FLOW CHART 1
Chemical Enterprise
FLOW CHART 2A
Recycled / Reused
Material input
Virgin Material
input
Renewable
Material input
Recycled / Reused
Material input
Material to Recycle / Reuse
Chemical
Transformation
Process (step 1)
Waste
(air, solid waste, wastewater)
Intermediates
Material to Recycle / Reuse
Virgin Material input
Renewable Material
Chemical
Transformation
Process (step 1+n)
input
Product and
Co-productoutput
Waste
(air, solid waste, wastewater)
FLOW CHART 2B (overall view to see where renewable fits for the standard)
(RESOURCE CATEGORIES)
(PER UNIT PRODUCT)
RESOURCES INPUT
1. Chemicals
2. Water
3. Energy
CHEMICAL TRANFORMATION
1. Net process chemicals (includes water)
2. Net co-process water
3. Net energy (process and co-process)
(PER UNIT PRODUCT)
WASTE MATATERIALS
1. Net Regulated Waste and GHG’s
2. Includes solid, liquid and gas waste.
Recycled /
Reused
Material input
Virgin Material
input
Renewable
Material input
Chemical
Transformation
Process
Product and
Co-productoutput
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS and CO-PRODUCT OUTPUT
1. Net chemical products and co-products generated per resources utilized
EVALUATTION OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
1. TBD (e.g. spider chart)
RESOURCE CATEGORIES
1. Chemical resource categories – (a) virgin, reusable, recyclable and renewable
2. Water resource categories – (a) sustainable (b) un-sustainable (c) water type
3. Energy resource categories – (a) renewable, (b) non-renewable
Material Going to
Recycle / Reuse
Waste
(air, solid waste, wastewater)
JC COMMENT – DEFINE RENEWABLE MATERIALS FOR STANDARD…
Below is an example approach…
Renewable Materials INPUT (flow chart 1)
Raw materials are provided by a supplier. The following are categories of raw materials that a supplier may provide to a chemical manufacturer:
Extraction Type
Mining
Oil and Gas
Nature
Agriculture
????
Sustainable?
If available
If available
If available
If available
If available
Raw Material Type
In-organic
Organic bio-based fossil (old growth)
Organic bio-based non-fossil (new growth)
Organic bio-based non-fossil (new growth)
Organic non-bio-based
Renewable
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
From the above, bio-based non-fossil is the renewable type material from nature and or agriculture.
The information delivered to the chemical manufacturer by the supplier.
If a raw material type is not made available by the supplier or is not known, the following approach may be utilized as an option to provide the above
required information:
1. Chemical composition of the material determined. Are the chemical(s) organic or in-organic?
2. If organic, is it bio-based or non-bio-based? If bio-based, fossil or non-fossil? This may be determined via the ASTM methods listed in the developed
spreadsheet (prior work).
3. For organic materials, the degradability may be determined via the ASTM methods listed in the developed spreadsheet….
Reused or Recycled Content Materials
Reused or recycled content material may be obtained from two basic sources:
1. Inside the chemical transformation gate (known by the chemical manufacturer inherent to chemical process)
2. From an outside source on-site or off-site (made known by the supplier of the chemical; no method available to determine if the supplier does not
provide the information)
Bioproducts or Bio-based Products are materials, chemicals and energy derived from renewable biological resources.[1][2][3]
Biological resources include agriculture, forestry, and biologically-derived waste, and there are many other renewable
bioresource examples. One of the scientific terms used to denote renewable bioresources is lignocellulose. Lignocellulosic
tissues are biologically-derived natural resources containing some of the main constituents of the natural world. 1)
Holocellulose is the carbohydrate fraction of lignocellulose that includes cellulose, a common building block made of sugar
(glucose) that is the most abundant biopolymer, as well as hemicellulose. 2) Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer.
Cellulose and lignin are two of the primary natural polymers used by plants to store energy as well as to give strength, as is the
case in woody plant tissues. Other energy storage chemicals in plants include oils, waxes, fats, etc., and because these other
plant compounds have distinct properties, they offer potential for a host of different bioproducts [4][5]
Conventional Bioproducts and Emerging Bioproducts are two broad categories used to categorize bioproducts. Examples
of conventional bio-based products include building materials, pulp and paper, and forest products. Examples of emerging
bioproducts or bio-based products include biofuels, bioenergy, starch-based and cellulose-based ethanol, bio-based adhesives,
biochemicals, biodegradable plastics, etc.[6][7] Emerging bioproducts are active subjects of research and development, and
these efforts have developed significantly since the turn of the 20/21st century, in part driven by the price of traditional
petroleum-based products, by the environmental impact of petroleum use, and by an interest in many countries to become
independent from foreign sources of oil. Bioproducts derived from bioresources can replace much of the fuels, chemicals,
plastics etc. that are currently derived from petroleum [8]
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Biomass Research and Development
BioPreferred
National Renewable Energy Laboratory - Fostering Bio-economy
U.S. DOE Biomass Program
ABCs of bioproducts
USDA Bio-based Products
Biomass Energy Research Association
Energy Title (Title IX) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
BioPreferred Program : Official site of the BioPreferred program
Renewable Fuels Association : Association dedicated to supporting the use of ethanol by promoting policies, regulations,
and research.
United Soybean Board : Promotes the use of U.S. grown soybeans in consumer and industrial products.
U.S. EPA Methane
Minnesota Biomass Exchange
Planet Power
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
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Forest Products Society
References
1. ^ Singh, S.P., Ekanem, E., Wakefield, T. Jr., and Comer S. (2003) “Emerging importance of bio-based products and bioenergy in the U.S. economy: information dissemination and training of students.” International Food and Agribusiness
Management Review Vol. 5(3)
2. ^ Biomass Research and Development Initiative, 2006: Vision for Bio-energy and Bio-Products in the United States –
Bio-economy for a Sustainable Future 2006 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_2006_vision.pdf
3. ^ National Research Council, 2000. Bio-based industrial products: priorities for research and commercialization. National
Academy Press, Washington DC
4. ^ Bowyer, J.L., Ramaswamy, S., 2005: “Redefining undergraduate education for the 21st Century: Minnesota moves
aggressively to strengthen program” Forest Products Journal, July-Aug 2005, 55 (7-8): 4-10)
5. ^ Ramaswamy, S., Tschirner, U., Chen, Y., 2007: “Transforming Academic Curricula: Pulp and Paper to Bio-based
Products - Providing Education and Research Training for the Conventional and Emerging Bio-based Products Industry
and the Bio-economy” ACS Symposium Series Chapter 4, Section 1, Materials, Chemicals and Energy from Forest
Biomass Ed. by Argyropoulos.
6. ^ Bowyer, J.L., Ramaswamy, S., 2005: “Redefining undergraduate education for the 21st Century: Minnesota moves
aggressively to strengthen program” Forest Products Journal, July-Aug 2005, 55 (7-8): 4-10)
7. ^ Ramaswamy, S., Tschirner, U., Chen, Y., 2007: “Transforming Academic Curricula: Pulp and Paper to Bio-based
Products - Providing Education and Research Training for the Conventional and Emerging Bio-based Products Industry
and the Bio-economy” ACS Symposium Series Chapter 4, Section 1, Materials, Chemicals and Energy from Forest
Biomass Ed. by Argyropoulos.
^ http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_bioproducts.html
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioproducts"