Title: Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants
in US streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance
Author(s): Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB,
Buxton HT
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 36 (6): 1202-1211 MAR 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 63
Times Cited: 370
Abstract: To provide the first nationwide reconnaissance of the occurrence of
pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water
resources, the U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to
measure concentrations of 95 OWCs in water samples from a network of 139 streams
across 30 states during 1999 and 2000. The selection of sampling sites was biased
toward streams susceptible to contamination (i.e. downstream of intense urbanization
and livestock production). OWCs were prevalent during this study, being found in 80% of
the streams sampled. The compounds detected represent a wide range of residential,
industrial, and agricultural origins and uses with 82 of the 95 OWCs being found during
this study. The most frequently detected compounds were coprostanol (fecal steroid),
cholesterol (plant and animal steroid), N,N-diethyltoluamide (insect repellant), caffeine
(stimulant), triclosan (antimicrobial disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (fire
retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (nonionic detergent metabolite). Measured concentrations
for this study were generally low and rarely exceeded drinking-water guidelines, drinkingwater health advisories, or aquatic-life criteria. Many compounds, however, do not have
such guidelines established. The detection of multiple OWCs was common for this study,
with a median of seven and as many as 38 OWCs being found in a given water sample.
Little is known about the potential interactive effects (such as synergistic or antagonistic
toxicity) that may occur from complex mixtures of OWCs in the environment. In addition,
results of this study demonstrate the importance of obtaining data on metabolites to fully
understand not only the fate and transport of OWCs in the hydrologic system but also
their ultimate overall effect on human health and the environment.
KeyWords Plus: IN-GROUND WATER; SURFACE WATERS; DRUG RESIDUES;
ANTIBIOTICS; ENVIRONMENT; PESTICIDES; SEWAGE; FISH; CIPROFLOXACIN;
SPECTROMETRY
Addresses: Kolpin DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton St,Box 1230,
Iowa City, IA 52244 USA
US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA
US Geol Survey, Ocala, FL 34474 USA
US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
PDF File of Paper Found?
Review Notes
Title: A mixing model analysis of stream solute dynamics and the contribution of
a hyporheic zone to ecosystem function
Author(s): Battin TJ, Kaplan LA, Newbold JD, Hendricks SP
Source: FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 48 (6): 995-1014 JUN 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 58
Times Cited: 3
Abstract: 1. We monitored streamwater and streambed sediment porewaters from White
Clay Creek (WCC), SE Pennsylvania, for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved
oxygen (DO) and conductivity to investigate organic matter processing within the
hyporheic zone. Dissolved organic carbon and DO concentrations were higher in the
streamwater than in the porewaters and, in many cases, concentrations continued to
diminish with increasing depth into the streambed.
2. Hydrological exchange data demonstrated that the permeability of the stream bed
declines with depth and constrains downwelling, effectively isolating porewaters >30 cm
from streamwater.
3. End-member mixing analysis (EMMA) based on conductivity documented a DOC source
and DO sink in the hyporheic zone. We calculated hyporheic streambed DOC fluxes and
respiration from the EMMA results and estimates of water flux. Based upon our
calculations of biodegradable DOC entering the hyporheic zone, we estimate that DOC
supports 39% of the hyporheic zone respiration, with the remaining 61% presumably
being supported by entrained particulate organic carbon. Hyporheic respiration averaged
0.38 g C m(-2) d(-1) , accounted for 41% of whole ecosystem respiration, and increased
baseflow ecosystem efficiency from 46 to 59%.
4. Advective transport of labile organic molecules into the streambed concentrates
microbial activity in near-surface regions of the hyporheic zone. Steep gradients in
biogeochemical activity could explain how a shallow and hydrologically constrained
hyporheic zone can dramatically influence organic matter processing at the ecosystem
scale.
Author Keywords: dissolved organic carbon; ecosystem function; end-member mixing
analysis; hydrodynamic exchange; hyporheic zone
KeyWords Plus: DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; VERTICAL HYDROLOGIC EXCHANGE;
SURFACE-WATER; COMMUNITY RESPIRATION; BACTERIAL BIOMASS; HEADWATER
STREAMS; TEMPERATE STREAM; MOUNTAIN STREAM; DESERT STREAM; METABOLISM
Addresses: Kaplan LA (reprint author), Stroud Water Res Ctr, 970 Spencer Rd, Avondale,
PA 19311 USA
Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA
Hancock Biol Stn, Murray, KY USA
Publisher: BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG,
OXON, ENGLAND
Subject Category: MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
IDS Number: 679YA
Title: Modeling floodplain filtration for the improvement of river water quality
Author(s): Chung JB, Kim SH, Jeong BR, Lee YD, Prasher S
Source: TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA 60 (3): 319-337 SEP 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 37
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: A mathematical model was developed to describe a treatment method of
floodplain filtration for the improvement of river water quality. The process consists of
spraying poor quality river water onto the river floodplains and thus allowing soil filtration
to treat water before it gets back again into the main river stream. This technique can be
readily employed in Korea because it exploits the characteristics of the climate and rivers
in the country, as described in an experimental study of Chung et al. ( 2004). The model
was analyzed by numerical methods and validated by comparing the simulated values
with experimental data. A scenario analysis of the model was also performed in order to
have a better understanding of the. oodplain filtration process. Our results show that the
model was able to predict the reduction in organic matter and NO3- in river water
through the. oodplain filtration. Furthermore, it was found that only a few decimeters of
top soil profile were enough to degrade most of the organic matter under wider
operational conditions than those reported in the literature. Also, it was found that
significant infiltration of atmospheric oxygen took place near the soil surface. The N2O
emission and the NO3- leaching increased with the increase in the influent NO3concentration. However, the N2O emission due to. oodplain filtration was not expected to
exceed 0.1 mL/m(2)-day.
Title: Field tracer tests on the mobility of natural organic matter in a sandy
aquifer
Author(s): McCarthy JF, Gu B, Liang L, MasPla J, Williams TM, Yeh TCJ
Source: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 32 (5): 1223-1238 MAY 1996
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 45
Times Cited: 23
Abstract: The field-scale transport of natural organic matter (NOM) was examined in a
two-well forced gradient injection experiment in a sandy, coastal plain aquifer in
Georgetown, South Carolina. Spatial moments described the migration of the center of
mass of NOM and conservative tracer. Temporal moments were used to estimate mass
loss and retardation of the NOM along a transect of six sampling locations at two depths
and at the withdrawal well. Large differences were observed in transport behavior of
different subcomponents of NOM. Larger and more strongly binding NOM components in
the injection solution are postulated to adsorb and displace weakly binding, low-molecular
weight NOM in groundwater. Conversely, NOM components that were similar to the
groundwater NOM were transported almost conservatively, presumably due to
''passivation'' of the aquifer by previously adsorbed components of the groundwater NOM.
