The 2008 grant letter and key performance target measures relating to carbon emissions Report to the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills Purpose 1. This document reports on our plans and progress in taking forward the 2008 grant letter and key performance target measures relating to carbon emissions. It also presents a summary of our recent and longer term activity on sustainable development which complements work on carbon reduction. Background 2. The 2008 grant letter from the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills to HEFCE dated 18 January contained specific requirements relating to climate change as set out below. ‘…………while higher education institutions have made some progress in reducing their carbon emissions, more needs to be done if the 2050 commitment to reduce emissions by 60% is to be achieved. I expect HEFCE to work with the sector to ensure these targets are met. Over the spending review, all institutions in receipt of capital funding should have plans to reduce carbon emissions, and performance against these plans should be a factor in future capital allocations. I would be grateful for a report on your plans for taking this forward by September 2008.’1 3. In parallel with this, the 2008 update to the HEFCE strategic plan for 2006-20112 contains a new Key Performance Target (KPT) relating to sustainable development. Formed following discussion with DIUS, KPT 15 is: ‘To finalise during 2008-09 in consultation with stakeholders a revised strategy for sustainable development in HE, which features a realistic target for carbon reductions which are sufficient to ensure satisfactory progress towards the government targets of reducing carbon emissions by 60 per cent against 1990 levels by 2050 and at least 26 per cent by 2020.’ 4. The policy context within which we are operating is set out at Annex B. 5. There is a close interrelationship between the two requirements, and our plans for taking these forward have been informed by discussions with senior university staff, governors and the Association of University Directors of Estates (AUDE). This report has been approved by the HEFCE Board. 1 Paragraph 18, which contains the requirements relating to climate change is set out in full at Annex A. 2 ‘HEFCE Strategic Plan 2006-11: Updated May 2008’ (HEFCE 2008/15), available at www.hefce.ac.uk under Publications. The grant letter requirements 6. The 2008 grant letter requirements comprise three elements: a. Working with the higher education (HE) sector so that it meets national emissions targets. b. Ensuring that all institutions in receipt of capital funding have plans in place to reduce carbon emissions by April 2011. c. Performance against the institutions’ plans to reduce carbon emissions to be a factor in future capital allocations. 7. In some respects the HE sector is at the forefront of change, but progress is uneven and much more can be done. We have a range of initiatives under way to help the sector meet national emissions targets. Also we will use the Capital Investment Framework to assess institutions’ progress and link this to future capital allocations. a. Working with the sector so that it meets national emissions targets Revolving Green Fund 8. In August this year we launched the Revolving Green Fund3, a partnership between HEFCE and Salix Finance Limited4. £30 million is available by 2011 to provide recoverable grants for projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The fund has two strands: the institutional small projects (ISP) fund and the transformational fund. 9. The ISP fund will provide ring-fenced money for carbon saving projects. Savings from funded projects will be repaid into the ring-fenced fund held by the institution, for reinvestment in further projects. Funds are only re-payable when the institution is unable to re-invest savings in eligible projects. Expressions of interest have been received from 63 institutions seeking a total of £24 million in the first year. 10. The transformational fund is for HEIs to tackle larger projects capable of high level change to an institution’s energy consumption and emissions. Applications in the region of £1-4 million per institution have been invited from HEIs who will act as beacons of good practice. Projects may include technologies which are new to the UK or the HE sector. We expect a strong level of interest in the transformational fund by the deadline of 17 October 2008. Building good practice 11. English universities continue to be at the forefront of developing society’s understanding of climate change and there are numerous initiatives within institutions. For example the University of Central Lancashire and King’s College London were among 12 organisations to successfully complete the pilot scheme for the Carbon Trust 3 The invitation to apply for funds is set out in HEFCE circular letter 20/2008, available at www.hefce.ac.uk under Publications. 4 Salix Finance is an independent, publicly funded company, set up in 2004 by the Carbon Trust, to accelerate public sector investment in energy saving technologies through invest to save schemes. 2 Standard, giving recognition for reducing carbon year on year. We are supporting a number of initiatives of this kind, designed to reduce carbon emissions and develop good practice (see Annex C). 12. A number of the projects detailed in Annex C are concerned with a mix of operations, teaching, research and business transfer. To maximise opportunities for this kind of synergy we have developed a sector impact assessment process so that sustainable development is considered throughout the development of HEFCE policies and initiatives. 