information.
9-3
Common Reduction Activities
Landfilling solid non-hazardous wastes and draining liquid non-hazardous wastes to public sewage
treatment plants, where permitted, can be time consuming yet cost-effective methods. Consolidation of
quantities of one chemical into a single container or down-sizing partially full containers can often reduce
disposal costs that are frequently based on the gross volume of the containers. Neutralizing simple acids
and bases, often the largest volume of chemical wastes, involves elementary chemistry and your time.
Source reduction from the start and efficient use of materials on hand can reduce future wastes.
9-4
Consolidation
Combining contents of several partially empty containers of one chemical to form one or two full
containers reduces the overall number to be lab packed. For example: two full gallon jugs of methanol will
take up less packing space than eight partially full jugs. NEVER combine different chemicals into the same
30
container. NEVER put a chemical into a dirty container that previously held an incompatible or unknown
substance.
Never use a container that was not designed to contain the chemical. Solvents, for example, are
typically stored in glass containers. Transferring eight ounces of solvent from a gallon jug to a smaller
container will take up less space, but if the smaller container is a plastic that can be degraded by the
solvent, the purpose is defeated.
9-5
Neutralization
A limited number of hazardous materials, mostly simple acids and bases, can be neutralized by
employing a few common laboratory procedures, basic laboratory equipment, and general laboratory skills.
Always supply adequate ventilation when handling chemical substances. Neutralized acids and bases can
generally be diluted and drained to a local sewage treatment plant, with their permission.
9-6
Source Reduction
When preparing formulations, prepare only the quantity necessary. When preparing unknowns for
analysis by students, number the item and maintain a log of this number, the constituents of the unknown,
and date prepared. This will help identify any left-over unknowns requiring disposal. Two other methods of
source reduction: never order more of a chemical until you are certain you will use up your supply on hand
by the time the new order arrives, and never order an "exotic" or special chemical for an experiment when
the materials you have on hand will work to demonstrate the principle.
9-7
Reusing Laboratory Stock
Reuse of laboratory stock (especially hazardous materials) of known type but of unknown age and
purity is a formidable task for instructors. Many experiments require fresh chemicals to obtain the desired
effects. Few instructors check the quality of old chemicals, purchasing new automatically. This practice
leads to surplus stock and, in the case of hazardous materials, leads to hazardous waste. Due to erratic
budgets for supplies, some instructors purchase large quantities of chemicals that may not be depleted
before funds are available for new stock. If stock is not rotated, the volume of materials continues to grow.
Some effective methods of reusing old stock, materials that are too exotic to use with consistency,
chemical surplus of quality hazardous materials, or chemicals that were inherited by the program, have
been developed for science instructors. These methods are simple but effective in reducing chemical stock
of a hazardous or non-hazardous nature.
☺ Develop a waste exchange in your county or district.
Provide a list of surplus chemicals available from you lab to the county science supervisor and other
31
schools in the system. Trading surplus chemicals can cut expenditures and excess chemicals are
used up. Instructors should ensure the materials are properly packaged to prevent spills during
transportation.
☺ Organize a central laboratory stock area in your county.
Ask your county science supervisor to establish a central stock area for all surplus chemicals.
Instructors should obtain materials needed from this central stock prior to trying to purchase them.

☺ Mandatory experimentation.
Ask the county science supervisor to arrange for a limited number of experiments (related to
curriculum: i.e. chemistry, physics, biology) to be performed by all the schools in your county to
deplete surplus stock in laboratory stockrooms over a period of one to two instructional years.
These are just a few of the methods used by instructors to deplete laboratory stocks. Reuse
methodologies are effective methods of reducing the amounts of hazardous materials that have to be
disposed of as hazardous waste.
9-8
Recycling Hazardous Materials
Gold, silver, copper, aluminum, cadmium, nickel, platinum, and mercury are the most recognized
laboratory substances that can be redeemed for cash after their usefulness in the laboratory has ended.
Some metals can be sold to recyclers and this money used to purchase laboratory equipment. Other
substances may be recyclable at little or no cost. Instructors should not think of this as giving away
valuable material. Instead think of it as avoiding the high cost of hazardous waste disposal. Instructors
should consider recycling alternatives to disposal whenever possible. Recycling not only saves money, it is
environmentally progressive. Consult Appendix H or search the internet for sources of recycling directories.
9-9
Alternative Uses for Hazardous Materials
Some hazardous materials can be used in other areas of the school. Common substances found in
the laboratory's surplus stock or disposable waste materials can be used in place of commercial products.
There are numerous product guides available that give information about products that can be replaced by
spent or surplus laboratory stock. Check your local bookstore, library or the internet under Home
Improvements for the latest editions of these publications.
9-10
Final Hazardous Waste List
After the instructor has determined which hazardous materials meet the criteria for reuse, recycling
and reduction alternatives, the remaining materials must be gathered and prepared for disposal. The
materials to be discarded as hazardous waste are subject to health, safety, and environmental regulations.
32
Instructors should not offer any of these materials to students or staff, dispose of them down a drain, throw
them away, incinerate them, bury them, or return them to the stockroom shelf for long term storage.
Regardless of the quantity, strict records should be kept regarding their types, quantities, and condition.
Isolate these materials in the laboratory until proper disposal activities can be executed.
The remaining hazardous waste can be offered for disposal by the laboratory instructor who has
subjected the material to all the methodologies of the hazardous waste management program to limit its
effects on the environment and the school's pocket book.
33
SECTION 10
Hazardous Waste Transport and Disposal
10-1
Overview
Hazardous waste disposal is among the most important environmental concerns in our society
today. Waste disposal statistics are alarming. As the world’s population continues to grow and industries
generate larger quantities of hazardous waste, the need for more stringent disposal controls are inevitable.
Sweeping reforms in the way we dispose of our hazardous wastes are necessary.
For instructors and administrators, these reforms will require strict monitoring of hazardous waste
management methods.
School systems contemplating disposal projects will either contract with
professional waste disposal companies or endeavor to dispose of the hazardous waste by other
conventional methods. Whichever method is chosen, the extent of disposal will be determined by the
amount of funding available.
10-2
Initiating the Disposal Process
After assembling the list of hazardous waste slated for disposal, contact the county science
supervisor and request information on the current methods of hazardous waste disposal in the county.
Some counties have active disposal programs that arrange contractor disposal assistance or partnership
programs to assist with hazardous waste disposal. Others have no program in their areas. Instructors
need to know about the disposal process in their county in order to plan the final waste removal activity.
The next step involves documentation of the types, quantities, and general condition of the
hazardous wastes slated for disposal. Data should be compiled and copies sent to the school principal,
science department chairperson, and the county science supervisor. Include a copy of the initial gross
inventory with the lists (to be used as a comparison with the final disposal list) to verify which hazardous
substances were removed from the waste stream by reusing, recycling, and reduction in volume or toxicity.
Finally, arrange a meeting with the school principal, the county science supervisor, the science
department chairperson, and yourself in order to plan the final disposition of the hazardous waste.
The school will need an EPA ID Number for disposal purposes. A temporary or permanent number
will be required based on anticipated future generation of hazardous waste.
10-3
Responsibilities of Instructors Prior to the Disposal of Hazardous Waste
34
Instructors are responsible for the hazardous waste produced and stored in their laboratory.
Therefore, they may assist in the packaging of hazardous wastes before transport. This activity is
extremely important if a disposal contractor is used for the removal of the hazardous waste from the school
laboratory. Instructors can learn the proper methods of securing hazardous substances for transport and
reduce chances that controversy over disposal fees, quantities of waste, or type of waste develop.
10-4
Hazardous Waste Contractor Responsibilities
The hazardous waste contractor should supply all the packaging materials needed to complete the
removal of hazardous waste from the school laboratory. They should also provide one or two technicians
to assist in packaging. These services are part of the disposal contract between the company and the
school system. The instructor should be present during the packing process and removal of the hazardous
waste.
Fees will vary according to the size of the disposal project and types of materials slated for
disposal.
10-5
Instructor's Responsibilities for Packaging Hazardous Waste for Volunteer Disposal
If industries are disposing of the school’s waste on a volunteer basis, the instructor may be required
to prepare the hazardous waste for transport. Instructors preparing hazardous waste for transport should
review proper packing methodologies and obtain the necessary materials needed to complete the
packaging process. These materials include (a) DOT approved containers with lids for shipping, (b)
packing material to cushion breakables, isolate substances, and absorb liquids in case of breakage, and (c)
hazardous waste transportation labels that conform to DOT shipping regulations.
10-5-1 DOT Approved Shipping Containers for Hazardous Waste
Regardless of disposal method, hazardous wastes must be sealed in containers that meet or
exceed the DOT’s minimum specifications. Containers are available through chemical supply houses or
industrial suppliers. Most schools can request these containers through the county science supervisor for
use in the disposal project. Select smaller containers that can safety be handled by you and your assistant
when they are full. Fiber drums may be easier to handle due to their light weight and easy storage.
10-5-2 Packing Material for Use in Approved DOT Containers
Packing materials used in containers for hazardous materials shipping have qualities distinguishing
them from other packing products. They must have suitable bulk to prevent containers inside from hitting
together and breaking and be able to absorb any liquid spills inside the shipping containers. Combustible
products consisting of ultra fine particles (dust) are potentially explosive and are not recommended.
35
Some types of packing materials include vermiculite, ground corn husks and corn cobs, nut hulls,
peat moss, and sand (for small containers inside shipping containers). Many of these packaging materials
can be obtained through chemical supply houses, agriculture agencies, industrial supply companies and
landscaping firms. Consult your local Yellow Pages for distributors in your area.
10-5-3 DOT Shipping Labels
An assortment of DOT shipping labels for hazardous waste transportation in the United States and
Canada can be obtained through chemical or safety supply houses, or local print shops. Application of
hazardous waste labels to shipping containers, called placarding, is required by law before transporting
hazardous waste.
10-5-4 Hazardous Waste Lab Packs
Hazardous wastes, when placed in approved DOT shipping containers and packed with buffering
materials to prevent breakage, are considered to be Lab Packed for disposal*. This means that the
hazardous wastes, contained within, can be legally transported to disposal sites with proper manifesting.
Instructors can prepare Lab Packs for hazardous waste disposal with little or no experience and
obtain professional results. The American Chemical Society (see Appendix H) provides an easy-to-follow
illustration of a Lab Pack that is the standard among disposal companies worldwide. The arrangement of
hazardous wastes is the same regardless of the type of shipping container used for disposal. However, the
wastes must be compatible and not exceed the maximum loaded weight of the shipping container.
By following guidelines, instructors can generate lab packed material with relative ease. However,
do not prepare Lab Packs more than three months prior to removal from the school laboratory due to
compliance regulations. If a problem arises that prevents the removal of the Lab Packs from the school,
the instructor should seek alternative storage sites for these materials. Contact the county science
supervisor for assistance or call a WVDEP representative.
Hazardous waste with the following EPA Hazardous Waste Codes may not be placed in lab packs
under the alternative lab pack treatment standards of 40 CFR §268.42(c): D009, F019, K003, D004, K005,
K006, K062, K071, K100, K106, P010, P011, P012, P076, U134, U151.
10-6
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Schools generating more than 220 pounds of hazardous waste per calendar month must include a
properly prepared and signed Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest (OMB Form Number 2050-0039) with
36
each shipment of hazardous waste. Manifest forms may be obtained from several sources including
industrial supply stores, print shops, and hazardous waste contractors. The manifest must include the
school’s name, address, phone number, EPA ID Number, the US DOT description of the waste, as well as
the number and type of containers.
Contractors who pick up hazardous waste may assist in completing the manifest form; however, it is
the responsibility of the instructor to ensure the information on the manifest is correct. The instructor must
sign the manifest certifying that the information provided is correct. A copy of the manifest signed by a
representative of the treatment, storage, or disposal facility will be returned to the school. This copy should
be kept on file for a minimum of three years. This is your proof that the hazardous waste was properly
disposed.
10-7 Transportation
Conditionally exempt generators of less than 220 pounds per month may transport their own
properly packaged and labeled hazardous waste to a permitted treatment, storage, disposal, or transfer
facility" without using a manifest and without being a licensed transporter. A "transfer facility" is a
transportation terminal or bulking station where transporters may hold shipments of hazardous waste for
less than ten days during transportation. A transfer facility may be a temporary or permanent location and
may include vehicle parking areas, loading docks and similar areas. A generator facility (i.e. one school)
may qualify as a central transfer facility (for other schools) if the waste is not stored on site for more than
ten days.
Generators of more than 220 pounds of hazardous waste in any one calendar month must ensure
their waste is hauled by a licensed hazardous waste transporter, and that all packing, labeling, and
manifesting requirements are met.
10-8
Non-hazardous Wastes
Non-hazardous solids can usually be discarded and transported to a local landfill for disposal.
Check with a WVDEP representative for rules on specific substances. Also, guidelines developed by the
U.S. Department of Transportation require proper handling and packaging of transported materials on
public highways. Abiding by these guidelines is mandatory. Also, inventory lists of the disposal materials
must be provided to the landfill prior to disposal.
Non-hazardous liquids, with some exceptions, can usually be diluted with tap water and discharged
to a local Public Owned Treatment Works (POTW) or other Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) with
37
their permission.
POTWs and WWTPs are facilities designed for treatment of domestic sewage.
Regulated under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), they vary greatly in design
and treatment technology. They are not generally designed to accept and treat heavy metals, ignitable
wastes or pesticides. DO NOT discharge any lab waste to a POTW until you have obtained from them a
written agreement specifying exactly what chemical wastes and quantity. DO NOT discharge any lab waste
to a septic tank, leachfield, or package plant.
Many non-hazardous substances can be removed from the waste stream and used in other
activities. Reusable cleaners, soaps, oils, antifreeze, fertilizers, pesticides, and similar substances can be
removed and used in the laboratory or elsewhere in the school. Always seek to reuse or recycle nonhazardous materials as one method of reducing the quantity of waste, and to set an example for others.
Appendix H suggests references that can help science instructors find uses for many non-hazardous
wastes as opposed to sending the substances down the drain or to the landfills.