NOM may thus exhibit two types of effects on contaminant dynamics in the subsurface.
When the equilibria between solution and solid phase NOM is disrupted by introduction of
a novel source of NOM, descriptions of the multicomponent transport process are
complex and predictive modeling is problematic. Because of the differences in transport
behavior of NOM subcomponents, the chemical properties and, more importantly, the
functional behavior of NOM with respect to contaminant migration will vary with time and
distance along a flow path. However, when groundwater NOM exists at a steady state
with respect to adsorption on aquifer surfaces, the migration of NOM, and the
contaminant-NOM complex, may be approximated as the transport of a conservative
solute.
KeyWords Plus: AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORPTION AFFINITY; UNKNOWN
SUBSTANCES; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; WATER; CARBON; MACROMOLECULES;
EQUILIBRIUM; COLUMNS
Addresses: McCarthy JF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI,
POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA
UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA, DEPT GEOL, BARCELONA, E-08193 SPAIN
CLEMSON UNIV, BARUCH FOREST SCI INST, CLEMSON, SC 29631 USA
UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA
Publisher: AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC
20009
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; LIMNOLOGY; WATER RESOURCES
Title: The simultaneous modelling of metal ion and humic substance transport in
column experiments
Author(s): Bryan ND, Barlow J, Warwick P, Stephens S, Higgo JJW, Griffin D
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 7 (3): 196-202 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 29
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Pulsed column experiments using Co, fulvic acid and porous sediment packing,
along with up/down-flooding experiments using Eu, humic acid and intact sandstone
blocks have been performed. The elution of metal and humic and their distribution along
the sandstone columns have been measured. A mixed equilibrium and kinetic coupled
chemical transport model has been used to simulate the results. In both cases, one
exchangeable and one non-exchangeable component have been used to simulate the
interaction of metal and humic substance. For the pulsed experiments, a simple
equilibrium approach was used to model humic sorption, while a two component, kinetic
model was required for the sandstone columns.
KeyWords Plus: NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON-OXIDE; COMPETITIVE
ADSORPTION; SANDY AQUIFER; DESORPTION; SORPTION; ACIDS; DISPLACEMENT;
PARTICLES; MOBILITY
Addresses: Bryan ND (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Ctr Radiat Res,
Oxford Rd, Manchester, Lancs M13 9PL England
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Ctr Radiat Res, Manchester, Lancs M13 9PL England
Univ Loughborough, Dept Chem, Loughborough, Leics England
British Geol Survey, Keyworth, Notts NG12 5GG England
RMC Ltd, Abingdon, Oxon England
Publisher: ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON
RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Title: Modeling transport of a mixture of natural organic molecules: Effects of
dynamic competitive sorption from particle to aquifer scale
Author(s): van de Weerd H, van Riemsdijk WH, Leijnse A
Source: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 38 (8): Art. No. 1158 AUG 27 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 34
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: [1] Natural organic matter ( NOM) can act as a carrier for contaminants.
Therefore it is of great importance to understand its adsorption/desorption and transport
behavior. NOM is a mixture of molecules varying from simple small molecules like citric
acid to complicated large molecules like humic acid. To simulate sorption and transport of
NOM in aquifer material, we used a previously developed model ( NOMADS) describing
the dynamic competitive sorption of NOM fractions. We calibrated NOMADS using
independent batch adsorption data and incorporated it in a transport code. Sorption and
transport of NOM in laboratory column experiments and a field experiment were well
simulated using the calibrated model, indicating that the process descriptions used are
valid over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales and mass-to-volume ratios.
Simulation results provided insights into the influence of pore water velocity and NOM
concentration history on the shape of breakthrough curves of NOM fractions. The
heterogeneity of NOM appears to be essential to understanding its adsorption and
transport behavior.
Author Keywords: NOM; natural organic matter; mixture; sorption; competition;
transport
KeyWords Plus: REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT; CONTAMINATED SANDY SOIL;
POROUS-MEDIA; IRON-OXIDE; IMMOBILE SORBENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES;
ADSORPTION; MATTER; CARBON; MOBILITY
Addresses: van de Weerd H (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept
Environm Sci, Aquat Ecol & Water Qual Management Grp, POB 8080, Wageningen, NL6700 DD Netherlands
Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Subdept Water Resources, Wageningen,
Netherlands
Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Subdept Soil Qual, Wageningen, NL6700 EC Netherlands
Netherlands Inst Appl Geosci TNO, Geoenvironm Dept, Utrecht, NL-3508 TA Netherlands
Publisher: AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC
20009 USA
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; LIMNOLOGY; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 622JR
Title: Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: A review
Author(s): Kalbitz K, Solinger S, Park JH, Michalzik B, Matzner E
Source: SOIL SCIENCE 165 (4): 277-304 APR 2000
Document Type: Review
Language: English
Cited References: 237
Times Cited: 125
Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils plays an important role in the
biogeochemistry of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, in pedogenesis, and in the
transport of pollutants in soils. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent
literature about controls on DOM concentrations and fluxes in soils. We focus on
comparing results between laboratory and field investigations and on the differences
between the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and
phosphorus (DOP).
Both laboratory and field studies show that litter and humus are the most important DOM
sources in soils. However, it is impossible to quantify the individual contributions of each
of these sources to DOM release. In addition, it is not clear how changes in the pool sizes
of litter or humus may affect DOM release. High microbial activity, high fungal abundance,
and any conditions that enhance mineralization all promote high DOM concentrations.
However, under field conditions, hydrologic variability in soil horizons with high carbon
contents may be more important than biotic controls. In subsoil horizons with low carbon
contents, DOM may be adsorbed strongly to mineral surfaces, resulting in low DOM
concentrations in the soil solution. There are strong indications that microbial degradation
of DOM also controls the fate of DOM in the soil.
Laboratory experiments on controls of DOM dynamics have often contradicted field
observations, primarily because hydrology has not been taken into account. For example,
laboratory findings on the effects of plant species (conifer vs. deciduous) on DOM release
from forest floors and on the effects of substrate quality (e.g.: C/N ratio) or pH on DOC
concentrations were often not confirmed in field studies. The high adsorption capacity of
soil clay minerals and oxides for DOM shown in laboratory studies may not control the
transport of DOM in soils in the field if macropore fluxes dominate under field conditions.
Laboratory findings about the biodegradability of DOM also await verification under field
conditions.
Studies that include DON and DOP dynamics in addition to DOC are few. The rate of
release and the fate of DOG, DON, and DOP in soils may differ to a far greater extent
than previously assumed. Controls established for DOC might thus be not valid for DON
and DOP.