13. The student body also plays an important role in promoting sustainable development and behaviour change. Case studies often involve environmental campaigns led by students and the NUS and NUS Services run a range of environmental programmes for their members. For example, the Carbon Academy, funded by the Carbon Trust seeks to reduce the collective carbon footprint of students’ unions by 5,800 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year through training and best practice in energy management. 14. Accommodation is a major source of carbon emissions in terms of initial construction, lighting, heating and cooling. Good work has been done to promote the efficient use of space5 but we believe that significant further progress is possible to ensure that facilities are affordable and matched to business needs. We are funding two projects that are looking at the design and use of space6 and will be undertaking a major review of the sector’s use of space in 2009. 15. We are supporting the Carbon Trust’s Higher Education Carbon Management programme7, which is designed to help universities reduce their carbon emissions. Fortyeight universities participated in the first three phases of the programme and a further 12 are participating in phase four. Institutions benefit from consultancy input to analyse and reduce their carbon footprint. 16. The Green Gown Awards, organised by the HEFCE-funded HEEPI project8, recognise environmental improvement. The awards recognise work in categories such as course content, energy and water efficiency, student initiatives and sustainable construction. HEFCE is a member of the group which oversees the awards. Carbon reduction frameworks 17. We are using the Leadership Governance and Management Fund to support carbon reduction frameworks. These include the Business in the Community benchmarking programme and EcoCampus, an environmental management system aligned to IS014001 but designed for further and higher education. We are in discussion with AUDE about a carbon foot-printing pilot project. 5 The UK Higher Education Space Management Group, www.smg.ac.uk 6 See Annex C projects 10 and 11 7 For more information see www.carbontrust.co.uk under Solutions/Public sector carbon management. 8 For more information see www.heepi.org.uk 3 18. Data on carbon performance is also collected through Estates Management Statistics (EMS)9. Coverage of environmental indicators has been significantly extended and further developments are in hand to deal more accurately with waste. Working in partnership 19. We are supporting the Universities UK sustainable development task group which is considering the merits of a ‘manifesto pledge’ on sustainable development. This may include a specific commitment on carbon. 20. Finally the sector is responding to regional, national and European regulation on carbon reduction, which is increasing in scope and impact10. We are involved in this where we can add value. HEFCE and corporate social responsibility 21. We believe that HEFCE needs to demonstrate good practice and during 2008 we achieved certification to ISO14001, an international environmental management system standard. Progress against our corporate social responsibility policy and targets is set out in an annual report.11 By November we expect to publish our new policy and targets, aligned with the SOGE12 targets. b. Ensuring that all institutions in receipt of capital funding have plans in place to reduce carbon emissions by April 2011 22. We will ensure that all institutions in receipt of capital funding have plans in place to reduce carbon emissions by April 2011. Institutions will be required to produce plans that have explicit clearance from a governing body or its relevant committee and to publish these plans and subsequent progress against them. 23. There should be considerable value in this process, which will be supported by guidance published by July 2009. Many of the 60 institutions who have been through or are participating in the Carbon Trust’s Higher Education Carbon Management Programme will have plans in place already, and there will be more that they can do. Others will need to catch up. 24. There is good practice guidance from the Carbon Trust, Defra and others to help institutions formulate plans, and we are commissioning guidance specific to the HE sector. We have already signalled to institutions the requirement for carbon plans, and will use the publication of the sector guidance and other opportunities to reinforce this. 9 See www.opdems.ac.uk 10 This includes the Carbon reduction commitment, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and the Energy End Use and Energy Services Directive. 11 Available at www.hefce.ac.uk/aboutus/environ/ 12 Sustainable Operations on the Government Estate: targets. Available at www.sustainabledevelopment.gov.uk/government/estates/targets.htm 4 c. Performance against the institutions’ plans to reduce carbon emissions to be a factor in future capital allocations 25. The Government is calling for a link to be established between performance against carbon plans – in effect carbon reduction – and future capital allocations. We will achieve this by adapting our Capital Investment Framework (CIF). Developed in 2007 to assess the extent to which institutions had a strategic approach to infrastructure planning and investment, CIF lends itself to assessing institutions’ processes and performance in reducing carbon emissions. 26. The CIF relies on a mix of metrics, information submitted by institutions and our knowledge in order to make a holistic and balanced assessment. The 84 institutions that satisfied the requirements of CIF are now benefiting from a streamlined process for capital funding. In advance of the next Spending Review we will re-model the process with a greater focus on carbon. 