10-9
Disposal Dilemmas: Dealing with the Unexpected
Undoubtedly, the worst end to a hazardous waste management project is one where nothing
happens. A carefully orchestrated management project can fail at a time when the painstaking activities of
inventory, volume reduction, and lab packing processes have been completed. Nothing remains except
loading the hazardous waste onto a transport for final disposal. How could the project end without shipping
the waste materials for disposal after successful reuse, recycling and volume reduction techniques were
used? What went wrong?
The answer may be a simple lack of funds for contracted waste removal. Few school administrators
have the budget needed for waste removal activities by licensed contractors. Others have not realized that
their laboratories, which are overstocked and unsafe for students and staff, will eventually be forced into
proper disposal to improve the health and safety conditions of the schools. How do schools finish their
disposal projects without the necessary funding? The next section proposes possible solutions to this
dilemma.
38
SECTION 11
Alternatives to Disposal Costs
11-1
Overview
Instructors throughout the country, report a problem familiar to school systems attempting
hazardous waste management projects: a lack of money to cover the costs of professional disposal. Lack
of funding curtails even the best developed hazardous waste management projects. However, there are
alternatives which help to offset the costs of hazardous waste disposal.
11-2
Choosing Alternatives for Hazardous Waste Disposal
Instructors should research alternative methods to disposal of hazardous waste that are successful
in their region. Some options available to laboratories are designed to remove hazardous wastes at little or
no cost to the school. These consist of manifesting the hazardous waste to research laboratories, colleges
or universities to be used in training others regarding hazardous waste accumulation in laboratories.
Consolidating hazardous wastes for disposal with wastes generated by other facilities is another alternative.
You must choose the option that provides the services necessary to dispose of hazardous waste and
remain within your budget.
Although you may have contracted with others to handle the disposal of your hazardous wastes, the
responsibility to provide manifests, proper packaging, and proper labeling before shipment still falls on your
shoulders as the generator of the hazardous waste.
11-3
Alternative Sources of Hazardous Waste Disposal Assistance
School systems have obtained beneficial hazardous waste management assistance from various
sources. Science instructors should do everything possible to facilitate waste disposal activities with these
organizations and other waste management specialists.
*Alternative Sources of Disposal Assistance*
 Industrial volunteers. Some industries have disposal capabilities or will fund hazardous waste disposal for
schools on a regular basis once contact is established.
 Neighboring schools. A group of schools or school systems can develop a joint hazardous waste
management project for their mutual benefit. Some schools may have disposal funds but lack the expertise to
develop their own disposal project. By working as a team, all schools benefit where none could succeed
alone.
 Colleges and universities. These institutions can help in planning waste management activities and
in disposing of your hazardous wastes. Use their services to plan activities in your hazardous
waste management program.
39
 The Regional Education Service Agency (RESA) coordinator in your district can provide information
and help in waste management projects for school laboratories.
 WVDEP, Division of Waste Management can provide help in identifying and removing hazardous
waste from your school laboratory. They can also assist in finding waste disposal opportunities.
 Household Hazardous Waste Cleanup campaigns. Many schools have received permission to
commingle their hazardous waste with the community’s Household Hazardous Wastes for little or
no extra charge by the disposal company.
11-4
Working with Volunteer Disposal Providers
Once a commitment has been secured from a provider or state or federal agency, it is imperative
that a plan be developed for the final disposal of the hazardous waste. Encourage the provider to
determine the best method of transferal of the hazardous waste and suggest ways that the instructor can
help. Remember, if the material you are wanting to dispose of is a hazardous waste and can not be used
or effectively neutralized using methods described in this booklet, it must be disposed of by a licensed,
permitted treatment / storage / disposal facility.
Also, establish a definite disposal date and alternatives in the early meetings to allow for
unpredictable schedule changes. Be accommodating in the choice of dates and times for disposal
transactions.
Document exactly what chemicals were involved in the disposal project, including quantities.
Maintain documentation of dates, places, names of all personnel and companies involved, as well as how
and where the chemicals were taken for later use or disposal. You should keep this documentation for a
minimum of three years from the completion date of the disposal project.
11-5
Follow-up after the Project is Finished
Science instructors should express their gratitude to the waste disposal provider, the principal, the
science chairperson, county science supervisor, and any other contributor who has helped with the disposal
project. It is important to acknowledge that without their help, the process would have been more difficult or
would have failed completely. In some cases recognition in school newsletters, letters to the editor of the
local paper, a personal letter to their supervisor, or other forms of public recognition may be appropriate.
It may seem that this display of eternal gratitude is overdone . However, it may be necessary to
solicit help for another hazardous waste disposal project from these individuals in the future.
40
SECTION 12
Evaluating a Hazardous Waste Disposal Project
12-1
Overview
In order to assess the effectiveness of a waste disposal project, an evaluation of each phase needs
to be performed by the instructor and assistants. Hazardous waste management projects have multiple
goals; therefore, an evaluation of all phases is essential to prove the net worth of the process. To simply
say that money was saved, would not do justice to the complexity of the project. In addition, the final
disposal of the hazardous waste must be evaluated to determine if the process has succeeded or failed.
Without a separate evaluation of each phase, it is difficult to determine which phases of the project
were acceptable or unacceptable when reviewing the project as a whole. An evaluation sets the standard
for improvements to future waste management projects. Moreover, instructors and assistants need to
review their own performances in the disposal process in order to improve their performance in the next
waste management project. Their input, in the process, is directly proportional to the success or failure of
the waste disposal project.
12-2
Evaluating The Waste Management Project
The easiest method for evaluating a waste management project is to prepare a report of the
activities undertaken over the course of the entire project. This report should be forwarded to the waste
disposal provider, principal, vice principal, county science supervisor, science chairperson, and any one
else who provided services during the disposal process. This report could be the basis of a press release
to announce completion of the project. The report should include information regarding:

Pre-planning meetings with administrators and science supervisors.

A brief summary of the project's activities.

A calendar of major milestones in the project.

A summary of expenses incurred that were directly related to the project.

A summary of the time (person hours) spent on the project.

A description of the final disposition of the hazardous waste from the laboratory, including manifests and
copies of the pre- and post-disposal inventories.

Photographs of the disposal activity, if available.

The significance of the project, and how it benefited the school system.

Specific problems encountered in the disposal process with recommendations on improving performance.

A plan for managing future lab wastes, including both accumulation and disposal procedures.
41
With this information, the report lends credibility to the efforts of the science instructor and project
participants. Reviewing this type of report, of your own or a similar school, before planning a waste
management project will provide insight into overcoming potential problems.
12-3
A Final Comment on the Evaluation
This evaluation is not required by any state or federal agency. It is the science instructor's personal
account of the disposal project process which can be used to plan future activities and establish a basis for
developing a hazardous waste management plan in the school laboratory. It is only a management tool.
42
SECTION 13
Minimizing Hazardous Waste Accumulation
13-1
Overview
Preventing the accumulation of hazardous waste in school laboratories after implementing a
comprehensive hazardous waste management project program is the ultimate test. Through reuse,
recycling, limited acquisition, reduction, and purchasing practices, many schools can curtail the generation
of hazardous waste without compromising the integrity of the laboratory course.
A waste audit team can also provide assistance to instructors contemplating waste management
projects or designing waste reduction programs.
13-2
Minimizing Hazardous Waste Accumulation in Laboratories
Instructors can minimize hazardous waste generation by conducting experiments which produce
lesser amounts of hazardous waste. Instructors can prevent accumulation of hazardous waste by
developing alternatives to activities that produce hazardous waste. Instructors committed to modifying
waste streams and limiting hazardous waste accumulation, are less likely to violate compliance regulations,
incur exorbitant disposal fees, and purchase hazardous materials without reason.
13-3
Communication on a Larger Scale
What if you accidentally order too much? What if next year's textbook no longer contains the
experiment that used a particular chemical you have in stock? What if you're the new instructor and
"inherited" chemicals in good condition that you don't plan to use? Many stockrooms with overburdened
shelves of chemicals with fading labels arose from one of those instances. Keeping excess stock for a year
or two in case it is needed may not be considered hoarding, but if the expiration date is approaching and
you still have no use for the material, the supplier may take it back if it is unopened, or there may still be
someone who can use it.
Unfortunately West Virginia as a whole does not currently have a chemical waste exchange
program, although it still remains an eventual goal. Some individual counties attempting chemical
exchanges within their school system have met with some success. Occasionally there has been success
exchanging chemicals between counties. Now that the majority of instructors have internet access,
communication of excess stock or need for a particular chemical can be shared on a larger scale. Various
other states and companies have websites with information on what chemicals they wish to acquire, sell or
donate. You may want to explore these sites as well as communicate with other science instructors in
other counties and states, in both public and private schools, colleges and universities. Keep in mind no
one wants obviously aged, discolored, or unidentified materials, or materials not in the original container.
43
13-4
When and How?
Instructors and administrators should realize that waste management activities are not developed
and put into operation overnight. Neither are the benefits reaped overnight. Reducing the purchase of
hazardous chemicals for experiments this year may not show huge savings in the science budget.
However, disposal costs could decline over the next three to five years by an amount that exceeds monies
spent on all chemical purchases for the last twenty years! Thus, most savings due to hazardous waste
management projects are realized when reduced volumes of waste are processed at the end of the year or
in subsequent years.
It is the responsibility of the instructor to develop and implement a waste management program,
monitor its effectiveness, and modify its activities to meet the challenges of the laboratory courses. Many
activities contribute to a successful program of minimizing or preventing hazardous waste generation. A
short list of these activities which have proven to be effective for instructors in school laboratories follows.
*Hazardous Waste Minimization Activities*
 Adopt micro-chemistry techniques into the laboratory curriculum for experiments and
demonstrations.
 Purchase fewer hazardous materials for special projects and demonstrations.
 Replace hazardous-waste-generating experiments with comparable non-hazardous-generatingexperiments.
 Develop reuse, recycling, and reduction programs for hazardous materials.
 Limit the acquisition of hazardous materials from Partnership Programs (See Section 13-5).
 Maintain a good inventory of the chemical stockroom.
 Develop hazardous waste audit teams for your school district composed of other science
professionals (See Section 13-6).
 Design a comprehensive waste management program for the laboratory to control hazardous and
non-hazardous waste accumulations.
 Rotate laboratory reagents on shelves in order to deplete existing supplies of hazardous materials
before they become outdated.
 Enlist the aid of industry, colleges, and universities or state agencies to help dispose of hazardous
waste from your laboratory.
 Take advantage of waste water exemptions where available:
 Specifically identified mixtures of lab solvents which are exempted under both the Federal
Hazardous Waste Management Regulations and the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) regulations providing they do not exceed a specified
44
concentration at the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) or Public Owned Treatment
Works (POTW) headworks. These can be found in 40CFR Part 261.3(a)(2)(iv)(A and B),
but are not relevant to one-time large scale disposal.
 Waste water from lab operations containing specifically listed toxic hazardous wastes may
be exempted if the annual average of lab wastewater does not exceed 1% of the total
wastewater into the headworks of the facility. The specifics of this exemption can be found
in 40CFR Part 261.3(a)(2)(iv)(E), but are not relevant to one-time large scale disposal.
 De minimis losses from manufacturing processes-- specifically waste from minor leaks,
spills, cleaning of personnel protective equipment, safety shower discharges, and rinsate
from cleaning containers. Tiny amounts (generally less than 5 grams) of residue from
cleaning test tubes and other lab apparatus generally falls under this exemption also.
13-5
Acquiring Hazardous Wastes
Some schools are fortunate to have Partnership Programs with industry. This activity provides
necessary laboratory equipment and reagents for schools whose science budgets are limited. However,
instructors should be aware that hazardous materials which cannot be used in experiments or
demonstrations may be packed among the laboratory apparatus, reagents, and other assorted
paraphernalia. These hazardous materials become hazardous wastes requiring professional disposal. By
putting these substances on the stockroom shelves, the instructor is in danger of reversing the conditions
the waste management project was designed to achieve.
Be gracious, but selective, when acquiring materials, especially chemicals, from Partnership
Programs. If the desired apparatus and chemicals cannot be separated from the bulk packages, it would
be wise to pass on the shipment. The instructor should never accept hazardous materials which can not be
used, reused, recycled, or reduced in volume.
13-6
Got Waste?
Inevitably an active lab will generate some waste, hazardous, non-hazardous or both. A waste
management plan that outlines how such wastes will be identified, accumulated, length of storage, and final
disposal method is needed for each lab. Since the entire facility at a particular location is considered one
site in terms of hazardous waste generation, collection and storage of other hazardous wastes from that
facility should also be taken into account.
If you routinely generate hazardous waste that is not exempted under the regulations (see Section 13-2):
(1) Complete a Notification of Regulated Waste Activity form available from the Charleston
Office by calling 304-926-0465.
45
(2) Properly containerize your waste and manage it safely.
--This includes clearly labeling the container as waste and exactly what waste is in
it, keeping the container closed unless you are adding or removing waste, placing
the container in a safe place.
(3) Have your waste disposed of by a licensed, permitted hazardous waste treatment or
disposal facility. We recommend this be done at least annually.
With few exceptions, most schools are placed in the Conditionally Exempt Generator status of
hazardous waste generation once they submit a Notification of Regulated Waste Activity form. The
following requirements apply to Conditionally Exempt Generators of hazardous waste:
Applicability
A.
Facilities that generate less than 100 kgs/month (220 lbs/month) of a non-acute hazardous
waste [waste codes beginning with D, F, K, or U].
B.
Facilities that generate less than 1 kg/month (2.2 lbs/month) of an acute hazardous waste
[waste code beginning with P].
Requirements
A.
Generators shall determine if their waste is hazardous by testing or through knowledge of the
waste's characteristics.
B.
Generators must notify of hazardous waste activity using EPA Form 8700-12 (Notification of
Regulated Waste Activity).
C.
Generators may store their waste indefinitely on-site without a permit if:
1. A total of less than 1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) of hazardous waste is accumulated on site.
2. The wastes are transported to an authorized facility.
D.
Generators must keep a written record, preferably manifests, specifying:
1. The quantity and type of hazardous waste disposed.
2. The date(s) the wastes were transported off-site.
3. The final disposition of the wastes.
13-7
Organizing Hazardous Waste Audit Teams
One method of providing quality feedback for hazardous waste management plans is to organize a
hazardous waste audit team for laboratories in the school district. It should consist of science instructors, a
health and safety officer, a representative from industry, a college or university chemistry instructor, and a
hazardous waste representative from the WVDEP.
46
Upon request these individuals could inspect the school laboratory, review curriculum, offer advice
on alternative experiments, and suggest improvements to hazardous waste management programs. In
addition the audit team could assist in waste disposal projects and help interpret state and federal
regulations.
The primary benefits provided by audit teams include:
☺
☺
☺
☺
Elimination of expensive hazardous waste disposal consulting fees.
In-house training for laboratory instructors on issues of environmental compliance,
safety and health, and process changes in industry that affect waste disposal.
Technology transfer
demonstrations.
of
state-of-the-art
laboratory
experimentation
and
Provide a buffer between the instructor and regulatory agencies.
The development of a strong waste audit team should be a priority in all school systems that desire
to reduce the hazardous waste stream from their laboratories. Audit teams make a difference!
47
APPENDICES
48
APPENDIX A: Chemical Use / Storage / Transport / Disposal Guidelines
This is a partial (and ever-growing) database of chemicals which have been found in school
laboratories over the past ten years. Your laboratory may have chemicals which you wish to discard and
which are not on this list. If you are unable to identify your chemical wastes as hazardous or non-hazardous
using this manual, or if you need additional guidance or clarification, please contact your local WVDEPDWWM representative. DO NOT GUESS! Should you have additional information which you believe should
be added to this list, please contact a WVDEP-DWWM representative (page 85). Appropriate protective
clothing (aprons, goggles, gloves) is recommended for all laboratory work. Use of a fume hood is also
recommended for any volatile chemicals.
If you are using the printed manual, Appendix A is the series of un-numbered pages that follow.
Directions for using the spreadsheet begin on page 50, the next numbered page.
If you are using the manual on computer disk, you have a choice of either Appendix_A.xls (Excel
version = recommended) or Appendix_A.doc (MS Word version). Directions for using the spreadsheet begin
on page 50 of this document. To find a particular chemical by name use the "Edit", then "Find" features on the
toolbar. Type in the name or first few letters of the chemical you are looking for, then hit "Enter".
Unfortunately, the columns in the Excel format have no titles. The column titles, in order from left to right, are:
Chemical Name, Form (Solid/Liquid/etc), Storage Code, and Disposal Method.
49
Instructions for Using Attachment A:
This is an alphabetized chemical inventory. From right to left the columns are:
CHEMICAL NAME: This includes common, technical, and archaic names and spellings for most
commonly used chemicals.
FORM:
S=solid, L = liquid, P = powder, G = gas
FLINN STORAGE CATEGORY (refer to Appendix C) -- for compatibility during storage of
chemical products only, this is one of several methods of grouping chemicals with like
properties. If you are already using such a method you do not need to change.
DISPOSAL INFORMATION:
Four-unit codes beginning with D, F, K, P, or U (e.g. U223) = indicates the waste chemical
is a hazardous waste which must be disposed of by a licensed disposal facility, such as
Safety Kleen.
Landfill = This may go to a permitted municipal landfill upon obtaining a letter of acceptance
from them. Send list of items sorted by Flinn Category that you wish to landfill to the
landfill. When accepted, sort materials by Flinn Category & place in cardboard
boxes. Pour clay litter or vermiculite around the containers.
Drain = may be poured down a sanitary sewer connected to a POTW while running water and
continue running water for at least 15 minutes afterward. Get permission from your
Local POTW first. Do Not drain chemicals having different Flinn Categories the same
day. Do Not drain more than 1 gallon of chemical per day without written permission
from the POTW. Do Not use this method if you have only a package plant, septic tank
or leachfield!
Neutralize , Dilute & Drain = neutralize pH to between 4 and 9, dilute at least 5 parts water to
1 part solution, then drain following Drain instructions above. With strong acids, you
may have to dilute 1 part acid to 100 parts water first, then begin neutralization.
Evaporate = current USEPA hotline assistance advises it is safe to pour this material into a
shallow pan and place outside in a well-ventilated area.
Also under Disposal information you may find comments that should be closely observed regarding
explosives, temperature sensitivity, and DEA regulated substances.
50
APPENDIX B
Chemical Inventory Form
Name of school:
Street address:
City/County:____________________
Name of person taking inventory:
Date: _______________________
CHEMICAL
FORM
(Print Neatly)
(S / L / P / G)
EPA
CODE
AMOUNT
(okay to estimate)
COMMENTS
*Hazardous waste with the following EPA Hazardous Waste Codes are not to be placed in lab packs under the alternative lab pack treatment standards of
40 CFR 268.42(c): D009, F019, K003, D004, K005, K006, K062, K071, K100, K106, P010, P011, P012, P076, U134, U151.
51
APPENDIX C
General Compatibility List
Laboratory chemicals should be separated into their organic and inorganic families and then divided into
their compatible families for storage. A list of chemical classes which are usually compatible is provided below.
Organic and inorganic chemicals on the same line are not necessarily compatible. This is reprinted from the
Flinn Chemical and Biological Catalog & Reference Manual. If you already have such a method for storing your
chemicals, you do not need to change. Storing chemicals in alphabetical order only can be dangerous and is
not recommended.
FLINN COMPATIBLE CHEMICAL FAMILY CODES
ORGANICS
INORGANICS
O1
Acids, Amino Acids, Anhydrides, Peracids
I1
Metals, Hydrides
O2
Alcohols, Glycols, Sugars, Amines, Amides,
Imines, Imides
I2
Acetates, Halides, Iodides, Sulfates, Sulfites,
Thiosulfates, Phosphates, Halogens
O3
Hydrocarbons, Esters, Aldehydes, Oils
I3
Amides, Nitrates (except Ammonium Nitrate),
Nitrites, Azides*
O4
Ethers, Ketones, Ketenes, Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, Ethylene Oxide
I4
Hydroxides, Oxides, Silicates, Carbonates, Carbon
O5
Epoxy Compounds, Isocyanates
I5
Sulfides, Selenides, Phosphides, Carbides, Nitrides
O6
Peroxides, Hydroperoxides, Azides*
I6
Chlorates, Bromates, Iodates, Chlorites,
Hypochlorites, Perchlorates*, Perchloric Acid*,
Peroxides*, Hydrogen Peroxide
O7
Sulfides, Polysulfides, Sulfoxides, Nitriles
I7
Arsenates, Cyanides*, Cyanates
O8
Phenols, Cresols
I8
Borates, Chromates, Manganates, Permanganates
O9
Dyes, Stains, Indicators
I9
Acids, (except Nitric Acid which should be isolated
and stored by itself)
OM
Miscellaneous Organics
I10
--
---------------------------------
IM
Sulfur, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Phosphorus
Pentoxide*
Miscellaneous Inorganics
*Potentially unstable compounds. Handle with extreme care!
52
APPENDIX D
Chemical Incompatibilies
This list contains specific chemicals which are incompatible with other chemicals to the extent that they may
produce hazardous situations if improperly mixed in laboratory sinks, waste receptacles or landfills.
CHEMICAL NAME
Acetic acid
INCOMPATIBLE WITH
Nitric acid, peroxides, permanganates, ethylene glycol, hydroxyl compounds, perchloric acid, or chromic
acid
Acetone
Concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids
Acetylene
Bromine, chlorine, fluorine, copper, silver, mercury, and their compounds
Alkali metals
Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, water, halogens
Alkaline metals (Powdered
aluminum or magnesium)
Carbon tetrachloride, other chlorinated hydrocarbons, halogens, carbon dioxide
Ammonnia, anhydrous
Mercury, hydrogen fluoride, calcium hypochlorite, chlorine, bromine
Ammonium nitrate
Acids, flammable liquids, metal powders, sulfur, chlorates, any organic or combustible fines
Aniline
Nitric acid and Hydrogen peroxide
Bromine, Chlorine
Ammonia, petroleum gases, hydrogen, sodium, benzine, finely divided metals
Carbon (activated)
Calcium hypochlorite and all oxidizers
Chlorates
Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, and finely divided combustible substances
Chromic acid
Glacial acetic acid, camphor, glycerin, naphthalene, turpentine, light weight alcohols, and many
flammable liquids
Copper
Acetylene and hydrogen peroxide
Flammable liquids
Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, peroxides, nitric acid, and the halogens
Hydrocarbons (propane,
benzene, gasoline, etc.)
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, sodium peroxide, and chromic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Ammonia (aqueous and anhydrous)
Hydrogen peroxide
Most metals and their salts, alcohols, organic substances, any flammable substances.
Hydrogen sulfide
Oxidizing gases, fuming nitric acid
Iodine
Acetylene, ammonia, and hydrogen
Mercury
Acetylene, ammonia
Nitric Acid (concentrated)
Acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids and gases, chromic acid, aniline
Oxygen
Oils, grease, hydrogen, flammable liquids, flammable solids, and flammable gases
Perchloric acid
Acetic anhydride, bismuth & its alloys, alcohols, paper, wood, and other organic materials
Phosphorous pentoxide
Water
Potassium chlorate
Sulfuric and other acids, any organic materials
Potassium permanganate
Sulfuric acid, glycerine, ethylene glycol
Silver
Acetylene, ammonia compounds, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid
Sodium peroxide
Ethyl or methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, carbon disulfide, glycerine, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate
Sulfuric acid
Potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, similar compounds of other light
metals
53
APPENDIX E
List 1 - Substances whose hazardous nature is greater than potential usefulness.
Assessment of the chemicals in this list indicates that they pose a greater hazard than their potential usefulness in
many secondary school programs. Evaluation included toxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, flammability, and
explosive propensity.
Acrylonitrile
Ammonium chromate
Aniline
Aniline hydrochloride
Anthracene
Antimony trichloride
Arsenic
Arsenic chloride
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic trioxide
Asbestos
Ascarite
Benzene
Benzoyl peroxide
Calcium cynanide
Calcium flouride
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Chloral hydrate
Chloretone
Chloroform
Chloropromazine
Chromium
Chromium oxide
Chromium potassium sulfate
Chromium trioxide
Colchicine
Dichlorobenzene
Dichloroethane
Dimethylaniline
p-Dioxane
Diphenyl ester carbonic acid
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene oxide
Hexachlorophene
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen
Hydriodic acid
Indigo carmine
Lead arsenate
Lead carbonate
Lead (VI) carbonate
Lithium, metal
Lithium nitrate
Magnesium metal (powder)
Mercury
Mercuric chloride
Mesitylene
Methyl iodine
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl orange
Methyl red
Nickel oxide, metal
Nicotine
Osmium tetroxide
Oxygen (tank)
Paris green
Phenol
Phosphorus pentoxide
Phthalic anhydride
Picric acid
Potassium, metal
Potassium oxalate
Potassium sulfide
Pyridine
Pyrogallic acid
Gunpowder
54
Saccharin
Selenium
Silver cyanide
Silver oxide
Silver nitrate
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium azide
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide
Sodium dichloroindophenol
Sodium, metal
Sodium ferrocyanide
Sodium nitrite
Sodium sulfide
Sodium thiocyanate
Stannic chloride
Stearic acid
Strontium
Strontium nitrate
Sudan IV
Sulfuric acid, fumic
Tannic acid
Tetrabromoethane
Thermite and compounds
Thioacetamide
Thiourea
Titanium trichloride
o-Toluidine
Uranium
Uranyl acetate
Uranyl nitrate
Urethane
Vinylite
Wood’s metal
List 2- Substances whose hazardous nature may be greater than potential usefulness
The following chemicals should be removed from the schools if alternatives can be used. For those that must be
retained, amounts should be kept to a minimum.
Acetamide
Dichloroindophenol
Nickel carbonate
Acid green
2,4-Dinitrophenol
Nickelous acetate
Ammonium oxalate
Ferrous sulfate
Paradichlorobenzene
Ammonium vanadate
Formaldehyde
Pentane
Antimony
Formalin
Petroleum ether
Antimony oxide
Fuchsin
1-Phenyl-2-thiourea
Aluminum bichromate
Antimony potassium tartrate
Phenylthiocarbamide
Gasoline
Potassium chlorate
Barium chloride
Potassium chromate
Barium oxalate
Hematoxylin
Potassium periodate
Benzene
Hydrogen sulfide
Potassium permanganate
Beryllium carbonate
Hydroquinone
Bonine fluid
Bromine
Cadmium acetate
Salol
Iso-amyl alcohol
Sodium bromate
Iso-butyl alcohol
Sodium chlorate
Iso-pentyl alcohol
Sodium fluoride
Cadmium bromide
Sodium oxalate
Cadmium carbonate
Magnesium chlorate
Sodium nitrate
Cadmium, metal
Mercuric bichloride
Sodium silicofluoride
Cadmium sulfate
Mercuric iodide
Sudan III
Carmine
Mercuric nitrate
Sulfamethazine
Catechol
Mercuric oxide
Chromic acid
Mercuric sulfate
Toluene
Chromium acetate
Mercuric sulfide
Trichloroethylene
Cobalt, metal
Mercurous chloride
Cobalt nitrate
Mercurous nitrate
Cyclohexane
Mercurous oxide
Cyclohexene
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl oleate
55
Urethane
Xylene
Appendix F
Lists of Hazardous Wastes by Types
Regulation
EPA HW Number
40 CFR
40
CFR
261.21
40
CFR
261.22
40
CFR
261.23
"
"
261.24
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
D001
D002
D003
D004
D005
D018
D006
D019
D020
D021
D022
D007
D023
D024
D025
D026
D016
D027
D028
D029
D030
D012
D031
D032
D033
D034
D008
D013
D009
D014
D035
D036
D037
D038
D010
D011
D039
D015
D040
D041
D042
D017
D043
Characteristic Hazardous Waste
Ignitable Waste
Corrosive Waste
Reactive Waste
TCLP Arsenic
TCLP Barium
TCLP Benzene
TCLP Cadmium
TCLP Carbon Tetrachloride
TCLP Chlordane
TCLP Chlorobenzene
TCLP Chloroform
TCLP Chromium
TCLP o-Cresol
TCLP m-Cresol
TCLP p-Cresol
TCLP Cresol
TCLP 2,4-D
TCLP 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
TCLP 1,2-Dichloroethane
TCLP 1,1-Dichloroethylene
TCLP 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
TCLP Endrin
TCLP Heptachlor (and its epoxide)
TCLP Hexachlorobenzene
TCLP Hexachlorobutadiene
TCLP Hexachloroethane
TCLP Lead
TCLP Lindane
TCLP Mercury
TCLP Methoxychlor
TCLP Methyl ethyl ketone
TCLP Nitrobenzene
TCLP Pentachlorophenol
TCLP Pyridine
TCLP Selenium
TCLP Silver
TCLP Tetrachloroethylene
TCLP Toxaphene
TCLP Trichloroethylene
TCLP 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
TCLP 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
TCLP 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
TCLP Vinyl chloride
56
Regulatory Level (mg/L)
---------------5.0
100.0
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.03
100.0
6.0
5.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
10.0
7.5
0.5
0.7
0.13
0.02
0.008
0.13
0.5
3.0
5.0
0.4
0.2
10.0
200.0
2.0
100.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
0.7
0.5
0.5
400.0
2.0
1.0
0.2
EPA HW
Number
Hazardous Waste From Non-Specific Sources
(40 CFR §261.31)
The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing: Tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, 1,1,1F001
trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorinated fluorocarbons; all spent solvent mixtures/blends used in degreasing containing,
before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in
F002, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
The following spent halogenated solvents:
Tetrachloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
chlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, ortho-dichlorobenzene, trichlorofluoromethane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane; all
F002
spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above
halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F001, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents
and spent solvent mixtures.
The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Xylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, methyl isobutyl ketone, nbutyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, and methanol; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, only the above spent non-
F003
halogenated solvents; and all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, one or more of the above non-halogenated
solvents, and, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents or those solvents
listed in F001, F002, F004, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Cresols and cresylic acid, and nitrobenzene; all spent solvent mixtures/blends
F004
containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by volume) of one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents or those
solvents listed in F001, F002, and F005; and still bottoms from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
The following spent non-halogenated solvents: Toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon disulfide, isobutanol, pyridine, benzene, 2-
F005
ethoxyethanol, and 2-nitropropane; all spent solvent mixtures/blends containing, before use, a total of ten percent or more (by
volume) of one or more of the above non-halogenated solvents or those solvents listed in F001, F002, and F004; and still bottoms
from the recovery of these spent solvents and spent solvent mixtures.
Wastewater treatment sludges from electroplating operations except from the following processes: (1) Sulfuric acid anodizing of
F006
aluminum; (2) tim plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on carbon steel; (4) aluminum or zinc-aluminum plating
on carbon steel; (5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc and aluminum plating on carbon steel; and (6) chemical etching and
milling of aluminum.
F007
Spent cyanide plating bath solutions from electroplating operations.
F008
Plating bath residues from the bottom of plating baths from electroplating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F009
Spent stripping and cleaning bath solutions from electroplating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F010
Quenching bath residues from oil baths from metal heat treating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F011
Spent cyanide solutions from salt bath pot cleaning from metal heat treating operations.
F012
Quenching waste water treatment sludges from metal heat treating operations where cyanides are used in the process.
F019
Wastewater treatment sludges from the chemical conversion coating of aluminum except from zirconium phosphating in aluminum can
washing when such phosphating is an exclusive conversion coating process.
Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production or manufacturing use (as a
F020
reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tri- or tetrachlorophenol, or of intermediates used to
produce their pesticide derivatives. (This listing does not include wastes from the production of Hexachlorophene from highl y
purified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.).
Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production or manufacturing use (as a
F021
reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of pentachlorophenol, or of intermediates used to produce
its derivatives.
57
EPA HW
Number
F022
Hazardous Waste From Non-Specific Sources
(40 CFR §261.31)
Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical
intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tetra-, penta-, or hexachlorobenzenes under alkaline conditions.
Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials on equipment
F023
previously used for the production or manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating
process) of tri-, and tetrachlorophenols. (This listing does not include wastes from equipment used only for the production of
Hexachlorophene from highly purified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.).
Process wastes, including but not limited to, distillation residues, heavy ends, tars, and reactor clean-out wastes, from the production
of certain chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by free radical catalyzed processes. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are
F024
those having carbon chain lengths ranging from one to and including five, with varying amounts and positions of chlorine
substitution. (This listing does not include wastewaters, wastewater treatment sludges, spent catalysts, and wastes listed in 261.31
or 261.32.).
Condensed light ends, spent filters and filter aids, and spent desiccant wastes from the production of certain chlorinated aliphatic
F025
hydrocarbons, by free radical catalyzed processes. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons are those having carbon chain lengths
ranging from one to and including five, with varying amounts and positions of chlorine substitution.
Wastes (except wastewater and spent carbon from hydrogen chloride purification) from the production of materials on equipment
F026
previously used for the manufacturing use (as a reactant, chemical intermediate, or component in a formulating process) of tetra-,
penta-, or hexachlorobenzene under alkaline conditions.
Discarded unused formulations containing tri-, tetra-, or pentachlorophenol or discarded unused formulations containing compounds
F027
derived from these chlorophenols. (This listing does not include formulations containing Hexachlorophene synthesized from
prepurified 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as the sole component.).
F028
Residues resulting from the incineration or thermal treatment of soil contaminated with EPA Hazardous Waste Nos. F020, F021, F022,
F023, F026, and F027.
Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants), process residuals, preservative drippage, and
spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that currently use or have previously used chlorophenolic
formulations (except potentially cross-contaminated wastes that have had the F032 waste code deleted in accordance with 261.35
F032
of this chapter or potentially cross-contaminated wastes that are otherwise currently regulated as hazardous wastes (i.e., F034 or
F035), and where the generator does not resume or initiate use of chlorophenolic formulations). This listing does not include K001
bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or
pentachlorophenol.
Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants), process residuals, preservative drippage, and
F034
spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use creosote formulations. This listing does not include
K001 bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or
pentachlorophenol.
Wastewaters (except those that have not come into contact with process contaminants), process residuals. preservative drippage. and
F035
spent formulations from wood preserving processes generated at plants that use inorganic preservatives containing arsenic or
chromium. This listing does not include K001 bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewater from wood preserving
processes that use creosote and/or pentachlorophenol.
58
EPA HW
Number
Hazardous Waste From Non-Specific Sources
(40 CFR §261.31)
Petroleum refinery primary oil/water/solids separation sludge-Any sludge generated from the gravitational separation of oil/water/solids
during the storage or treatment of process wastewaters and oily cooling wastewaters from petroleum refineries. Such sludges
include, but are not limited to, those generated in: oil/water/solids separators; tanks and impoundments; ditches and other
F037
conveyances; sumps; and stormwater units receiving dry weather flow. Sludge generated in stormwater units that do not receive dry
weather flow, sludges generated from non-contact once-through cooling waters segregated for treatment from other process or oily
cooling waters, sludges generated in aggressive biological treatment units as defined in 261.31 (b)(2) (including sludges generated
in one or more additional units after wastewaters have been treated in aggressive biological treatment units) and K051 wastes are
not included in this listing.
Petroleum refinery secondary (emulsified) oil/water/solids separation sludge--Any sludge and/or float generated from the physical
and/or chemical separation of oil/water/solids in process wastewaters and oily cooling wastewaters from petroleum refineries. Such
wastes include, but are not limited to, all sludges and floats generated in: induced air flotation (IAF) units, tanks and impoundments,
F038
and all sludges generated in DAF units. Sludges generated in stormwater units that do not receive dry weather flow, sludges
generated from non-contact once-through cooling waters segregated for treatment from other process or oily cooling waters, sludges
and floats generated in aggressive biological treatment units as defined in 261.31(b)(2) (including sludges and floats generated in
one or more additional units after wastewaters have been treated in aggressive biological treatment units) and F037, K048, and
K051 wastes are not included in this listing.
Leachate (liquids that have percolated through land disposed wastes) resulting from the disposal of more than one restricted waste
F039
classified as hazardous under sub-part D of this part. (leachate resulting from the disposal of one or more of the following EPA
Hazardous Wastes and no other Hazardous Wastes retains its EPA Hazardous Waste Number(s): F020, F021, F022, F026, F027,
and/or F028.).
59
EPA HW
Number
Hazardous Waste From Specific Sources
(40 CFR §261.32)
K001
Bottom sediment sludge from the treatment of wastewaters from wood preserving processes that use creosote and/or
pentachlorophenol.
K002
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome yellow and orange pigments.
K003
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of molybdate orange pigments
K004
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of zinc yellow pigments
K005
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome green pigments
K006
Wastewater treatment sludge from the predation of chrome oxide green pigments (anhydrous and hydrated).
K007
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of iron blue pigments
K008
Oven residue from the production of chrome oxide green pigments
K009
Distillation bottoms from the production of acetaldehyde from ethylene
K010
Distillation side cuts from the production of acetaldehyde from ethylene
K011
Bottom stream from the wastewater stripper in the production of acrylonitrile
K013
Bottom stream from the acetonitrile column in the production of acrylonitrile
K014
Bottoms from the acetonitrile purification column in the production of acrylonitrile
K015
Still bottoms from the distillation of benzyl chloride
K016
Heavy ends or distillation residues from the production of carbon tetrachloride
K017
Heavy ends (still bottoms) from the purification column in the production of epichlorohydrin.
K018
Heavy ends from the fractionation column in ethyl chloride production
K019
Heavy ends from the distillation of ethylene dichloride in ethylene dichloride production.
K020
Heavy ends from the distillation of vinyl chloride in vinyl chloride monomer production.
K021
Aqueous spent antimony catalyst waste from fluoromethanes production
K022
Distillation bottom tars from the production of phenol/acetone from cumene
K023
Distillation light ends from the production of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene
K024
Distillation bottoms from the production of phthalic anhydride from naphthalene
K025
Distillation bottoms from the production of nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene
K026
Stripping still tails from the production of methyl ethyl pyridines
K027
Centrifuge and distillation residues from toluene diisocyanate production
K028
Spent catalyst from the hydrochlorinator reactor in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
K029
Waste from the product steam stripper in the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane
K030
Column bottoms or heavy ends from the combined production of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene.
K083
Distillation bottoms from aniline production
K085
Distillation or fractionation column bottoms from the production of chlorobenzenes
K093
Distillation light ends from the production of phthalic anhydride from ortho-xylene
K094
Distillation bottoms from the production of phthalic anhydride from ortho-xylene
K095
Distillation bottoms from the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane
K096
Heavy ends from the heavy ends column from the production of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
K103
Process residues from aniline extraction from the production of aniline
60
EPA HW
Number
Hazardous Waste From Specific Sources
(40 CFR §261.32)
K104
Combined wastewater streams generated from nitrobenzene/aniline production
K105
Separated aqueous stream from the reactor product washing step in the production of chlorobenzenes.
K107
Column bottoms from product separation from the production of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) from carboxylic acid
hydrazines.
K108
Condensed column overheads from product separation and condensed reactor vent gases from the production of 1,1dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) from carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K109
Spent filter cartridges from product purification from the production of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) from carboxylic acid
hydrazides.
K110
Condensed column overheads from intermediate separation from the production of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) from
carboxylic acid hydrazides.
K111
Product washwaters from the production of dinitrotoluene via nitration of toluene
K112
Reaction by-product water from the drying column in the production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K113
Condensed liquid light ends from the purification of toluenediamine in the production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation
of dinitrotoluene.
K114
Vicinals from the purification of toluenediamine in the production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K115
Heavy ends from the purification of toluenediamine in the production of toluenediamine via hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene.
K116
Organic condensate from the solvent recovery column in the production of toluene diisocyanate via phosgenation of
toluenediamine.
K117
Wastewater from the reactor vent gas scrubber in the production of ethylene dibromide via bromination of ethene.
K118
Spent adsorbent solids from purification of ethylene dibromide in the production of ethylene dibromide via bromination of
ethene.
K136
Still bottoms from the purification of ethylene dibromide in the production of ethylene dibromide via bromination of ethene.
K149
Distillation bottoms from the production of alpha- (or methyl-) chlorinated toluenes, ring chlorinated toluenes, benzoyl
chlorides, and compounds with mixtures of these functional groups,(This waste does not include still bottoms from the
distillation of benzyl chloride.).
K150
Organic residuals, excluding spent carbon adsorbent, from the spent chlorine gas and hydrochloric acid recovery
processes associated with the production of alpha- (or methyl-) chlorinated toluenes, ring chlorinated toluenes, benzoyl
chlorides, and compounds with mixtures of these functional groups.
K151
Wastewater treatment sludges, excluding neutralization and biological sludges, generated during the treatment of
wastewaters from the production of alpha- (or methyl-) chlorinated toluenes, ring chlorinated toluenes, benzoyl chlorides,
and compounds with mixtures of these functional groups.
K156
Organic waste (including heavy ends, still bottoms, light ends, spent solvents, filtrates, and decantates) from the production
of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes.
K157
Wastewaters (including scrubber waters, condenser waters, washwaters, and separation waters) from the production of
carbamates and carbamoyl oximes.
K158
Bag house dusts and filter/separation solids from the production of carbamates and carbamoyl oximes.
K159
Organics from the treatment of thiocarbamate wastes.
K160
Solids (including filter wastes, separation solids, and spent catalysts) from the production of thiocarbamates and solids from
the treatment of thiocarbamate wastes.
K161
Purification solids (including filtration, evaporation, and centrifugation solids), bag house dust and floor sweepings from the
production of dithiocarbamate acids and their salts. (This listing does not include K125 or K126.).
61
EPA HW
Number
Hazardous Waste From Specific Sources
(40 CFR §261.32)
K071
Brine purification muds from the mercury cell process in chlorine production, where separately prepurified brine is not used.
K073
Chlorinated hydrocarbon waste from the purification step of the diaphragm cell process using graphite anodes in chlorine
production.
K106
Wastewater treatment sludge from the mercury cell process in chlorine production
K031
By-product salts generated in the production of MSMA and cacodylic acid
K032
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chlordane
K033
Wastewater and scrub water from the chlorination of cyclopentadiene in the production of chlordane.