Despite intensive research in the last decade, our knowledge of the formation and fate of
DOM in soils and its response to changing environmental conditions is still fragmented
and often inconsistent. Predictions at the field scale are still very uncertain, and most of
the information available today is the result of studies on temperate soils and forest
ecosystems. Thus, future research on controls of DOM dynamics should be extended to
soils under different land uses and in other climate zones. Emphasis should also be given
to: (i) the effects of soil organic matter properties on the release of DOM (ii)
environmental factors controlling DOM quantity and quality (iii) the assessment of
biological versus physico-chemical controls on the release and retention of DOM in soils,
and (iv) the differences between DOG, DON, and DOP. Finally, if our goal is to predict
DOM concentrations and fluxes in soils, future research on the controls of DOM dynamics
should have a strong focus on field studies.
Author Keywords: dissolved organic matter (DOM); dissolved organic carbon (DOC);
dissolved organic nitrogen (DON); dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP); soils; controls
KeyWords Plus: ACID FOREST SOILS; CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL SOILS; WHEAT
STRAW DECOMPOSITION; SANDY PRAIRIE SOIL; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; HUMIC
SUBSTANCES; CARBON CONCENTRATIONS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; CONIFEROUS
FOREST; STREAM WATER
Addresses: Kalbitz K (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, BITOK, Inst Terr Ecosyst Res,
Dept Soil Ecol, Dr Hans Frisch Str 1-3, Bayreuth, D-95440 Germany
Univ Bayreuth, BITOK, Inst Terr Ecosyst Res, Dept Soil Ecol, Bayreuth, D-95440
Germany
Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3621 USA
Subject Category: AGRICULTURE, SOIL SCIENCE
IDS Number: 309MY
ISSN: 0038-075X
Title: Transformation of organic matter and bank filtration from a polluted
stream
Author(s): Cosovic B, Hrsak D, Vojvodic V, Krznaric D
Source: WATER RESEARCH 30 (12): 2921-2928 DEC 1996
Title: ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF THE HYDROPHOBIC FRACTION OF ORGANICMATTER IN NATURAL-WATERS
Author(s): COSOVIC B, VOJVODIC V
Source: MARINE CHEMISTRY 28 (1-3): 183-198 DEC 1989
Title: HUMUS TRANSFORMATION AT THE BANK FILTRATION WATER-PLANT
Author(s): MIETTINEN IT, MARTIKAINEN PJ, VARTIAINEN T
Source: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 30 (10): 179-187 1994
Document Type: Article
Title: Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from river water in a model
floodplain
Author(s): Chung JB, Kim SH, Jeong BR, Lee YD
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 33 (3): 1017-1023 MAY-JUN 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 26
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: A significant improvement in river water quality cannot be expected unless
nonpoint-source contaminants are treated in addition to the further treatment of pointsource contaminants. If river water is sprayed over a floodplain, the consequent water
filtration through the sediment profile can simultaneously remove organic matter and
nitrogen in the water through aerobic and denitrifying reactions. This hypothesis was
tested using lysimeters constructed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe (150 cm long, 15
cm in diameter) packed with loamy sand floodplain sediment. Water was applied to the
top of the lysimeters at three different flow rates (48, 54, and 68 mm d(-1)).
Concentrations of NO3 and dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and
redox potential (Eh) in the water were measured as functions of depth after the system
reached steady states for both water flow and reactions. At the rate of 68.0 mm d(-1), a
reducing condition for denitrification developed below the 5-cm depth due to the
depletion of 02 by organic matter degradation in the surface oxidizing layer; Eh and DO
were below 205 mV and 0.4 mg L-1, respectively. At a depth of 70 cm, COD and NO3-N
concentration decreased to 5.2 and 3.8 mg L-1 from the respective influent
concentrations of 17.1 and 6.2 mg L-1. Most biodegradable organic matter was removed
during flow and further removal of NO3 was limited by the lack of an electron donor (i.e.,
organic matter). These results indicate that the floodplain filtration technique has great
promise for treatment of contaminated river water.
Title: Effect of dissolved organic matter and bacteria on contaminant transport
in riverbank filtration
Author(s): Kim SB, Corapcioglu MY, Kim DJ
Source: JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 66 (1-2): 1-23 OCT 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 64
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: A mathematical model for the transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants
in an aquifer under simplistic riverbank filtration conditions is developed. The model
considers a situation where contaminants are present together with dissolved organic
matter (DOM) and bacteria. The aquifer is conceptualized as a four-phase system: two
mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a stationary solid phase. An equilibrium
approach is used to describe the interactions of contaminants with DOM, bacteria, and
solid matrix. The model is composed of bacterial transport equation and contaminant
transport equation. Numerical simulations are performed to examine the contaminant
transport behavior in the presence of DOM and bacteria. The simulation results illustrate
that contaminant transport is enhanced markedly in the presence of DOM and bacteria,
and the impact of DOM on contaminant mobility is greater than that of bacteria under
examined conditions. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the model is sensitive to
changes of three lumped parameters: K-1(+) (total affinity of stationary solid phase to
contaminants), K-2(+) (total affinity of DOM to contaminants), and K-3(+) (total affinity
of bacteria to contaminants). In a situation where contaminants exist simultaneously with
DOM and bacteria, contaminant transport is mainly affected by a ratio of K-1(+)/K2(+)/K-3(+), which can vary with changes of equilibrium distribution coefficient of
contaminants and/or colloidal concentrations. In riverbank filtration, the influence of
DOM and bacteria on the transport behavior of contaminants should be accounted to
accurately predict the contaminant mobility. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
reserved.
Author Keywords: riverbank filtration; hydrophobic organic contaminant; dissolved
organic matters; bacteria; colloid-facilitated transport
KeyWords Plus: POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL POROUS-MEDIA;
ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; MOBILE BACTERIA; BANK FILTRATION;
LABORATORY COLUMN; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; SURFACE WATERS; GROUNDWATER
Addresses: Kim SB (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul,
136701 South Korea
Korea Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, 136701 South Korea
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Title: Contaminant transport in riverbank filtration in the presence of dissolved
organic matter and bacteria: a kinetic approach
Author(s): Kim SB, Corapcioglu MY
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 266 (3-4): 269-283 SEP 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 25
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: In riverbank filtration, the removal of organic contaminants is an important
task for the production of good quality drinking water. The transport of an organic
contaminant in riverbank filtration can be retarded by sorption on to the solid matrix
and facilitated by the presence of mobile colloids. In the presence of dissolved organic
matter (DOM) and bacteria, the subsurface environment can be modeled as a four-phase
porous medium: two mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a solid matrix. In
this study, a kinetic model is developed to simulate the contaminant transport in
riverbank filtration in the presence of DOM and bacteria. The bacterial deposition and
the contaminant sorption on bacteria and DOM are expressed with kinetic expressions.
The model equations are solved numerically with a fully implicit finite difference method.