27. We will achieve this as follows: the metrics will include a further metric on carbon emissions, probably relative to income the strategic questions will be amended to include a more specific and demanding requirement in relation to carbon institutions will be required to report on progress in implementing the carbon plans, and on the results achieved. 28. Institutions unable to demonstrate that they meet the requirements will need to obtain project level funding approval and meet additional requirements. We will consult on what these should be, but expect to include specified levels of BREEAM13 certification for projects and project level justification of the need for any additional space. We will need to recognise that refurbishment projects may have lower carbon impacts but be unable to achieve BREEAM ratings that are possible with new builds. Similarly the results of the consultation and the research we are commissioning will allow us to establish baselines and be more specific about the plans and expected performance improvement. 29. We have already signalled to institutions a more demanding approach to carbon reduction and the need for carbon plans. We will make the guidance to institutions on preparing carbon plans available by July 2009. This will enable institutions to develop the plans and make progress in advance of the re-modelled CIF. We will consult further with the sector as we progress in order to ensure that the proposals are as effective as possible. 13 BREEAM stands for Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method. We are supporting the development of a BREEAM model for HE construction projects, which will allow easier, faster assessments at reduced cost. It has been argued that achieving an ‘Excellent’ rating is harder for refurbishment projects than new builds. For this reason, and because new build projects are more commonly associated with expansion of the building stock, a more challenging requirement for new build would seem appropriate. 5 Our Key Performance Target 30. The KPT target in our strategic plan comprises two elements: a. to finalise a revised sustainable development strategy b. to include within this a realistic target for carbon reductions which are sufficient to ensure satisfactory progress towards the government targets of reducing carbon emissions by 60 per cent against 1990 levels by 2050 and at least 26 per cent by 2020. 31. This requires HEFCE to finalise a revised strategy for sustainable development in HE during 2008-09, including a realistic target for carbon reduction which is sufficient to ensure satisfactory progress towards the Government’s 2020 and 2050 targets. There is a clear understanding of the role that the sector can play and support for a specific carbon strategy. We are commissioning work to help us define suitable targets. a. To finalise a revised sustainable development strategy 32. We are currently reviewing the 85 responses received to our consultation on the 2008 update to our sustainable development strategy14. The consultation drew on the findings of the 2007 strategic review of sustainable development in higher education15 and input from our sustainable development steering group. 33. We held three seminars in July which provided a forum to discuss the consultation, to share experiences and consider the roles and opportunities open to universities. We have not completed analysing the responses, but early indications are that there is a clear understanding of the role that the sector can play and strong support for a revised strategy. The HEFCE Board will receive a paper on the results of the consultation and a revised strategy and action plan at its next meeting in December. The revised sustainable development strategy will be published in January 2009. b. To include within this sustainable development strategy a realistic target for carbon reductions which are sufficient to ensure satisfactory progress towards the government targets of reducing carbon emissions by 60 per cent against 1990 levels by 2050 and at least 26 per cent by 2020. 34. The recently closed consultation asked for the sector’s views on a strategy for carbon management, whether the sector could exceed government targets, and how interim targets could be included. 35. We have had discussions with Defra and others to understand the scope of research that will be required to develop a target. For example we need to understand 14 ‘Sustainable development in higher education: Consultation on a 2008 update to strategic statement and action plan’ (HEFCE 2008/18). Available at www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2008/08_18/. 15 ‘‘Strategic review of sustainable development in higher education in England.’ Available at www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/rdreports/2008/rd03_08/ 6 more about the sources of carbon that need to be assessed, what allowance should be made for the expansion of higher education since 1990 and the financial cost of given target levels. 36. We are in the process of commissioning this research, and intend to have the results in time to inform sector targets for carbon reduction which we will consult on from March 2009. Strong commitment from the sector will give this work maximum impact, and we will work closely with sector bodies in undertaking the actions at Annex D. Conclusion 37. We believe that the work undertaken so far has achieved significant progress and that the plans for taking this forward will go much further in realising the very considerable contribution that the sector can make. We plan to report on progress through the new DIUS-led steering group on the role of the HE community in cutting carbon emissions. 7 Annex A Paragraph 18 from the 2008 HEFCE grant letter 18. ‘When I announced your capital budgets, I noted that among other things this would allow you to commit resources to your proposed Green Development Fund. I warmly welcome this initiative, and your plans to work in partnership with Salix to deliver it. I know that institutions will help develop responses to the problems we face, and I am pleased the Council is providing leadership in this area. More generally, while higher education institutions have made some progress in reducing their carbon emissions, more needs to be done if the 2050 commitment to reduce emissions by 60% is to be achieved. I expect HEFCE to work with the sector to ensure these targets are met. Over the spending review, all institutions in receipt of capital funding should have plans to reduce carbon emissions, and performance against these plans should be a factor in future capital allocations. I would be grateful for a report on your plans for taking this forward by September 2008’16. 16 The full letter can be read at www.hefce.ac.uk under Finance & assurance/Finance and funding/Grant letter from Secretary of State. 8 Annex B Higher Education Policy context 1. In September 2003 the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) launched the ‘Sustainable Development Action Plan for Education and Skills’. This plan asked HEFCE to develop a sustainable development strategy for ourselves and for the way we interact with the higher education sector. 2. With the benefit of feedback on our 2005 consultation (HEFCE 2005/0117) we published ‘Sustainable development in higher education’ (HEFCE 2005/08)18 later that year. This set out our approach to promoting sustainable development, and included a strategic statement and action plan, identifying practical actions within four support roles: engaging with stakeholders to bring about policy synergies on sustainable development building the capacity of people to manage sustainable development sharing good practice, or supporting the development of good practice where none exists rewarding more sustainable behaviour. 3. The document took account of the Government’s revised strategy for sustainable development, ‘Securing the Future’19, published during the consultation period. 4. The 2005 document contained the vision that: ‘within the next 10 years, the higher education sector in England will be recognised as a major contributor to society’s efforts to achieve sustainability – through the skills and knowledge that its graduates learn and put into practice, and through its own strategies and operations.’ 5. In 2007-08 we commissioned a strategic review of sustainable development activity in the sector. This report20 measures a baseline of sustainable development activity and allows us to learn from institutions’ experiences. Given the difficulties of measuring sustainable development the baseline is not a precise measure, but it will allow us to assess progress over time. The review shows that a lot of sustainable development activity is taking place in the sector, but notes that much more could be done. It confirmed that continuing with our non-prescriptive approach remains the best way to help institutions find the most appropriate way forward. It contains recommendations on how HEFCE and the sector could promote sustainable development activity, and has informed the development of a new action plan which we will complete in January 2009. 6. Several international charters, including the Kyoto, Talloires, and Copernicus declarations, have helped shape European, national and local policies. UNESCO has 17 ‘Sustainable development in higher education: Consultation on a support strategy and action plan’ (HEFCE 2005/01). Available at www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2005/05_01/. 18 Available at www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2005/05_28/. 19 Available at www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/publications/uk-strategy/index.htm. 20 ‘Strategic review of sustainable development in higher education in England.’ Available at www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/rdreports/2008/rd03_08/. 9 also declared 2005-2014 a Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. The UK National Commission is taking the lead in coordinating and monitoring the implementation of the Decade in the UK. 10 Annex C Sustainable development projects funded by HEFCE We have funded 18 sustainable development projects in HEIs via the following funding routes: Centres for Excellence in Teaching and Learning Higher Education Innovation Fund Leadership, Governance and Management Fund Strategic Development Fund. They are briefly described below. Centres for Excellence in Teaching and Learning 1. Centre for Sustainable Futures – University of Plymouth The project aims to transform the university into an institution modelling university-wide excellence in education for sustainable development and to contribute to this regionally, nationally and internationally. Students are provided with opportunities to engage critically with sustainability agendas and their social, ethical, professional and personal implications. The impact on student learning is reinforced by action research projects into the ‘greening’ of the campus and community and regional sustainability initiatives. www.csf.plymouth.ac.uk/ 2. Centre for Sustainable Communities Achieved through Integrated Professional Education (C-SCAIPE) – Kingston University C-SCAIPE aims to produce graduates with a holistic understanding of sustainable communities. Built environment professionals have a crucial role to play as buildings provide the context for economic and social activity. Working with the Centre for Education in the Built Environment subject centre and the professions, C-SCAIPE will produce the professionals of the future by: embedding sustainability principles within the curriculum stimulating students’ commitment to sustainability by developing understanding of disciplines beyond their own enhancing students’ connections with professional practice. www.kingston.ac.uk/surveying 11 Higher Education Innovation Fund 3. UrbanBuzz: Building Sustainable Communities – University College London and University of East London This project aims to establish an innovative knowledge exchange programme to create a network of professionals, practitioners and academics. They work together on projects which will develop new ways of delivering sustainable forms of development and community in London and the wider south-east region. www.urbanbuzz.ucl.ac.uk 4. Carbon Connections – University of East Anglia Carbon Connections aims to tackle our reliance on fossil fuels, with the aim of exploiting low-carbon technologies and encouraging behavioural change for environmental, social and economic benefit. An international network of academic and commercial partners are using the Carbon Connections project to turn innovative ideas into commercial reality. Sustainable building and renewable energy are two areas of particular interest to the project. www.carbon-connections.org Leadership, Governance and Management Fund 5. A guide to managing and enhancing biodiversity on campus – University of Hertfordshire The outcome of this project is a guide to promote biodiversity management and good practice in the higher education sector. The guide includes sections on biodiversity and its importance, benefits of managing biodiversity, legal issues, planning and setting targets, implementing changes, awareness and communication monitoring. The guide has been praised by the United Nations. www.eauc.org.uk under Resource Bank/Biodiversity 6. Development of an Association of University Directors of Estates (AUDE) estates management good practice self-assessment tool – University of Bradford AUDESAT is a self-assessment toolkit and web-site, launched in April 2007, comprising: a good practice estates management knowledge base, with web pages and hyperlinks to relevant documents and web-sites a good practice self-assessment model against which AUDE members can measure the estates management capabilities of their organisation, and benchmark their organisation against peers. www.aude.ac.uk under Info Centre/Good practice 12 7. EcoCampus EcoCampus is an environmental management system designed for the further and higher education sectors. It encourages and rewards universities and colleges for moving towards environmental sustainability, and therefore good operational and management practices. It is closely aligned to ISO14001 and BS8555 standards and has been designed to be achievable through a phased approach, enabling institutions to achieve progress and implement a full environmental management system in ‘bite-sized chunks’. It also benchmarks environmental improvement so an organisation can, subject to external verification, be given an EcoCampus award for achieving a certain level of environmental improvement. www.ecocampus.co.uk 8. GreenBuild – University of Bradford This project has two strands: the development of a standard Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) scheme to cover most higher education buildings; and GreenLab, a subsidiary project which will focus on the use of the scheme and other measures to develop more sustainable laboratories. Laboratories are among the most energy-intensive and water-intensive of higher education facilities and have other environmental impacts too. They are also important factors in the daily experience of science and technology students and researchers, and therefore have great potential impacts on their attitudes and behaviour. www.heepi.org.uk 9. Higher Education Environmental Performance Improvement Project (HEEPI) – University of Bradford HEEPI aims to stimulate strategic change and operational improvements by working with estates and other departments with energy and environmental responsibilities. It is helping the higher education sector to improve building design, minimise energy and water consumption, minimise waste generation and reduce transport impacts. It rewards good practice through the Green Gown Awards, runs courses and events, collates benchmarking data, and publishes case studies, guidance documents and online materials. www.heepi.org.uk 10. Innovative, effective, enjoyable? Creating the evidence base to deliver productive academic workplaces – Loughborough University With a view to creating more productive office-based research environments, evidence will be gathered on the performance of recently built academic research settings, together with learning from relevant commercial settings. It will investigate: the design team, stakeholder engagement, procurement and delivery process physical outcomes (buildings and layouts) the subsequent effect the spaces have on the academic community. 13 11. Learning landscapes: clearing pathways and making space – involving academics in leadership, governance and management of estates in higher education – University of Lincoln The project promotes closer collaboration between academics and estates professionals in the development of new learning landscapes, so that the strengths of the traditional academic environment are not lost when new spaces are developed to foster innovative approaches. It aims to develop a high-level framework, pathways and toolset to facilitate the dialogue between higher education institutions’ senior academic managers and their estates directors concerning the future direction of teaching and research practice and its implications for the built estate. Process tools will be piloted at steering group institutions and a training programme developed. 