K034
Filter solids from the filtration of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in the production of chlordane.
K035
Wastewater treatment sludges generated in the production of creosote
K036
Still bottoms from toluene reclamation distillation in the production of disulfoton
K037
Wastewater treatment sludges from the production of disulfoton
K038
Wastewater from the washing and stripping of phorate production
K039
Filter cake from the filtration of diethylphosphorodithioic acid in the production of phorate.
K040
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of phorate.
K041
Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of toxaphene.
K042
Heavy ends or distillation residues from the distillation of tetrachlorobenzene in the production of 2,4,5-T.
K043
2,6-Dichlorophenol waste from the production of 2,4-D
K097
Vacuum stripper discharge from the chlordane chlorinator in the production of chlordane.
K098
Untreated process wastewater from the production of toxaphene
K099
Untreated wastewater from the production of 2,4-D
K123
Process wastewater (including supernates, filtrates, and washwaters) from the production of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid
and its salt.
K124
Reactor vent scrubber water from the production of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and its salts.
K125
Filtration, evaporation, and centrifugation solids from the production of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and its salts.
K126
Baghouse dust and floor sweepings in milling and packaging operations from the production or formulation of
ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid and its salts.
K131
Wastewater from the reactor and spent sulfuric acid from the acid dryer from the production of methyl bromide.
K132
Spent absorbent and wastewater separator solids from the production of methyl bromide.
K044
Wastewater treatment sludges from the manufacturing and processing of explosives
K045
Spent carbon from the treatment of wastewater containing explosives
K046
Wastewater treatment sludges from the manufacturing, formulation and Ioading of lead-based initiating compounds.
K047
Pink/red water from TNT operations
K048
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) float from the petroleum refining industry
K049
Slop oil emulsion solids from the petroleum refining industry
K050
Heat exchanger bundle cleaning sludge from the petroleum refining industry
K051
API separator sludge from the petroleum refining industry
K052
Tank bottoms (leaded) from the petroleum refining industry
62
EPA HW
Number
Hazardous Waste From Specific Sources
(40 CFR §261.32)
K061
Emission control dust/sludge from the primary production of steel in electric furnaces
K062
Spent pickle liquor generated by steel finishing operations of facilities within the iron and steel industry (SIC Codes 331 and
332).
K064
Acid plant blowdown slurry/sludge resulting from the thickening of blowdown slurry from primary copper production.
K085
Surface impoundment solids contained in and dredged from surface impoundments at primary Iead smelting facilities.
K066
Sludge from treatment of process wastewater and/or acid plant blowdown from primary zinc production.
K088
Spent potliners from primary aluminum reduction
K090
Emission control dust or sludge from ferrochromiumsilicon production
K091
Emission control dust or sludge from ferrochromium production
K069
Emission control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting. (NOTE: This listing is stayed administratively for sludge
generated from secondary acid scrubber systems. The stay will remain in effect until further administrative action is taken.
If EPA takes further action effecting this stay, EPA will publish a notice of the action in the Federal Register).
K100
Waste leaching solution from acid leaching of emission control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting.
K084
Wastewater treatment sludges generated during the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals from arsenic or
organo-arsenic compounds.
K101
Distillation tar residues from the distillation of aniline-based compounds in the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals
from arsenic or organo-arsenic compounds.
K102
Residue from the use of activated carbon for decolorization in the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals from arsenic or
organo-arsenic compounds.
K086
Solvent washes and sludges, caustic washes and sludges, or water washes and sludges from cleaning tubs and equipment
used in the formulation of ink from pigments, driers, soaps, and stabilizers containing chromium and Iead.
K060
Ammonia still Iime sludge from coking operations
K087
Decanter tank tar sludge from coking operations
K141
Process residues from the recovery of coal tar including, but not Iimited to, collecting sump residues from the production of
coke from coal or the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal. This listing does not include K087 (decanter tank
tar sludges from coking operations).
K142
Tar storage tank residues from the production of coke from coal or from the recovery of coke by-products produced from
coal.
K143
Process residues from the recovery of light oil, including, hut not Iimited to, those generated in stills, decanters, and wash
oil recovery units from the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal.
K144
Wastewater sump residues from light oil re fining, including, but not Iimited to intercepting or contamination sump sludges
from the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal.
K145
Residues from naphthalene collection and recovery operations from the recovery of coke by-products produced from coal.
K147
Tar storage tank residues from coal tar refining.
K148
Residues from coal tar distillation, including but not limited to, still bottoms.
63
APPENDIX F (Continued)
§ 261.33 Discarded commercial chemical products, off specification species, container residues, and
spill residues thereof.
The following materials or items are hazardous wastes if and when they are:
--discarded or intended to be discarded as described,
--when they are mixed with waste oil or used oil or other material and applied to
the land for dust suppression or road treatment,
--when they are otherwise applied to the land in lieu of their original intended use,
--when they are contained in products that are applied to the land in lieu of their
original intended use, or
--when, in lieu of their original intended use, they are produced for use as (or as
a component of) a fuel, distributed for use as a fuel, or burned as a fuel.
(a) Any commercial chemical product, or manufacturing chemical intermediate having the generic name listed
in paragraph (e) or (f) of this section.
(b) Any off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate which, if it met
specifications, would have the generic name listed in paragraph (e) or (f) of this section.
(c) Any residue remaining in a container or in an inner liner removed from a container that has held any
commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate having the generic name listed in
paragraphs (e) or (f) of this section, unless the container is empty as defined in 261.7(b) of this chapter.
(d) Any residue, contaminated soil, water or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill into or on any
land or water of any commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate having the
generic name listed in paragraph (e) or (f) of this section, or any residue or contaminated soil, water or other
debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into or on any land or water, of any off specification chemical
product and manufacturing chemical intermediate which, if it met specifications, would have the generic
name listed in paragraph (e) or (f) of this section.
[NOTE: The phrase "commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate having the
generic name listed in. . ." refers to:
a chemical substance which is manufactured or formulated for commercial or
manufacturing use which consists of the commercially pure grade of the
chemical, any technical grades of the chemical that are produced or marketed,
and all formulations in which the chemical is the sole active ingredient.
It does not refer to:
a material, such as a manufacturing process waste, that contains any of the
substances listed in paragraph (e) or (f). Where a manufacturing process waste
is deemed to be a hazardous waste because it contains a substance listed in
paragraph (e) or (f), such waste will be listed in either 261.31 or 261.32 or will
be identified as a hazardous waste by the characteristics set forth in 261.21
through 261.24.]
(e) The commercial chemical products, manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial
chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates listed below and referred to in paragraphs (a)
through (d) above, are identified as acute hazardous wastes (H) and are subject to be the small quantity
exclusion defined in 261.5(e).
[Comment: For the convenience of the regulated community the primary hazardous properties of these
materials have been indicated by the letters T (Toxicity), and R (Reactivity). Absence of a letter indicates
that the compound only is listed for acute toxicity.]
64
These wastes and their corresponding EPA Hazardous Waste Numbers are:
EPA HW
Number
Acute Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(e))
P023
Acetaldehyde, chloro-
P002
Acetamide, N-(aminothioxomethyl)-
P057
Acetamide,2-fluoro-
P058
Acetic acid, fluoro-, sodium salt
P002
1-Acetyl-2-thiourea
P003
Acrolein
P070
Aldicarb
P203
Aldicarb sulfone
P004
Aldrin
P005
Allyl alcohol
P006
Aluminum phosphide (R,T)
P007
5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol
P008
4-Aminopyridine
P009
Ammonium picrate (R)
P119
Ammonium vanadate
P099
Argentate(1-), bis(cyano-C)-, potassium
P010
Arsenic acid H3AsO4
P012
Arsenic oxide As2O3
P011
Arsenic oxide As205
P011
Arsenic pentoxide
P012
Arsenic trioxide
P038
Arsine, diethyl-
P036
Arsonous dichloride, phenyl-
P054
Aziridine
P067
Aziridine,2-methyl-
P013
Barium cyanide
P024
Benzenamine,4-chloro-
P077
Benzenamine,4-nitro-
P028
Benzene, (chloromethyl)-
P042
1,2-Benzenediol,4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, (R)-
P046
Benzeneethanamine, alpha,alpha-dimethyl-
P014
Benzenethiol
P127
7-Benzofuranol, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-, methylcarbamate.
P188
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, compd. with (3aS-cis)-1, 2, 3, 3a, 8, 8a- hexahydro-1, 3a ,8- trimethylpyrrolo[2,3b]indol- 5- yl
ethylcarbamate ester (1:1).
P001
2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one,4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-, & salts, when present at concentrations greater than 0.3%
P028
Benzyl chloride
P015
Beryllium powder
P017
Bromoacetone
P018
Brucine
P045
2-Butanone,3,3-dimethyl-1-(methylthio)-, O[methylamino)carbonyl] oxime
P021
Calcium cyanide
P021
Calcium cyanide Ca(CN)2
P189
Carbamic acid, [(dibutylamino)-thio]methyl-,2, 3-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl ester
P191
Carbamic acid, dimethyl-, 1-[(dimethyl-amino)carbonyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl ester
65
EPA HW
Number
Acute Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(e))
P192
Carbamic acid, dimethyl-, 3-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl ester
P190
Carbamic acid, methyl-, 3-methylphenyl ester
P127
Carbofuran
P022
Carbon disulfide
P095
Carbonic dichloride
P189
Carbosulfan
P023
Chloroacetaldehyde
P024
p-Chloroaniline
P026
1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea
P027
3-Chloropropionitrile
P029
Copper cyanide Cu
P029
Copper cyanide Cu(CN)
P202
m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate
P030
Cyanides (soluble cyanide salts), not otherwise specified
P031
Cyanogen
P033
Cyanogen chloride
P033
Cyanogen chloride (CN)CI
P034
2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
P016
Dichloromethyl ether
P036
Dichlorophenylarsine
P037
Deldrin
P038
Diethylarsine
P041
Diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate
P040
O,O-Diethyl O-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate
P043
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)
P004
1, 4, 5, 8 -Dimethanonaphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10 hexa- chloro- 1, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a, -hexahydro-, (1 alpha, 4 alpha, 4a
beta, 5 alpha, 8 alpha,8a beta)-
P060
1, 4, 5, 8 -Dimethanonaphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 10 hexa- chloro- 1, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a, -hexahydro-, (1 alpha, 4 alpha, 4a
beta, 5 beta, 8 beta, 8a beta)-
P037
2, 7:3, 6- Dimethanonaphth [2,3-b] oxirene, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 9- hexachloro- 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 6, 6a, 7, 7a-octahydro-, (1a alpha,
2 beta, 2a alpha, 3 beta, 6 beta, 6a alpha, 7 beta, 7a alpha)-
P051
2, 7:3, 6- Dimethanonaphth [2,3-b] oxirene, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 9- hexachloro- 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 6, 6a, 7, 7a- octahydro-, (1a alpha,
2 beta, 2a beta, 3 alpha, 6 alpha, 6a beta, 7 beta, 7a alpha)-, & metabolites
P044
Dimethoate
P046
alpha, alpha- Dimethylphenethylamine
P191
Dimetilan
P047
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts
P048
2,4-Dinitrophenol
P020
Dinoseb
P085
Diphosphorhoramide, octamethyl-
P111
Diphosphoric acid, tetraethyl ester
P039
Disulfoton
P049
Dithiobiuret
P185
1, 3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2, 4-dimethyl-, O-[(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime
P050
Endosulfan
P088
Endothall
P051
Endrin
P051
Endrin, & metabolites
66
EPA HW
Number
Acute Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(e))
P042
Epinephrine
P031
Ethanedinitrile
P194
Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-(dimethylamino)-N-[[(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxy]-2-oxo-, methyl ester
P066
Ethanimidothioic acid, N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-, methyl ester
P101
Ethyl cyanide
P054
Ethyleneimine
P097
Famphur
P056
Fluorine
P057
Fluoroacetamide
P058
Fluoroacetic acid, sodium salt
P198
Formetanate hydrochloride
P197
Formparanate
P065
Fulminic acid, mercury(2+) salt
P059
Heptachlor
P062
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
P116
Hydrazine carbothioamide
P068
Hydrazine, methyl-
P063
Hydrocyanic acid
P063
Hydrogen cyanide
P096
Hydrogen phosphide
P060
Isodrin
P192
Isolan
P202
3-Isopropylphenyl N-methylcarbamate
P007
3 (2H)-isoxazolone,5-(aminomethyl)-
P196
Manganese, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-,
P196
Manganese dimethyldithiocarbamate
P092
Mercury, (acetato-O) phenyl
P065
Mercury fulminate (R,T)
P082
Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
P064
Methane, isocyanato-
P016
Methane,oxybis[chloro-
P112
Methane, tetranitro- (R)
P118
Methanethiol, trichloro-
P198
Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-[[(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride
P197
Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]-
P050
6, 9-Methano-2, 4, 3-benzodioxathiepin, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10- hexachloro- 1, 5, 5a, 6, 9, 9a- hexahydro-, 3-oxide
P059
4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- heptachloro- 3a, 4, 7, 7a- tetrahydro-
P199
Methiocarb
P066
Methomyl
P068
Methyl hydrazine
P064
Methyl isocyanate
P069
2-Methyllactonitrile
P071
Methyl parathion
P190
Metolcarb
P128
Mexacarbate
P072
alpha-Naphthylthiourea
P073
Nickel carbonyl
67
EPA HW
Number
Acute Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(e))
P073
Nickel carbonyl Ni(CO)4; (T-4)-
P074
Nickel cyanide
P074
Nickel cyanide Ni(CN)2
P075
Nicotine,& salts
P076
Nitric oxide
P077
p-Nitroaniline
P078
Nitrogen dioxide
P076
Nitrogen oxide NO
P078
Nitrogen oxide NO2
P081
Nitroglycerine (R)
P082
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
P084
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
P085
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
P087
Osmium oxide 0s04, (T-4)-
P087
Osmium tetroxide
P088
7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
P194
Oxamyl
P089
Parathion
P034
Phenol, 2-cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitro-
P048
Phenol, 2,4-dinitro-
P047
Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-, & salts
P020
Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitro-
P009
Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, ammonium salt (R)
P128
Phenol, 4-(dimethylamino)-3, 5-dimethyl-, methylcarbamate (ester)
P199
Phenol, (3, 5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)-, methylcarbamate
P202
Phenol, 3-(1-methylethyl)-, methyl carbamate
P201
Phenol, 3-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-, methyl carbamate
P092
Phenylmercury acetate
P093
Phenylthiourea
P094
Phorate
P095
Phosgene
P096
Phosphine
P041
Phosphoric acid, diethyl 4-nitrophenyl ester
P039
Phosphorodithioic acid,O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl) ester
P094
Phosphorodithioic acid,O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)methyl) ester
P044
Phosphorodithioic acid,O,O-dimethyl S-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl] ester
P043
Phosphorofluoridic acid, bis(1-methylethyl) ester
P089
Phosphorothioic acid,O,O-diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
P040
Phosphorothioic acid,O,O-diethyl O-pyrazinyl ester
P097
Phosphorothioic acid, O-[4-[(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl] O,O-dimethyl ester
P071
Phosphorothioic acid,O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester
P204
Physostigmine
P188
Physostigmine salicylate
P110
Plumbane, tetraethyl-
P098
Potassium cyanide
P098
Potassium cyanide K(CN)
P099
Potassium silver cyanide
68
EPA HW
Number
Acute Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(e))
P201
Promecarb
P070
Propanal, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio-, O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime
P203
Propanal, 2-methyl-2-(methyl-sulfonyl)-, O-[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxime
P101
Propanenitrile
P027
Propanenitrile,3-chloro-
P069
Propanenitrile,2-hydroxy-2-methyl-
P081
1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate (R)
P017
2-Propanone,1-bromo-
P102
Propargyl alcohol
P003
2-Propenal
P005
2-Propen-1-ol
P067
1,2-Propylenimine
P102
2-Propyn-1-ol
P008
4-Pyridinamine
P075
Pyridine,3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-,(S)-,& salts
P204
Pyrrolo[2, 3-b]indol-5-ol, 1, 2, 3, 3a, 8, 8a-hexahydro-1, 3a, 8-trimethyl-, methylcarbamate (ester), (3aS-cis)-
P114
Selenious acid, dithallium(1+) salt
P103
Selenourea
P104
Silver cyanide
P104
Silver cyanide Ag(CN)
P105
Sodium azide
P106
Sodium cyanide
P106
Sodium cyanide Na(CN)
P108
Strychnidin-10-one,& salts
P018
Strychnidin-10-one, 2,3-dimethoxy-
P108
Strychnine,& salts
P115
Sulfuric acid, dithallium(1+) salt
P109
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate
P110
Tetraethyl lead
P111
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
P112
Tetranitromethane (R)
P062
Tetraphosphoric acid, hexaethyl ester
P113
Thallic oxide
P113
Thallium oxide Tl2O3
P114
Thallium(I) selenite
P115
Thallium(I) sulfate
P109
Thiodiphosphoric acid, tetraethyl ester
P045
Thiofanox
P049
Thioimidodicarbonic diamide [(H2N)C(S)]2NH
P014
Thiophenol
P116
Thiosemicarbazide
P026
Thiourea,(2-chlorophenyl)-
P072
Thiourea, 1-naphthalenyl-
P093
Thiourea, phenyl-
P185
Tirpate
P123
Toxaphene
P118
Trichloromethanethiol
69
EPA HW
Number
Acute Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(e))
P119
Vanadic acid, ammonium salt
P120
Vanadium oxide V2O5
P120
Vanadium pentoxide
P084
Vinylamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso-
P001
Warfarin, & salts, when present at concentrations greater than 0.3%
P205
Zinc, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S-S')-,
P121
Zinc cyanide
P121
Zinc cyanide Zn(CN)2
P122
Zinc phosphide Zn3P2, when present at concentrations greater than 10% (R,T)
P205
Ziram.