Simulation results show that the contaminant mobility increases greatly in riverbank
filtration due to the presence of DOM. The mobility can be enhanced further when the
bacteria and DOM are present together in the aquifer. In this system, the total aqueous
phase contaminant concentration, C-ct(+) includes the contaminant dissolved in the
aqueous phase, C-c(+) the contaminant sorbed to DOM, sigma(cd)(+), and the
contaminant sorbed to mobile bacteria, C(b)(+)sigma(cbm)(+),(i.e. C-ct(+) = C-c(+) +
sigma(cd)(+) + C-b(+) sigma(cbm)(+)) Sensitivity analysis illustrates that the
distribution of the total aqueous phase contaminants among the dissolved phase, DOM
and bacteria is changed significantly with various Damkohler numbers related to the
contaminant sorption on mobile colloids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
reserved.
Author Keywords: riverbank filtration; contaminant transport; colloids; dissolved
organic matter; bacteria
KeyWords Plus: GROUNDWATER-INFILTRATION; LABORATORY COLUMN; ALLUVIAL
AQUIFER; MOBILE BACTERIA; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; FIELD; HYDROCARBONS;
SOLUBILITY; COLLOIDS
Addresses: Kim SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX
77843 USA
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Title: Contaminant transport in dual-porosity media with dissolved organic
matter and bacteria present as mobile colloids
Author(s): Kim SB, Corapcioglu MY
Source: JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 59 (3-4): 267-289 DEC 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English Cited References: 33
Times Cited: 3
Abstract: In riverbank filtration, contaminant transport is affected by colloidal
particles such as dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacterial particles. In addition, the
subsurface heterogeneity influences the behavior of contaminant transport in riverbank
filtration. A mathematical model is developed to describe the contaminant transport in
dual-porosity media in the presence of DOM and bacteria as mobile colloids. In the model
development, a porous medium is divided into the mobile and immobile regions to
consider the presence of ineffective micropores in physically heterogeneous riverbanks.
We assume that the contaminant transport in the mobile region is controlled by the
advection and dispersion while the contaminant transport in the immobile region occurs
due to the molecular diffusion. The contaminant transfer between the mobile and
immobile regions takes place by diffusive mass transfer. The mobile region is
conceptualized as a four-phase system: two mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase,
and a solid matrix. The complete set of governing equations is solved numerically with a
fully implicit finite difference method. The model results show that in riverbank
filtration, the contaminant can migrate further than expected due to the presence of
DOM and bacteria. In addition, the contaminant mobility increases further in the presence
of the immobile region in aquifers. A sensitivity analysis shows that in dual-porosity
media, earlier breakthrough of the contaminant takes place as the volumetric fraction of
the mobile region decreases. It is also demonstrated that as the contaminant mass
transfer rate coefficient between the mobile and immobile regions increases, the
contaminant concentration gradient between the two regions reverses at earlier pore
volumes. The contaminant mass transfer coefficient between the mobile and immobile
regions mainly controls the tailing effect of the contaminant breakthrough. The
contaminant breakthrough curves are sensitive to changes in contaminant adsorption and
desorption rate coefficients on DOM and bacteria. In situations where the contaminant is
released in the presence of DOM and bacteria in dual-porosity media, the early
breakthrough and tailing occur due to the colloidal facilitation and presence of immobile
regions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: riverbank filtration; dual-porosity media; mobile-immobile region;
colloid-facilitated transport; colloids
KeyWords Plus: POROUS-MEDIA; THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT; FACILITATED
TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; AQUIFER; MODEL; SOIL;
HYDROCARBONS; BREAKTHROUGH
Addresses: Kim SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX
77843 USA
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Title: Contaminant transport in riverbank filtration in the presence of dissolved
organic matter and bacteria: a kinetic approach
Author(s): Kim SB, Corapcioglu MY
Source: JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 266 (3-4): 269-283 SEP 15 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 25
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: In riverbank filtration, the removal of organic contaminants is an important
task for the production of good quality drinking water. The transport of an organic
contaminant in riverbank filtration can be retarded by sorption on to the solid matrix
and facilitated by the presence of mobile colloids. In the presence of dissolved organic
matter (DOM) and bacteria, the subsurface environment can be modeled as a four-phase
porous medium: two mobile colloidal phases, an aqueous phase, and a solid matrix. In
this study, a kinetic model is developed to simulate the contaminant transport in
riverbank filtration in the presence of DOM and bacteria. The bacterial deposition and
the contaminant sorption on bacteria and DOM are expressed with kinetic expressions.
The model equations are solved numerically with a fully implicit finite difference method.
Simulation results show that the contaminant mobility increases greatly in riverbank
filtration due to the presence of DOM. The mobility can be enhanced further when the
bacteria and DOM are present together in the aquifer. In this system, the total aqueous
phase contaminant concentration, C-ct(+) includes the contaminant dissolved in the
aqueous phase, C-c(+) the contaminant sorbed to DOM, sigma(cd)(+), and the
contaminant sorbed to mobile bacteria, C(b)(+)sigma(cbm)(+),(i.e. C-ct(+) = C-c(+) +
sigma(cd)(+) + C-b(+) sigma(cbm)(+)) Sensitivity analysis illustrates that the
distribution of the total aqueous phase contaminants among the dissolved phase, DOM
and bacteria is changed significantly with various Damkohler numbers related to the
contaminant sorption on mobile colloids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights
reserved.
Author Keywords: riverbank filtration; contaminant transport; colloids; dissolved
organic matter; bacteria
KeyWords Plus: GROUNDWATER-INFILTRATION; LABORATORY COLUMN; ALLUVIAL
AQUIFER; MOBILE BACTERIA; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER; FIELD; HYDROCARBONS;
SOLUBILITY; COLLOIDS
Addresses: Kim SB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX
77843 USA
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Title: Artificial recharge of humic ground water
Author(s): Alborzfar M, Villumsen A, Gron C
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 30 (1): 200-209 JAN-FEB 2001
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 30
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of soil in removing
natural organic matter from humic ground waters using artificial recharge. The study site,
in western Denmark, was a 10 000 m(2) football held of which 2000 m(2) served as an
infiltration held. The impact of the artificial recharge was studied by monitoring the water
level and the quality of the underlying shallow aquifer, The humic ground water contained
mainly humic acids with an organic carbon (OC) concentration of 100 to 200 mg C L-1. A
total of 5000 m(3) of humic ground water were sprinkled onto the infiltration field at an
average rate of 4.25 mm h(-1). This resulted in a rise in the water table of the shallow
aquifer, The organic matter concentration of the water in the shallow aquifer, however,
remained below 2.7 mg C L-1. The organic matter concentration of the pore water in the
unsaturated zone was measured at the end of the experiment. The organic matter
concentration of the pore water decreased from 105 mg C L-1 at 0.5 m to 20 mg C L (1)
at 2.5 m under the infiltration field indicating that the soil removed the organic matter
from the humic ground water, From these results we conclude that artificial recharge is a
possible method for humic ground water treatment.
KeyWords Plus: ORGANIC-CARBON; SUBSTANCES; REMOVAL
Addresses: Gron C (reprint author), DHI Water & Environm, Agern Alle 11, Horsholm,
DK-2970 Denmark
DHI Water & Environm, Horsholm, DK-2970 Denmark
Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Geol & Geotech Engn, Lyngby, DK-2800 Denmark
Title: Origin and structures of groundwater humic substances from three Danish
aquifers
Author(s): Gron C, Wassenaar L, Krog M
Source: ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 22 (5): 519-534 1996
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 65
Times Cited: 17
Abstract: Structural, chemical, and isotopic parameters were used to identify the origins
of groundwater humic substances from three Danish aquifers. A variety of analytical
techniques (visible light absorption, molecular weight distribution, C-13-NMR
spectroscopy, elemental composition with major elements and halogens, hydrolyzable
amino acids and carbohydrates, carbon isotopes) applied to aquatic humic and fulvic
acids led to consistent structural interpretations for each of the three aquifers studied.
For humic substances in two-aquifers, the analyses suggested source rocks in agreement
with geological and hydrogeochemical information. In a third aquifer, source rock
identification was inconclusive, and multiple fossil and recent organic carbon sources are
suggested.
KeyWords Plus: ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; SULFUR
ENRICHMENT; EARLY DIAGENESIS; C-13 NMR; ACIDS; SEDIMENTS; RATIOS; CARBON;
WATERS
Title: Reactivity of organic matter in aquifer sediments: Geological and
geochemical controls
Author(s): Hartog N, Van Bergen PF, De Leeuw JW, Griffioen J
Source: GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 68 (6): 1281-1292 MAR 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 96
Times Cited: 3
Abstract: Reduction rates in aquifers are commonly carbon limited, but little is known
about the molecular composition and degradability of sedimentary organic matter (SOM)
in aquifer sediments. The composition, source and degradation status of SOM in aquifer
sediments of fluvio-glacial (Pleistocene) and shallow marine (Pliocene) origin, were
determined using flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Incubation
experiments (106 d) were used to assess the reactivity of SOM towards molecular oxygen.
A dominance of lignin-derived components and long chain odd-over-even predominant
alkanes indicate that terrestrial higher land plants were the main source of SOM even in
the shallow marine sediments, while bacterial lipid-derived hopanoids and iso- and
anteiso-C-15 and C-17 fatty acids indicate a minor contribution of microbial biomass. No
compositional difference was observed between SOM present in the fine (<63 mum) and
coarse fraction (63-2000 mum). A significant part of SOM was not present as lowmolecular-weight compounds but was macromolecularly bound. For the fluvio-glacial
sediments, a relatively higher abundance of resistant macromolecular compounds was in
agreement with stronger signs of aerobic lignin, alkane and hopanoid oxidation. The more
degraded status of SOM in the fluvio-glacial sediments was consistent with their
significantly lower SOM mineralization (2-6%) during incubation, as compared with the
shallow marine sediments (9-14%). The reactivity towards oxygen of SOM was controlled
by the extent of past aerobic oxidation. Not the age of SOM, but the extent of oxygen
exposure during syn- and postdepositional conditions seems most important in affecting
the degradation status of SOM in aquifer sediments and thus their ability to reduce
oxidants. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd.
KeyWords Plus: CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PARTICLE-SIZE
FRACTIONS; GROUNDWATER HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS;
STRAIGHT-CHAIN BIOPOLYMERS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS;
SELECTIVE PRESERVATION; PHENANTHRENE SORPTION; CARBON PRESERVATION
Addresses: Hartog N (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L
3G1 Canada
Univ Utrecht, Dept Geochem, Fac Earth Sci, Utrecht, NL-3508 TA Netherlands
TNO, Netherlands Inst Appl Geosci, Delft, NL-2600 Netherlands
Title: Depositional and paleohydrogeological controls on the distribution of
organic matter and other reactive reductants in aquifer sediments
Author(s): Hartog N, Griffioen J, van Bergen PF
Source: CHEMICAL GEOLOGY 216 (1-2): 113-131 MAR 15 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 94
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: The reactivity of sedimentary reductants is the main control for the natural
attenuation of common groundwater contaminants, such as nitrate or chlorinated
hydrocarbons. Middle Miocene to Late Pleistocene (0.01-20 My old) aquifer sands of
marine, fluvial, fluvio-glacial and aeolian origin were characterized to determine the
control of sediment depositional environment, sediment age and paleohydrology on the
distribution and reactivity of sedimentary reductants. In addition to the variability in the
molecular composition of sedimentary organic matter (SOM), the reduction reactivity of
these sediments was determined. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production
during sediment incubations indicated that SOM, pyrite and ferrous iron-bearing
carbonates were the main reductants. Bulk delta(13)C(org)-values (similar to 25 parts
per thousand) indicated that terrestrial higher land plants were the main precursor of
SOM, regardless of sediment origin. However, pyrolysis-GC/MS analysis showed that SOM
in the marine Tertiary sands contained lignin with preserved side-chains, while in the
Pleistocene fluvial and fluvio-aeolian sediments, highly degraded lignin and recalcitrant
macromolecular aliphatic structures dominated SOM, indicative of aerobic degradation.
The higher dynamics of these terrestrial depositional environments as compared with
their marine counterpart, likely allows for increased oxygen exposure times and thus
more intense aerobic degradation of SOM. The aquifer sediment that fills a large erosional
valley created during the Saale ice-age, likely consists of fluvio-glacially reworked marine
Tertiary sediments, as supported by carbonate isotopic evidence. The more degraded
status and decreased reactivity of SOM in this sediment than in its precursor, is likely due
to the increased oxygen exposure during dynamic fluvio-glacial reworking. Despite the
highly degraded nature of SOM and the absence of pyrite in the Pleistocene fluvial and
fluvio-aeolian sediments, oxygen consumption rates were high during the incubation of
sediments from the shallowest part of the aquifer. A reactive ferroan carbonate phase
was inferred as the main source of oxidant demand in shallow fluvial and aeolian sands.
Depleted oxygen and carbon isotopes indicated that this phase was groundwater derived.
Aerobic degradation during sediment deposition appears to control the molecular
composition and reactivity of SOM in aquifer sediments and to affect the potential of
subsequent diagenetic pyrite formation. In addition, (paleo)hydrological conditions may
result in the accumulation of a ferrous iron-bearing carbonate phase precipitated during
the exfiltration of Fe(II)containing anoxic groundwater. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights
reserved.