12. Moving towards zero-waste in student halls of residence by providing reuse schemes for real use – London School of Economics The project aims to contribute to sustainable development by diverting from landfill reusable items disposed of by university students in halls of residence, by moving them up the waste hierarchy towards reuse. Items are donated, stored and sold back at low cost to new students. This reduces demand on natural resources and saves money both for the university (waste disposal costs) and students, releasing funds for future studentled environmental projects. The items can also be donated to local community organisations, enhancing relationships and supporting low-income groups. The project increases student and staff leadership capacity for sustainable development because it requires a collaborative team effort. It also encourages a holistic management approach and effective governance structures. www.lse.ac.uk/collections/environment 13. The global university: the role of senior managers – Bournemouth University Aims to translate current debates in UK universities on internationalisation, globalisation and sustainable development into challenges for strategic leadership and change management. Senior managers reflect on and share their experiences of shaping ‘a global university’ in a publication that sources good practice and illustrates the value of ‘global perspectives’ to the vision and purpose of higher education institutions. Through the process of developing the publication and disseminating it, the project will contribute to the sector’s knowledge on how to discharge a university’s corporate and social responsibilities within the context of a global society and economy. www.dea.org.uk/sub-556208 14 14. The legacy of the 1960s university estate – Association for University Directors of Estates There is a ‘refurbish or replace’ dilemma for the sector in relation to the continued use of buildings constructed or planned in the 1960s. Using analysis of case studies and research on how other sectors address similar issues, the project is providing a set of tools and advice to assist institutions make appropriate decisions concerning sustainability options for this type of property. www.aude.ac.uk under Info Centre/1960s estate project 15. Testing the appropriateness of the Business in the Community corporate responsibility and environment indices for the higher education sector – Leeds Metropolitan University This project benchmarked universities from across England on their environmental and corporate responsibility performance. It then revealed how they rate against UK businesses. The project concluded that the Business in the Community environment and corporate responsibility indices are appropriate and offer much to the higher education sector. www.eauc.org.uk under Resource Bank/Resources/Publications 16. Universities that Count: Environment and Corporate Responsibility benchmarking programme for the higher education sector – EAUC and the University of Gloucestershire Building on the successful pilot project at Leeds Metropolitan University, this project will establish a benchmarking programme for the higher education sector using Business in the Community’s Environment and Corporate Responsibilities indices. A publicly reported, higher education sector-led benchmarking programme with sector-specific guidance material will help institutions measure, manage and report on their contribution to sustainable development, gauge performance improvement and share this information with their stakeholders. Strategic Development Fund 17. Ecoversity StuDent– University of Bradford The University of Bradford’s Ecoversity programme aims to promote a major change in attitudes to the environment on campus, among students and staff, and with the wider community. Ecoversity StuDent is a project in partnership with Yorkshire Forward. There are seven strands of work, including: academic pioneers who will enthuse staff; student engagement activities such as events, volunteering and student ambassadors; a standing exhibition on campus; and a research programme which will include action research that helps inform the development of the programme. www.brad.ac.uk/ecoversity 15 18. Centre for Efficient and Renewable Energy in Buildings – London South Bank University, City University and Kingston University The Centre for Efficient and Renewable Energy in Buildings will be a unique resource for teaching, research and demonstration of low-carbon energy technologies in the built environment. The centre is the result of a partnership between London South Bank, City and Kingston Universities. 16 Annex D Actions required to deliver the grant letter and KPT requirements Action By 1 Consult with sector on proposals and advise on requirement for carbon plans. Determine need for good practice guidance on producing carbon reduction plans and advise sector of requirements. Ongoing 2 Analyse sustainable development (SD) consultation responses. Sept 2008 3 Appoint consultant to advise on the scope, potential and measurement of carbon reduction at institutions. Oct 2008 4 Paper to the HEFCE Board reporting on the results of the SD consultation and a revised SD strategy and action plan. Dec 2008 5 Publish SD strategy and action plan. Jan 2009 6 Carbon consultancy on KPT target and strategy concludes. April 2009 7 Paper to 1 April HEFCE Board proposing carbon reduction targets and strategy. April 2009 8 Consult on the sector carbon reduction target and accompanying strategy. May 2009 9 Publish guidance on carbon plans and advise institutions of specific requirements. June 2009 10 Finalise methodology for the revised CIF in advance of the next comprehensive spending review outcome. 2009-10 17