(f) The commercial chemical products, manufacturing chemical intermediates, or off specification commercial
chemical products listed below and referred to in paragraphs (a) through (d) on page 77 are identified as
toxic wastes (T), unless otherwise designated.
[Comment: For the convenience of the regulated community, the primary hazardous properties of these
materials have been indicated by the letters T (Toxicity), R (Reactivity), I (Ignitability) and C (Corrosivity).
Absence of a letter indicates that the compound is only listed for toxicity.]
These wastes and their corresponding EPA Hazardous Waste Numbers are:
EPA HW
Number
U394
U001
U034
U187
U005
U240
U112
U144
U214
see F027
U002
U003
U004
U005
U006
U007
U008
U009
U011
U012
U136
U014
U015
U365
U010
U280
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
A2213
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde, trichloroAcetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-ylAcetic acid,(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-, salts & esters
Acetic acid ethyl ester
Acetic acid, lead(2+) salt
Acetic acid, thallium(1+) salt
Acetic acid,(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)Acetone
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
2-Acetylaminofluorene
Acetyl chloride
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Amitrole
Aniline (I,T)
Arsinic acid, dimethylAuramine
Azaserine
Hazepine1-carbothioic acid, hexahydro-, S-ethyl ester
Azirino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2-a] indole- 4, 7- dione, 6- amino- & [[(aminocarbonyl) oxy]methyl]- 1, 1a, 2, 8, 8a, 8bhexahydro- 8a- methoxy- 5- methyl-, [1aS-(1a alpha, 8 beta, 8a alpha, 8b alpha)]Barban
70
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
U278
Bendiocarb
U364
Bendiocarb phenol
U271
Benomyl
U157
Benz[i]aceanthrylene, 1,2-dihydro-3-methyl-
U016
Benz[c]acridine
U017
Benzal chloride
U192
Benzamide, 3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)-
U018
Benz[a]anthracene
U094
Benz[a]anthracene, 7,12-dimethyl-
U012
Benzenamine (I,T)
U014
Benzenamine, 4,4'-carbonimidoylbis [N,N-dimethyl-
U049
Benzenamine, 4chloro-2-methyl-, hydrochloride
U093
Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-(phenylazo)-
U328
Bezenamine, 2-methyl-
U353
Benzenamine, 4-methyl-
U158
Benzenamine, 4,4'-methylenebis[2-chloro-
U222
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-, hydrochloride
U181
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-5-nitro-
U019
Benzene (I,T)
U038
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
U030
Benzene, 1-bromo-4-phenoxy-
U035
Bezenebutanoic acid, 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-
U037
Benzene, chloro-
U221
Benzenediamine, ar-methyl-
U028
Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
U069
Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester
U088
Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester
U102
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester
U107
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
U070
Benzene,1,2-dichloro-
U071
Benzene,1,3-dichloro-
U072
Benzene,1,4-dichloro-
U060
Benzene,1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
U017
Benzene,(dichloromethyl)-
U223
Benzene,1,3-diisocyanatomethyl- (R,T)
U239
Benzene, dimethyl- (I,T)
U201
1,3-Benzenediol
U127
Benzene, hexachloro-
U056
Benzene, hexahydro- (I)
U220
Benzene, methyl-
U105
Benzene,1-methyl-2,4-dinitro-
U106
Benzene,2-methyl-1,3-dinitro-
U055
Benzene,(1-methylethyl)- (I)
U169
Benzene, nitro-
U183
Benzene, pentachloro-
U185
Benzene, pentachloronitro-
U020
Benzenesulfonic acid chloride (C,R)
U020
Benzenesulfonyl chloride (C,R)
U207
Benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-
71
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
U061
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro-
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
U247
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-methoxy-
U023
Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-
U234
Benzene, 1,3,5-trinitro-
U021
Benzidine
U202
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide,& salts
U278
1, 3-Benzodioxol-4-ol, 2,3-dimethyl-, methyl carbamate
U364
1, 3-Benzodioxol-4-ol, 2,3-dimethyl-,
U203
1,3-8enzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)-
U141
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(1-propenyl)-
U367
7-Benzofuranol, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl
U090
1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-propyl-
U064
Benzo[rst]pentaphene
U248
2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one,4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl-butyl)-, & salts, when present at concen. of 0.3% or less
U022
Benzo[a]pyrene
U197
p-Benzoquinone
U023
Benzotrichloride (C,R,T)
U085
2,2'-Bioxirane
U021
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine
U073
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine,3,3'-dichloro-
U091
[1,1'-Bipheny]-4,4'-diamine,3,3'-dimethoxy-
U095
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine,3,3'-dimethyl-
U401
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) sulfide
U400
Bis(pentamethylene)thiuram tetrasulfide
U225
Bromoform
U030
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
U128
1,3-Butadiene,1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-
U172
1-Butanamine, N-butyl-N-nitroso
U031
1-Butanol (I)
U159
2-Butanone (I,T)
U160
2-Butanone, peroxide (R,T)
U053
2-Butenal
U074
2-Butene,1,4-dichloro- (I,T)
U143
U031
2-Butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 7-[[2,3- dihydroxy-2-(1-methoxyethyl), 3-methyl-1-oxobutoxy]methyl]- 2, 3, 5, 7atetrahydro- 1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl ester, [1S-[1 alpha(Z), 7(2S*,3R*), 7a alpha]]n-butyl alcohol (I)
U392
Butylate
U136
Cacodylic acid
U032
Calcium chromate
U372
Carbamic acid, 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl, methyl ester
U271
Carbamic acid, [1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl], methyl ester
U375
Carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester
U280
Carbamic acid, (3-chlorophenyl)-, 4-chloro-2-butynyl ester
U238
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester
U178
Carbamic acid, methylnitroso-, ethyl ester
U373
Carbamic acid, phenyl-, 1-methylethyl ester
U409
Carbamic acid, [1,2-phenylenebis (iminocarbonothioyl)]bis-, dimethyl ester
U097
Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-
U379
Carbamodithioic acid, dibutyl, sodium salt
72
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
U277
Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl-, 2-chloro-2-propenyl ester
U381
Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl-, sodium salt
U383
Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, potassium salt
U382
Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt
U376
Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, tetraanhydrosulfide with orthothioselenious acid
U378
Carbamodithioic acid, (hydroxymethyl)methyl-, monopotassium salt
U384
Carbamodithioic acid, methyl-, monosodium salt
U377
Carbamodithioic acid, methyl-, monopotassium salt
U389
Carbamothioic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, S-(2,3,3-trichloro-2-propenyl) ester
U392
Carbamothioic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl)-, S-ethyl ester
U391
Carbamothioic acid, butylethyl-, S-propyl ester
U386
Carbamothioic acid, cyclohexylethyl-, S-ethyl ester
U390
Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-, S-ethyl ester
U387
Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-, S-(phenylmethyl) ester
U385
Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-, S-propyl ester
U114
Carbamodithioic acid,1,2-ethanediylbis-, salts & esters
U062
Carbamothioic acid, bis(1-methylethyl)-, S-(2,3-dichloro-2-propenyl) ester
U215
Carbonic acid, dithallium(1+) salt
U033
Carbonic difluoride
U156
Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester (I,T)
U033
Carbon oxyfluoride (R,T)
U211
Carbon tetrachloride
U034
Chloral
U035
Chlorambucil
U036
Chlordane, alpha & gamma isomers
U026
Chlornaphazin
U037
Chlorobenzene
U038
Chlorobenzilate
U039
p-Chloro-m-cresol
U042
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
U044
Chloroform
U046
Chloromethyl methyl ether
U047
beta-Chloronaphthalene
U048
o-Chlorophenol
U049
4-Chloro-o-toluidine, hydrochloride
U032
Chromic acid H2Cr04, calcium salt
U050
Chrysene
U051
Creosote
U052
Cresol (Cresylic acid)
U053
Crotonaldehyde
U055
Cumene (I)
U246
Cyanogen bromide (CN)Br
U197
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
U056
Cyclohexane (I)
U129
Cyclohexane, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6- hexachloro-, (1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 beta, 4 alpha, 5 alpha, 6 beta)-
U057
Cyclohexanone (I)
U130
1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5- hexachloro-
U058
Cyclophosphamide
U240
2,4-D, salts & esters
73
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
U059
Daunomycin
U366
Dazomet
U060
DDD
U061
DDT
U062
Diallate
U063
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
U064
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
U066
1, 2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
U069
Dibutyl phthalate
U070
o-Dichlorobenzene
U071
m-Dichlorobenzene
U072
p-Dichlorobenzene
U073
3, 3'-Dichlorobenzidine
U074
1,4-Dichloro-2-butene (I,T)
U075
Dichlorodifluoromethane
U078
1,1-Dichloroethylene
U079
1,2-Dichloroethylene
U025
Dichloroethyl ether
U027
Dichloroisopropyl ether
U024
Dichloromethoxy ethane
U081
2,4-Dichlorophenol
U082
2,6-Dichlorophenol
U084
1,3-Dichloropropene
U085
1,2:3,4-Diepoxybutane (I,T)
U108
1,4-Diethyleneoxide
U028
Diethylhexyl phthalate
U395
Diethylene glycol, dicarbamate
U086
N,N'-Diethylhydrazine
U087
O,O-Diethyl S-methyl dithiophosphate
U088
Diethyl phthalate
U089
Diethylstilbesteol
U090
Dihydrosafrole
U091
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine
U092
Dimethylamine (I)
U093
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
U094
7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
U095
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine
U096
alpha, alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide (R)
U097
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
U098
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
U099
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
U101
2,4-Dimethylphenol
U102
Dimethyl phthalate
U103
Dimethyl sulfate
U105
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
U106
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
U107
Di-n-octyl phthalate
U108
1,4-Dioxane
U109
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
74
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
EPA HW
Number
U110
U111
U403
U390
U041
U001
U404
U174
U155
U067
U076
U077
U131
U024
U117
U025
U184
U208
U209
U218
U226
U227
U410
U394
U359
U173
U395
U004
U043
U042
U078
U079
U210
U228
U112
U113
U238
U117
U114
U067
U077
U359
U115
U116
U076
U118
U119
U407
U396
U120
U122
U123
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
Dipropylamine (I)
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
Disulfiram
EPTC
Epichlorohydrin
Ethanal (I)
Ethanamine, N,N-diethylEthanamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso1,2-Ethanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N'-2-pyridinyl-N'-(2-thienylmethyl)Ethane,1,2-dibromoEthane,1,1-dichloroEthane,1,2-dichloroEthane, hexachloroEthane,1,1'-[methylenebis(oxy)]bis[2-chloroEthane,1,1'-oxybis-(I)
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloroEthane, pentachloroEthane,1,1,1,2-tetrachloroEthane,1,1 2,2-tetrachloroEthanethioamide
Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloroEthane, 1,1,2-trichloroEthanimidothioic acid, N,N'-[thiobis[(methylimino)carbonyloxy]]bis-, dimethyl ester
Ethanimidothioic acid, 2-(dimethylamino)-N-hydroxy-2-oxo-, methyl ester
Ethanol, 2-ethoxyEthanol, 2,2'-(nitrosoimino)bisEthanol, 2,2'-oxybis-, dicarbamate
Ethanone, 1-phenylEthene, chloroEthene,(2-chloroethoxy)Ethene,1,1-dichloroEthene,1,2-dichloro-, (E)Ethene, tetrachloroEthene, trichloroEthyl acetate (I)
Ethyl acrylate (I)
Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
Ethyl ether (I)
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, salts & esters
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Ethylene oxide (I,T)
Ethylenethiourea
Ethylidene dichloride
Ethyl methacrylate
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl Ziram
Ferbam
Fluoranthene
Formaldehyde
Formic acid (C,T)
75
EPA HW
Number
U124
U125
U147
U213
U125
U124
U206
U206
U126
U163
U127
U128
U130
U131
U132
U243
U133
U086
U098
U099
U109
U134
U134
U135
U135
U096
U116
U137
U375
U396
U190
U140
U141
U142
U143
U144
U146
U145
U146
U129
U163
U147
U148
U149
U150
U151
U384
U152
U092
U029
U045
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
Furan (I)
2-Furancarboxaldehyde (I)
2,5-Furandione
Furan, tetrahydro-(I)
Furfural (I)
Furfuran (I)
Glucopyranose,2-deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-, DD-Glucose,2-deoxy-2-[[(methylnitrosoamino)-carbonyl]amino]Glycidylaldehyde
Guanidine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoHexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Hexachloropropene
Hydrazine (R,T)
Hydrazine,1,2-diethylHydrazine,1,1-dimethylHydrazine,1,2-dimethylHydrazine,1,2-diphenylHydrofluoric acid (C,T)
Hydrogen fluoride (C,T)
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide H2S
Hydroperoxide,1-methyl-1-phenylethyl- (R)
2-Imidazolidinethione
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
3-Iodo-2-propynyl n-butylcarbamate
Iron, tris(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-,
1,3-Isobenzofurandione
Isobutyl alcohol (I,T)
Isosafrole
Kepone
Lasiocarpine
Lead acetate
Lead, bis(acetato-O)tetrahydroxytriLead phosphate
Lead subacetate
Lindane
MNNG
Maleic anhydride
Maleic hydrazide
Malononitrile
Melphalan
Mercury
Melphalan
Methacrylonitrile (I, T)
Methanamine, N-methyl- (I)
Methane, bromoMethane, chloro- (I,T)
76
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
U046
U068
U080
U075
U138
U119
U211
U153
U225
U044
U121
U036
U154
U155
U142
U247
U154
U029
U186
U045
U156
U226
U157
U158
U068
U080
U159
U160
U138
U161
U162
U161
U164
U010
U365
U059
Methane, chloromethoxyMethane, dibromoMethane, dichloroMethane, dichlorodifluoroMethane, iodoMethanesulfonic acid, ethyl ester
Methane, tetrachloroMethanethiol (I,T)
Methane, tribromoMethane, trichloroMethane, trichlorofluoro4,7-Methano-l H-indene, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- octachloro- 2, 3, 3a, 4, 7, 7a- hexahydroMethanol (I)
Methapyrilene
1,3,4-Metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one, 1, 1a, 3, 3a, 4, 5, 5, 5a, 5b, 6- decachlorooctahydroMethoxychlor
Methyl alcohol (I)
Methyl bromide
1-Methylbutadiene (I)
Methyl chloride (I,T)
Methyl chlorocarbonate (I,T)
Methyl chloroform
3-Methylcholanthrene
4,4'-Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline)
Methylene bromide
Methylene chloride
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (I,T)
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (R,T)
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone (I)
Methyl methacrylate (I,T)
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (I)
Methylthiouracil
Mitomycin C
Molinate
5,12-Naphthacenedione, 8-acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2, 3, 6-trideoxy)-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-oxy]- 7, 8, 9, 10tetrahydro- 6, 8, 11- trihydroxy-1-methoxy-, (8S-cis)-
U167
1-Naphthalenamine
U168
2-Naphthalenamine
U026
Naphthalenamine, N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-
U165
Naphthalene
U047
Naphthalene, 2-chloro-
U166
1,4-Naphthalenedione
U236
2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid 3, 3'- [(3, 3'- dimethyl[1, 1'-biphenyl]-4, 4'-diyl) bis(azo) bis[5-amino-4-hydroxy]-,
tetrasodium salt
U279
1-Naphthalenol, methylcarbamate
U166
1,4-Naphthoquinone
U167
alpha-Naphthylamine
U168
beta-Naphthylamine
U217
Nitric acid, thallium(1+) salt
77
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
U169
Nitrobenzene (I,T)
U170
p-Nitrophenol
U171
2-Nitropropane (I,T)
U172
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
U173
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
U174
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
U176
N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea
U177
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
U178
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane
U179
N-Nilrosopiperidine
U180
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
U181
5-Nitro-o-toluidine
U193
1,2-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide
U058
2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-, 2-oxide
U115
Oxirane (I,T)
U126
Oxiranecarboxyaldehyde
U041
Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-
U182
Paraldehyde
U391
Pebulate
U183
Pentachlorobenzene
U184
Pentachloroethane
U185
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
see F027
Pentachlorophenol
U161
Pentanol, 4-methyl-
U186
1,3-Pentadiene (I)
U187
Phenacetin
U188
Phenol
U048
Phenol, 2-chloro-
U039
Phenol, 4-chloro-3-methyl-
U081
Phenol, 2,4-dichloro-
U082
Phenol, 2,6-dichloro-
U089
Phenol, 4,4'-(1,2-diethyl-1,2-ethenediyl)bis-, (E)-
U101
Phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-
U052
Phenol, methyl-
U132
Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[3,4,6-trichloro-
U411
Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-, methylcarbamate
U170
Phenol, 4-nitro-
see F027
Phenol, pentachloro-
see F027
Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-
see F027
Phenol, 2,4,5-trichloro-
see F027
Phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-
U150
L-Phenylalanine, 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-
U145
Phosphoric acid, lead (2+) salt (2:3)
U087
Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl S-methyl ester
U189
Phosphorus sulfide (R)
U190
Phthalic anhydride
U191
2-Picoline
78
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
U179
Piperidine, 1-nitroso-
U400
Piperidine, 1,1'-(tetrathiodicarbonothioyl)-bis-
U383
Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate
U378
Potassium n-hydroxymethyl-n-methyldi-thiocarbmate
U377
Potassium n-methyldithiocarbamate
U192
Pronamide
U194
1-Propanamine (I,T)
U111
1-Propanamine, N-nitroso-N-propyl
U110
1-Propanamine, N-propyl- (I)
U066
Propane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-
U083
Propane, 1,2-dichloro
U149
Propanedinitrile
U171
Propane, 2-nitro- (I,T)
U027
Propane, 2,2'-oxybis[2-chloro-
U193
1,3-Propane sultone
see F027
Propanoic acid, 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-
U235
1-Propanol, 2,3-dibromo-, phosphate (3:1)
U140
1-Propanol, 2-methyl (I,T)
U002
2-Propanone (I)
U007
2-Propenamide
U084
1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-
U243
1-Propene, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3- hexachloro-
U009
2-Propenenitrile
U152
2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl- (I,T)
U008
2-Propenoic acid (I)
U113
2-Propenoic acid, ethyl ester (I)
U118
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester
U162
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester (I,T)
U373
Propham
U411
Propoxur
U387
Prosulfocarb
U194
n-Propylamine (I,T)
U083
Propylene dichloride
U148
3,6-Pyridazinedione,1,2-dihydro-
U196
Pyridine
U191
Pyridine, 2- methyl-
U237
2,4-( 1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-
U164
4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2,3-dihydro-6-methyl-2-thioxo-
U180
Pyrrolidine,1-nitroso-
U200
Reserpine
U201
Resorcinol
U202
Saccharin, & salts
U203
Safrole
U204
Selenious acid
U204
Selenium dioxide
U205
Selenium sulfide
U205
Selenium sulfide SeS2 (R,T)
79
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
U376
Selenium, tetrakis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
U015
L-Serine, diazoacetate (ester)
see F027
Silvex (2,4,5-TP)
U379
Sodium dibutyldithiocarbamate
U381
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
U382
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
U206
Streptozotocin
U103
Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester
U277
Sulfallate
U189
Sulfur phosphide (R)
see F027
2,4,5-T
U402
Tetrabutylthiuram disulfide
U207
1,2,4,5- Tetrachlorobenzene
U208
1, 1, 1, 2- Tetrachloroethane
U209
1, 1, 2, 2- Tetrachloroethane
U210
Tetrachloroethylene
see F027
2, 3, 4, 6- Tetrachlorophenol
U213
Tetrahydrofuran (I)
U401
Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide
U214
Thallium(I) acetate
U215
Thallium(I) carbonate
U216
Thallium(I) chloride
U216
Thallium chloride Tlcl
U217
Thallium(I) nitrate
U366
2H-1,3,5-Thiadiazine-2-thione, tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-
U218
Thioacetamide
U410
Thiodicarb
U153
Thiomethanol (I,T)
U244
Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide [(H2N)C(S)]2S2, tetramethyl-
U402
Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetrabutyl
U403
Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetraethyl
U409
Thiophanate-methyl
U219
Thiourea
U244
Thiram
U220
Toluene
U221
Toluenediamine
U223
Toluene diisocyanate (R,T)
U328
o-Toluidine
U353
p-Toluidine
U222
o-Toluidine hydrochloride
U389
Triallate
U011
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine
U227
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
U228
Trichloroethylene
U121
Trichloromonofluoromethane
see F027
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
see F027
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
80
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
EPA HW
Number
Inherently Toxic Listed Hazardous Wastes
(40 CFR §261.33(f))
U404
Triethylamine
U234
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (R,T)
U182
1,3,5-Trioxane, 2,4,6-trimethyl-
U235
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
U236
Trypan blue
U237
Uracil mustard
U176
Urea, N-ethyl-N-nitroso
U177
Urea, N-methyl-nitroso-
U385
Vernolate
U043
Vinyl chloride
U248
Warfarin, & salts, when present at concentrations of 0.3% or less
U239
Xylene (I)
U200
Yohimban-16-carboxylic acid,11, 17-dimethoxy-18-[(3, 4, 5- trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]-, methyl ester,(3 beta, 16 beta,
17 alpha, 18 beta, 20 alpha)
U407
Zinc, bis(diethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-
U249
Zlnc phosphide Zn3P2, when present at concentrations of 10% or less
81
APPENDIX G
Material Safety Data Sheet Example
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
Name/Synonym:
n-Hexane
Formula CAS No.:
110-54-3
Molecular Weight:
86.18
HEXANE
Chemical Formula:
CH3(CH2)4CH3
Hazardous Ingredients: n-Hexane, mixture of isomers
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED.
AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. MAY CAUSE IRRITATION.
Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame.
Use with adequate ventilation.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.
Keep container closed.
Avoid breathing vapor.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
EMERGENCY/FIRST AID
Aspiration hazard. If swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water or milk if available. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of contact,
immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. In all cases call a physician.
SEE SECTION 5.
DOT Hazard Class:
Flammable Liquid.
SECTION 1: PHYSICAL DATA/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Appearance:
Clear, colorless solution.
Solubility:
Insoluble in water.
Melting Point: 95°C (-139°F)
Vapor Density (Air=1): 3.0
Evaporation Rate: No information found.
Odor:
Odorless.
Boiling Point:
 68°C (154°F)
Specific Gravity:
 0.7
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): 124 @ 20°C (68°F)
SECTION 2: FIRE AND EXPLOSION INFORMATION
FIRE:
Extremely Flammable. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Flashpoint:
 22 to -26°C (-7 to -15°F)
Auto-ignition temperature:  240 to 260°C (464 to 500°F)
Flammable limits in air, % by Volume: lel: 1.1; uel: 7.5
EXPLOSION:
Above flashpoint, vapor-air mixtures are explosive within flammable limits noted above. Contact with oxidizing materials may cause
extremely violent combustion.
FIRE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide. Water spray may be used to keep fire exposed containers cool.
SPECIAL INFORMATION:
In the event of fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full
face piece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Water spray may be used to keep fire exposed containers cool. Use
chemical safety goggles. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this material. Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition source
and flash back.
SECTION 3: REACTIVITY DATA
STABILITY:
Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Heat will contribute to instability.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Toxic gases and vapors may be released if involved in a fire.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:
This substance does not polymerize.
INCOMPATIBILITIES: Strong Oxidizers.
SECTION 4: LEAK/SPILL DISPOSAL INFORMATION
Ventilate area of leak or spill. Remove all sources of ignition. Clean-up personnel require protective clothing and respiratory protection from vapors.
Contain and recover liquid when possible. Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Collect as hazardous waste and atomize in a suitable RCRA approved
combustion chamber, or absorb with vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material for disposal as hazardous waste in a RCRA approved facility. Do not
flush to sewer!
Ensure compliance with local, state and federal regulations.
82
SECTION 5: HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
A. EXPOSURE/HEALTH EFFECTS
INHALATION: Mild irritant to the respiratory tract.
Over exposure may cause light headedness, nausea, and blurred vision. Greater exposure may
cause unconsciousness and death.
INGESTION: May cause abdominal pain, nausea. Other symptoms parallel inhalation. Aspiration into the lungs can produce severe lung damage.
SKIN CONTACT: May cause redness, irritation.
EYE CONTACT: Vapors may cause irritation. Splashes may cause redness and pain.
CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Chronic inhalation may cause peripheral nerve disorders.
AGGRAVATION OF PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS: Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems or impaired respiratory
function may be more susceptible to the effects of the substance.