Author Keywords: kerogen; sedimentary organic matter; pyrite; ferrous iron; oxygen
reduction; pyrolysis; carbonate isotopes
KeyWords Plus: ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
CARBONATE-BUFFERED SOLUTION; ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION;
NITRATE REDUCTION; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PYRITE OXIDATION;
SWAMP SEDIMENTS
Title: Dissolved organic carbon transformations during laboratory-scale
groundwater recharge using lagoon-treated wastewater
Author(s): Westerhoff P, Pinney M
Source: WASTE MANAGEMENT 20 (1): 75-83 2000
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 21
Times Cited: 4
Abstract: Reuse of treated wastewater through groundwater recharge has emerged as
an integral part of water and wastewater management in arid regions of the world,
Aerated-lagoon wastewater treatment followed by surface infiltration offers a simple lowtech, low-cost treatment option for developing countries. This study investigated the fate
of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment (SAT)
soil columns over a 64-week period. Aerated-lagoon wastewater (average DOC = 17 mg/l)
and two soils were collected near the USA/Mexico border near Nogales, AZ. Laboratoryscale SAT columns exhibited three phases of 'aging' where infiltration rates and DOC
removals were delineated. DOC removal ranged from 39% to greater than 70% during
the study, with DOC levels averaging 3.7 and 5.8 mg/l for the SAT columns packed with
different soils. Soil with a higher fraction of organic carbon content had higher effluent
DOC levels, presumably due to leaching of soil organic matter. UV absorbance data
indicated preferential biodegradation removal of low molecular weight, low aromatic DOC.
Overall, SAT, reduced the potential towards forming trihalomethanes (THMs) during
disinfection, although the reactivity (mu g THM/mg DOC) increased. SAT and
groundwater recharge would provide a high degree of DOC removal in an integrated lowtech wastewater reuse management strategy, especially for developing countries in arid
regions of the world. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: dissolved organic carbon; aerated lagoon; groundwater recharge
KeyWords Plus: SOIL AQUIFER TREATMENT; WATER; INFILTRATION
Addresses: Westerhoff P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm
Engn, Box 5306,Engn Ctr Room ECG252, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
Burgess & Niple Inc, Project Engn, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA
Title: Nature and transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment
wetlands
Author(s): Barber LB, Leenheer JA, Noyes TI, Stiles EA
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 35 (24): 4805-4816 DEC 15 2001
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 39
Times Cited: 10
Abstract: This investigation into the occurrence, character, and transformation of
dissolved organic matter(DOM) in treatment wetlands in the western United States shows
that (i) the nature of DOM in the source water has a major influence on transformations
that occur during treatment, (ii) the climate factors have a secondary effect on
transformations, (ii!) the wetlands receiving treated wastewater can produce a not
increase in DOM, and (iv) the hierarchical analytical approach used in this study can
measure the subtle DOM transformations that occur. As wastewater treatment plant
effluent passes through treatment wetlands, the DOM undergoes transformation to
become more aromatic and oxygenated. Autochthonous sources are contributed to the
DOM, the nature of which is governed by the developmental stage of the wetland system
as well as vegetation patterns. Concentrations of specific waste water derived organic
contaminants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, caffeine, and
ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid were significantly attenuated by wetland treatment and
were not contributed by internal loading.
KeyWords Plus: CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULARWEIGHT; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WASTE-WATER; WASTEWATERS; CALIFORNIA;
EFFLUENTS; REMOVAL; CARBON
Addresses: Barber LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO
80303 USA
US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA
US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA
Title: Assessing the removal potential of soil-aquifer treatment systems for bulk
organic matter
Author(s): Rauch T, Drewes L
Source: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 50 (2): 245-253 2004
Document Type: Review
Language: English
Cited References: 16
Times Cited: 2
Abstract: The fate of effluent organic matter (EfOM) during groundwater recharge was
investigated by studying the removal behavior of four bulk organic carbon fractions
isolated from a secondary effluent: Hydrophilic organic matter (HPI), hydrophobic acids
(HPO-A), colloidal organic matter (OM), and soluble microbial products (SMPs). Shortterm removal of the bulk organic fractions during soil infiltration was simulated in
biologically active soil columns. Results revealed that the four organic fractions showed a
significantly different behavior with respect to biological removal. HPI and colloidal OM
were prone to biological removal during initial soil infiltration (0-30 cm) and supported
soil microbial biomass growth in the infiltrative surface. Additionally, colloidal OM was
partly removed by physical adsorption or filtration. HPO-A and SMPs reacted recalcitrant
towards biological degradation as indicated by low soil biomass activity responses.
Adsorbability assessment of the biologically refractory portions of the fractions onto
powered activated carbon (PAC) indicated that physical removal is not likely to play a
significantly role in further diminishing recalcitrant HPO-A, HPI and SMPs during longer
travel times in the subsurface.
Author Keywords: colloidal organic matter; effluent organic matter; hydrophilic organic
matter; hydrophobic acids; soluble microbial products; water reuse
KeyWords Plus: RECLAIMED WATER; DRINKING-WATER; GROUNDWATER; NOM
Addresses: Rauch T (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn,
Golden, CO 80401 USA
Colorado Sch Mines, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA
E-mail Addresses: trauch@mines.edu, jdrewes@mines.edu
Title: Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from river water in a model
floodplain
Author(s): Chung JB, Kim SH, Jeong BR, Lee YD
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 33 (3): 1017-1023 MAY-JUN 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 26
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: A significant improvement in river water quality cannot be expected unless
nonpoint-source contaminants are treated in addition to the further treatment of pointsource contaminants. If river water is sprayed over a floodplain, the consequent water
filtration through the sediment profile can simultaneously remove organic matter and
nitrogen in the water through aerobic and denitrifying reactions. This hypothesis was
tested using lysimeters constructed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe (150 cm long, 15
cm in diameter) packed with loamy sand floodplain sediment. Water was applied to the
top of the lysimeters at three different flow rates (48, 54, and 68 mm d(-1)).
Concentrations of NO3 and dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and
redox potential (Eh) in the water were measured as functions of depth after the system
reached steady states for both water flow and reactions. At the rate of 68.0 mm d(-1), a
reducing condition for denitrification developed below the 5-cm depth due to the
depletion of 02 by organic matter degradation in the surface oxidizing layer; Eh and DO
were below 205 mV and 0.4 mg L-1, respectively. At a depth of 70 cm, COD and NO3-N
concentration decreased to 5.2 and 3.8 mg L-1 from the respective influent
concentrations of 17.1 and 6.2 mg L-1. Most biodegradable organic matter was removed
during flow and further removal of NO3 was limited by the lack of an electron donor (i.e.,
organic matter). These results indicate that the floodplain filtration technique has great
promise for treatment of contaminated river water.
KeyWords Plus: NITRATE DEPLETION; DENITRIFICATION; AQUIFER; INFILTRATION;
GROUNDWATER; SOIL; SWITZERLAND; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; OXYGEN
Addresses: Chung JB (reprint author), Daegu Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Gyongsan, 712714
South Korea
Daegu Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Gyongsan, 712714 South Korea
Daegu Univ, Dept Agron, Gyongsan, 712714 South Korea
Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kyongsan, 712749 South Korea
E-mail Addresses: jbchung@daegu.ac.kr
Title: Behaviour of different molecular-weight fractions of DOC of Elbe river
water during river bank infiltration
Author(s): Ludwig U, Grischek T, Nestler W, Neumann V
Source: ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA 25 (3): 145-150 MAY 1997
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 15
Times Cited: 6
Abstract: This paper reports changes in dissolved organic carbon concentration
beta(DOC) and the relation between UV-active and non-UV-active components
determined for Elbe river water and river bank infiltrate in the Torgau river basin between
1992 and 1993. Using an ultrafiltration method, the fractionation of the DOC content was
obtained for the fractions >10 000 g/mol, 1 000...10 000 g/mol, and <1 000 g/mol. The
spectral absorption coefficient at 254 nm a(254) Of the molecular-weight fractions was
also measured. The mean total DOC concentration of Elbe river water decreased from 6.0
mg/L to below 3.9 mg/L along two investigated flowpaths. Two thirds of the decrease
occurred within the first few metres of the river bed and one third along the 350 m length
of the groundwater flowpaths. The a(254) values showed a significant decrease from 14.8
1/m in Elbe river water to 7.8 1/m in the aquifer. Along a flowpath, the proportion of lowmolecular weight fraction of DOC increased, the proportion of high-molecular weight
fraction decreased, and the proportion of the 1 000...10 000 g/mol molecular-weight
fraction remained relatively stable. The Elbe river water contained the main portion of
UV-active compounds in the fraction 1 000...10 000 g/mol, and this was also the case for
samples of river infiltrate. For the high-molecular weight fraction, mainly non-W-active
compounds were attenuated in the river bed sediment.
Author Keywords: DOC molecular-weight fractions; spectral absorption coefficient;
river bank infiltration; ultrafiltration
KeyWords Plus: TRANSPORT
Addresses: Ludwig U (reprint author), Hsch Tech & Wirtsch, LB Wasserwesen, Dresden,
D-01069 Germany
Hsch Tech & Wirtsch, LB Wasserwesen, Dresden, D-01069 Germany
Publisher: WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN,
GERMANY
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 185QP
ISSN: 0323-4320
Title: Influence of humic substance alteration during soil passage on their
treatment behaviour
Author(s): Gerlach M, Gimbel R
Source: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 40 (9): 231-239 1999
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 22
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: Humic substances are nor major objectives of water treatment in drinking
water supply. But, as they often influence the treatment efficiency or participate in
treatment reactions, their behaviour in the treatment process can significantly determine
the process design. A very effective pretreatment step can be achieved by soil passage (e.
g. bank filtration or slow sand filtration) which is usually involved in German surface
water treatment processes. In this study transport phenomena of humic matter during
underground passage are investigated with special attention to the alteration of their
treatment behaviour.
In a fundamental a work the deposition of humic substances was studied in a model
system. Transport phenomena could mathematically be described by a filtration theory of
colloidal transport. From the results of these calculations the collision efficiencies of
humic substances on clean and coated surfaces can be derived. The humic substance
deposition on subsurfaces is accompanied by a classification based on molecular weight.
An additional alteration of dissolved humic matter due to microbiological degradation and
partial resolvation of deposited humic matter was observed by passage of river water
through columns containing actual soil. The alteration of dissolved organic matter during
soil passage is finally characterized by its adsorption and chlorination precursor behaviour.
All results confirm that bank filtration is an effective pretreatment step particulary due to
the decrease in connection with improvement in treatability of humic matter. (C) 1999
Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the IAWQ. An rights reserved.
Author Keywords: humic substances; dissolved organic matter; bank filtration;
adsorption; THM precursor
KeyWords Plus: DEPOSITION
Addresses: Gerlach M (reprint author), IWW Rhein Westfael Inst Wasserforsch, Moritzstr
26, Mulheim An Der Ruhr, D-45476 Germany
IWW Rhein Westfael Inst Wasserforsch, Mulheim An Der Ruhr, D-45476 Germany
Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Fac Mech Engn, Inst Chem Engn Water Engn, Duisburg, D47048 Germany
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 264GU
ISSN: 0273-1223
Title: EFFECT OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER AND PH ON THE MIGRATION OF
ZINC THROUGH RIVER BANK SEDIMENTS
Author(s): BOURG ACM, DARMENDRAIL D
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 13 (7): 695-700 JUL 1992
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 7
Times Cited: 7
Abstract: The migration of zinc through river bank sediments is studied in column
experiments. Even when the initial dissolved zinc is low enough to prevent precipitation
of zinc minerals in the column, adsorption processes strongly retard the transport of the
metal with respect to water. Organic matter, when dissolved, can significantly increase
the mobility of Zn. Small pH variations are as important as organic matter in the control
of the solubility and transport of zinc. The adsorption of zinc seems to control, at least
partially, the solubility of organic matter (most likely as ternary surface complexes of the
form solid-Zn-organics). Dissolved organic matter and pH are therefore master variables
for the understanding of zinc transport through river bank sediments.
Author Keywords: ZINC; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; PH; SEDIMENTS;
PERCOLATION
Addresses: BOURG ACM (reprint author), BUR RECH GEOL & MINIERES, NATL GEOL
SURVEY, DEPT GEOCHEM, BP 6009, ORLEANS, F-45060 2 FRANCE
BUR RECH GEOL & MINIERES, NORD PAS CALAIS REG AGCY, HELEMMES LILLE, F-59260
FRANCE
Publisher: SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV, 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON,
ENGLAND W4 1BN
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: JL029
ISSN: 0959-3330
Title: Mobilization of heavy metals and arsenic in polluted wetland soils and its
dependence on dissolved organic matter
Author(s): Kalbitz K, Wennrich R
Source: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 209 (1): 27-39 JAN 8 1998
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 38
Times Cited: 48
Abstract: The wetland soils of the Mulde river in the industrial district of BitterfeldWolfen (Germany) are highly contaminated with heavy metals and arsenic. We studied
the mobility of accumulated heavy metals and arsenic and the influence of dissolved
organic matter (DOM) on element mobility. Undisturbed soil cores were taken from five
different sites to represent a wide range of heavy-metal contamination, soil properties
and dissolved organic carbon (DOG) concentrations. The acid-soluble concentrations
(mostly equal to the total content) were up to 1100 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 800 mg kg(-1) for
Cr, 364 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 265 mg kg(-1) for As and 37 mg kg(-1) for Hg, depending on
the sampling site. Percolation experiments using small lysimeters with undisturbed topsoil
cores illustrated a considerable mobilization of Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr and Hg, depending on soil
properties. Up to 80 mu g 1(-1) Cd, 8 mg 1(-1) Zn, 130 mu g 1(-1) Cr, 160 mu g 1(-1)
Cu and 7 mu g 1(-1) Hg were detected in the soil percolates. Arsenic mobilization was
low. The concentration of Cr, Hg, Cu and As in the soil percolates was positively
correlated with DOM. Besides the element content (mobile or acid-soluble), soil pH and
soil characteristics describing the soil potential for heavy-metal adsorption (clay, oxides,
cation exchange capacity), the DOC concentration in the soil solution should be known to
access the potential mobilization of Hg, Cr, Cu and As. In contrast, Cd and Zn
mobilization depends on soil pH and mobile element content, but not on DOM. Additional
studies on two soil profiles (down to 1.5 m) confirmed the translocation of heavy metals
from the highly contaminated topsoil into deeper soil horizons and into the groundwater
and the influence of DOM as revealed with the percolation experiment. Our results also
showed that DOM is of minor importance on the mobilization of heavy metals in soils with
a low soil pH (< 4.5). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
Author Keywords: heavy metals; arsenic; mobilization; wetland soils; percolation
experiment; dissolved organic matter
KeyWords Plus: SOLUBLE ORGANICS; SPECIATION; TRANSPORT; CADMIUM; COPPER;
ZINC; CHEMISTRY; CARBON; SLUDGE; PINE
Addresses: Kalbitz K (reprint author), Ctr Environm Res, Dept Soil Sci, Hallesche Str 44,
Lauchstadt, D-06246 Germany
Ctr Environm Res, Dept Soil Sci, Lauchstadt, D-06246 Germany
Ctr Environm Res, Dept Analyt Chem, Leipzig, D-04318 Germany
E-mail Addresses: kalbitz@bdf.ufz.de
Title: Complexation between Hg(II) and dissolved organic matter in stream
waters: an application of fluorescence spectroscopy
Author(s): Wu FC, Cai YR, Evans D, Dillon P
Source: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 71 (3): 339-351 DEC 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 31
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Complexation between Hg(II) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected
from streams in Ontario, Canada, was studied using three-dimensional excitation
emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that DOM reacted
with Hg(II) rapidly, and the complexation reached pseudo-equilibrium within 20 s.