B. FIRST AID
INHALATION:
INGESTION:
Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Aspiration Hazard. If swallowed, DO NOT induce vomiting. Give large quantities of water or milk if available. Call a physician
immediately. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
SKIN EXPOSURE:
EYE EXPOSURE:
Remove any contaminated clothing. Wipe off excess from skin. Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.
Wash eyes with plenty of water for at least fifteen minutes. If irritation develops, get medical attention.
C. TOXICITY DATA (RTECS, 1986)
Oral rat LD50: 28,710mg/kg. Irritation data: eye human 5 ppm. Reproductive effects references cited.
SECTION 6: OCCUPATIONAL CONTROL MEASURES
AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMITS: n-Hexane [110-54-3]: OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 50 ppm (TWA)
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 50 ppm (TWA)
A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposure below the Airborne
Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing
dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, "Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices", most
recent edition, for details.
PERSONAL RESPIRATORS: (NIOSH approved) If the TLV is exceeded a full face piece chemical cartridge respirator may be worn, in general,
up to 100 times the TLV or the maximum use concentration specified by the respirator supplier, whichever is less. Alternatively, a supplied air full face
piece respirator or air lined hood may be worn.
VENTILATION SYSTEM:
SKIN PROTECTION:
EYE PROTECTION:
Gloves and lab coat, apron or coveralls.
Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where splashing is possible. Contact lenses should not be worn when
working with this material. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
SECTION 7: STORAGE AND SPECIAL INFORMATION
Protect against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location, away from direct sunlight and any area where the fire hazard may be acute.
Store in tightly closed containers (preferably under nitrogen atmosphere). Outside or detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a
standard flammable liquids storage room or cabinet. Separate from oxidizing materials. Containers should be bonded and grounded for transfers to avoid
static sparks. Storage and use areas should be NO SMOKING areas. Use non-sparking type tools and equipment.
83
APPENDIX H
Additional Resources
Many resources exist to help science instructors deal with laboratory chemicals, safety and health, hazardous
waste and emergency spill information. The following sources have been compiled to assist instructors with
problems in the laboratory.
For Information on:
Contact:
Laboratory chemical safety and health
American Chemical Society
Health and Safety Referral Service
1155 Sixteenth St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 872-4511
Chemical exposure, poisoning
West Virginia Poison Center
School of Pharmacy, WVU Medical Center
Charleston Division
3110 MacCorkle Ave., S.E.
Charleston, WV 25304
1-800-642-3625
Chemical Spills
WV Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Water & Waste Management
601 57TH STREET
Charleston, WV 25304-1234
1-800-642-3074
(304) 926-0465
Conservation Education and Litter Control
WV Department of Natural Resources
Conservation Education and Litter Control
Building 3, Capitol Complex
Charleston, WV 25305
(304) 558-3370
Pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers
Department of Agriculture
Pesticide Programs, Building 11
Guthrie Agricultural Center
Charleston, WV 25305
(304) 558-2208
Pollution, Toxic Chemical and Oil Spills
National Response Center Hotline
1-800-424-8802
Hazardous Waste Regulations
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Region III,
RCRA Programs Branch (3 HW 53)
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Regulations on shipping hazardous wastes
U. S. Department of Transportation Hotline
(202) 462-2075
WV Solid Waste Management Board
WV Materials Exchange
304-558-0844
www.state.wv.us/swmb/exchange/index.htm
Materials Exchanges
84
Health and Safety Regulations
U. S. Dept. of Health & Human Services
Public Health Service
Centers for Disease Control
National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health
Cincinnati, OH 45226
1-800-356-4674
Small Quantity Generator Regulations
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
RCRA/Superfund Hotline
1-800-424-9346
(Also see WV DEP/DWWM)
Radioactive wastes (low level and other wastes)
WV Dept. of Health and Human Services
Environmental Health Services
Industrial Hygiene Section
Building 3, Room 550, Capitol Complex
Charleston, WV 25305
(304) 558-3526
WEST VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
DIVISION OF WATER & WASTE MANAGEMENT
(WV DEP / DWWM)
OFFICE
AREA COVERED
Division of Water &Waste Management
Boone, Cabell, Clay, West Kanawha, Lincoln,
Logan, Putnam, Mason, Mingo, and Wayne
Counties.
601 57TH STREET
Charleston, WV 25304-1234
(304) 926-0465
Division of Water & Waste Management
116 Industrial Drive
Oak Hill, WV 25901
(304) 465-1919 x 3054
Fayette, Greenbrier, Eastern Kanawha, McDowell,
Mercer, Monroe, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Raleigh,
Summers, Webster, and Wyoming Counties.
Division of Water & Waste Management
2311 Ohio Avenue
Parkersburg, WV 26101
(304) 420-4635
Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Jackson,
Pleasants, Ritchie, Roane, Tyler, Wood, and Wirt
Counties.
Division of Water & Waste Management
2031 Pleasant Valley Rd.
Fairmont, WV 26554
(304) 367-2724
Barbour, Harrison, Lewis, Pendleton, Randolph,
Tucker, and Upshur Counties.
Division of Water & Waste Management
1060 Chapline Street, Suite 303
Wheeling, WV 26003-2995
(304) 238-1075
Brooke, Hancock, Marshall, Monongalia, Ohio,
Preston, Taylor, and Wetzel Counties.
Division of Water & Waste Management
# 1 Depot Street
Romney, WV 26757
(304) 822-7266
Berkeley, Grant, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson,
Mineral, & Morgan Counties.
85
APPENDIX I
Guide to Federal Environmental Acronyms
AHERA
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 (TSCA Title II)
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ATSDR
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AWT
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
BACT
Best Available Control Technology
BAT
Best Available Technology
BCT
Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology
BOD
Biological Oxygen Demand
BPT
Best Practicable Control Technology
BTU
British Thermal Unit
CAA
Clean Air Act
CAIR
Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (under TSCA)
CAS
Chemical Abstract Service
CEPP
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program
CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund)
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission
CWA
Clean Water Act
CZM
Costal Zone Management
DOT
Department of Transportation
DOT-E
Designation of Materials Exempt from Department of Transportation Regulations
EP
Extraction Procedure
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EPCRA
Emergency Planning, Community Right to Know Act (Title III of SARA)
ERC
Emissions Reduction Credit
FIFRA
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
FWPCA
Federal Water Pollution Control Act
HCS
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (Worker Right to Know)
HMTA
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
HSWA
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (1984 RCRA Amendments)
IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer
ITC
Interagency Testing Committee
LAER
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
LEPC
Local Emergency Planning Committee
LQG
Large Quantity Generator (of Hazardous Waste)
LUST
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
MBO
Management by Objectives
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets
MTB
Materials Transportation Bureau of the Department of Transportation
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NESHAP
National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NPDES
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPL
National Priority List
NPRM
Notice of Proposed Rule Making
86
NRC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRC
National Response Center
NSPS
New Source Performance Standards
NTP
National Toxicity Program
ORM
Other Regulated Material
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHRC
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
OSWER
(USEPA) Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
OTA
(USEPA) Office of Technology Assessment
PEL
Permissible Exposure Limit
pH
Potential of Hydrogen, a measurement of acidity and alkalinity
PM
Preventive Maintenance
pM
10 micron particulate matter
POTWs
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
PRPs
Potentially Responsible Parties
PSD
Prevention of Significant Deterioration
psia
Pounds per Square Inch/ Absolute
RACT
Reasonably Achievable Control Technology
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RQ
Reportable Quantity
RSPA
Research and Special Programs Administration of the Department of Transportation
RTEC
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
SARA
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1987
SDWA
Safe Drinking Water Act
SERC
State Emergency Response Committee
SERT
State Emergency Response Team
SIC
Standard Industrial Code
SIP
State Implementation Plan
SNUR
Significant New Use Rule
SOCMA
Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association
SPCC
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan
SQG
Small Quantity Generator (of Hazardous Waste)
SRF
State-administrated water pollution control Revolving Funds
SWDA
Solid Waste Disposal Act
TPQ
Threshold Planning Quantity (SARA Title III)
TSCA
Toxic Substance Control Act
TSDF
Treatment, Storage, or Disposal Facility
TSP
Total Suspended Particulates (air)
TSS
Total Suspended Solids (water, non-filterable)
UIC
Underground Injection Control
UN
United Nations
IUPAC
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
USDW
Underground Source of Drinking Water
UST
Underground Storage Tank
VHAP
Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant
VOC
Volatile Organic Compound
Z list
OSHA list of hazardous chemicals (29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Worker Right to Know)
87
APPENDIX J
Glossary
Acute
Severe but of short duration. Acute health effects are those that occur immediately after exposure to
hazardous chemicals.
Acutely Toxic
Chemicals that cause severe short- and long-term health effects after a single, brief exposure. Chemicals
These chemicals (when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin) can cause damage to living tissue,
impairment of the central nervous system, severe illness, or, in extreme cases, death.
Ambient
Surrounding. Ambient temperatures are temperatures of the surrounding area (e.g., air or water).
Carcinogen
An agent that produces cancer.
CAS Number
Chemical Abstract System Number: a standard reference number. Each regulated material is assigned its
own CAS number.
CERCLA
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (Superfund),
regarding hazardous substance releases into the environment and the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste
disposal sites.
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations.
Chemical
Scientific designation of a chemical in accordance with nomenclature system developed by the Name
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts Service rules of
nomenclature, or a name which will clearly identify the chemical .
Chronic
Of long duration or having frequent recurrence. Chronic health effects are those that become apparent or
continue for some time after exposure to hazardous chemicals.
Corrosive
A chemical that causes critical destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at
the site of contact. A chemical is considered to be corrosive if, when tested on the intact skin of albino
rabbits by the method described by the U. S. Department of Transportation, it destroys or changes
irreversibly the structure of the tissue at the site of contact following an exposure period of four hours. This
term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.
CSR
Code of State Regulations.
Diamond
(NFPA 704M)
Four-segment diamond placed on the outside of fixed site locations; color-coded segments indicate
categories and levels of health, flammability and reactivity risks.
ERG
Emergency Response Guidebook. A handbook published and distributed by DOT for initial response
personnel’s use at hazardous materials events.
Environment
Water, air, land, and the interrelationship existing between them and all living things.
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency.
Evacuation
A population protection strategy involving orderly movement of people away from an actual or potential
hazard, and providing reception centers for those without their own resources for temporary relocation.
Explosive
A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected
to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
Exposure
Occurs when any animal [including humans] is subjected to a hazardous chemical through any route of entry
(inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or absorption, etc.).
Full Protective
Clothing
Clothing that will prevent gasses, vapors, liquids, and solids from coming in contact with the skin. Full
protective clothing usually includes a self-contained breathing apparatus, impermeable coveralls, a hood,
rubber boots, gloves, taped around legs, arms and waist to seal any gaps.
Hazard
Any situation that has the potential for causing damage to life, property, and/or the environment.
Hazard Class
A group of materials, as designated by the Department of Transportation, that share a common major
hazardous property, i.e., radioactivity, flammability, etc.
Hazardous
Chemicals
All chemicals which constitute a physical hazard or a health hazard as defined by 29 CFR 1910.1200(c),
with the exception listed in section 311(e). Any chemical which is a physical or a health hazard.
Hazardous
Waste
Discarded materials that EPA regulates under the authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) because of public health and safety concerns. Under RCRA, a hazardous waste is fully
regulated from cradle to grave -- that is, from its time of creation until it is properly discarded.
88
Health
Chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence (based on at least one study conducted in
Hazard accordance with established scientific principles) that acute or chronic health effects may occur in
an exposed human population. The term health hazard includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic
or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins,
neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes,
or mucous membranes.
IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health; the maximum level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for
thirty minutes and escape without suffering irreversible health effects or escape-impairing symptoms.
In Place
A population protection strategy involving personnel remaining in a building, or seeking shelter in a building
Sheltering or other structure, in lieu of evacuation, for protection from a life safety threat, (e.g. a vapor cloud
or explosion). The indoors sheltering of people to prevent external contact or inhalation of harmful
chemicals. All air circulation devices should be shut off and windows and doors closed. In extreme cases
the cracks around doors and windows may be taped or stuffed with wet rags. In place sheltering is
anticipated to last a short time, no more than a few hours.
Irritant
A chemical, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact.
Lethal
Causing or capable of causing death.
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets. Compilation of the health, flammability, and reactivity hazards of a chemical. It
is a legal document, required by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1200(g). Each MSDS contains information about safe
handling of a hazardous chemical in the workplace, and will contain recommended exposure limits.
Morbidity
Ability to cause illness or disease.
Mutagen
A material that creates a change in the genetic structure of the parent, and which is potentially capable of
being transmitted to the offspring.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Federal agency responsible for workplace safety regulation.
Physical
Chemical for which there is scientifically-valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a flammable gas,
Hazard explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable reactive, or water
reactive.
Placard
A label required on all four sides of all vessels transporting hazardous materials, displaying either the UN
class code and four-digit identification number of the hazardous material(s) or the hazard class of the
material(s) within an eleven inch diamond.
Release
Any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching,
dumping, or disposing into the environment (including abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, and
other closed receptacles) of any Hazardous Chemical, Extremely Hazardous Substance, or CERCLA
Hazardous Substance which enters the environment.
Risk
A measure of the probability that damage to life, property, and/or the environment will occur if a hazard
manifests itself; this measure includes the severity of anticipated consequences to people.
Sensitizer
Chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction
in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical.
Synergism
Enhanced combined effect of two or more agents acting in concert; greater than the arithmetic adding of
separate, single effects would project.
Teratogen
Chemical affecting the offspring when the mother carrying the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to that
material.
TLV
Threshold Limit Value. The maximum level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for eight hours without
suffering irreversible health effects.
Toxic
A substance so listed in the latest version of the Federal Register; determined by the USEPA Chemical to be
of potential danger to human health/life.
Toxic
Substances that can be poisonous if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed into the body through Materials cuts or
breaks in the skin.
Toxicity
Ability of a substance to cause damage to living tissue, impairment of central nervous system, severe illness,
or death when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the skin.
Toxicology
The study of the adverse effects of chemical agents on biological systems.
Water
A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a Reactive health
hazard.
89
APPENDIX K
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91