Maximum excitation/emission (Ex/Em) wavelengths shifted towards the longer
wavelengths, indicating that DOM structure changed during its interaction with Hg(II).
Using fluorescence quenching titrations, complexing parameters, conditional stability
constants and the percentage of fluorophores participating in the complexation, were
estimated by the modified Stern-Volmer equation. The experimental and field survey
results suggest that the Hg-DOM complexation in various streams was related to water
quality parameters, e.g. DOC, Cl-, and cation concentrations, and was strongly affected
by UV irradiation.
Author Keywords: complexation; dissolved organic matter; fluorescence; mercury;
kinetics; streams
KeyWords Plus: FULVIC-ACID; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; METAL-IONS; LAKE BIWA;
COPPER(II); LIGANDS; MERCURY; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; PHOSPHORUS
Addresses: Wu FC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab
Environm Geochem, Guiyang, 550002 Peoples R China
Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang, 550002
Peoples R China
Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J
7B8 Canada
E-mail Addresses: fcwu@hotmail.com
Publisher: SPRINGER, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT,
NETHERLANDS
Title: High-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and
characterization of fulvic acid
Author(s): Wu FC, Evans RD, Dillon PJ
Source: ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 464 (1): 47-55 JUL 29 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 35
Times Cited: 6
Abstract: High-performance immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (HP-IMAC)
was used to fractionate humic substances (HS) based on their affinity for the immobilized
copper(II) ion using acidic and glycine eluents. The work was carried out with two
naturally occurring aqueous fulvic acids and commercially available Suwannee River fulvic
acid. The IMAC-fractionated HS were then characterized by reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and size exclusion chromatography. The
results showed that the affinity HS fraction eluted first using an acidic pH = 2 eluent
exhibited a relatively high hydrophilic character, whereas the fraction eluted later using a
glycine eluent exhibited both a higher hydrophobic character and larger molecular size.
On the other hand, the HS fraction with no affinity for the immobilized copper had low
molecular size. The affinity of the HS fraction for copper(II) increased with increasing
molecular weight. Based on the composite results of three different HS, it is evident that
strong relationships exist between affinity, molecular weight, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic
properties during the HP-IMAC fractionation. The results presented here have significance
for understanding the nature of chemical interactions at the molecular level between
dissolved organic matter and trace metals. IMAC, coupled with other liquid
chromatographic strategies, is a promising tool for chemical fractionation and
characterization of HS. circle * 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: HPLC; immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC); humic
substances; affinity
KeyWords Plus: MOLECULAR-WEIGHT FRACTIONS; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; ION
AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECTROSCOPIC
PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-LIGANDS; BINDING; COPPER; COMPLEXATION; FLUORESCENCE
Addresses: Wu FC (reprint author), Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program,
1600 W Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8 Canada
Trent Univ, Environm & Resource Studies Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8 Canada
Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8 Canada
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Title: HUMUS TRANSFORMATION AT THE BANK FILTRATION WATER-PLANT
Author(s): MIETTINEN IT, MARTIKAINEN PJ, VARTIAINEN T
Source: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 30 (10): 179-187 1994
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 20
Times Cited: 12
Abstract: Transformations in the amount and quality of organic matter (humus) during
bank filtration of surface water were studied by analyzing the changes in total organic
carbon (TOC), non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), chemical oxygen demand (GOD),
color of water, and UV absorbing humus fractions. The amount of organic matter
expressed as TOC, NPOC, and COD depended on temperature and filtration distance from
lake water. The color of water and the UV absorbing humus peaks presenting different
humus molecule fractions decreased more effectively than other parameters measuring
the amount of organic matter in water. The ratio of COD to TOC decreased when the
filtration distance of water increased. Our observations indicated that bank filtration of
humus-rich lake water changed more the quality of organic matter than its total amount.
Author Keywords: BANK FILTRATION; HUMUS; ORGANIC MATTER; TRANSFORMATION
KeyWords Plus: DRINKING WATERS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHROMATOGRAPHY
Addresses: MIETTINEN IT (reprint author), NATL PUBL HLTH INST, DEPT ENVIRONM
MICROBIOL, POB 95, KUOPIO, SF-70701 FINLAND
NATL PUBL HLTH INST, DEPT ENVIRONM HYG, KUOPIO, SF-70701 FINLAND
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: QP631
ISSN: 0273-1223
Title: Molecular size fractions of treated aquatic humus
Author(s): Myllykangas T, Nissinen TK, Rantakokko P, Martikainen PJ, Vartiainen T
Source: WATER RESEARCH 36 (12): 3045-3053 JUL 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 33
Times Cited: 9
Abstract: The effects of ozone, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and permanganate on the
aquatic humic matter with different molecular size fractions and the organic acid
formation in drinking water treatment were studied. Aquatic humus in lake water (LW),
artificially recharged groundwater (AW), and purified artificially recharged groundwater
(PW) were fractionated by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) with
UV-254 nm detection before and after oxidation, a technique which resulted generally in
seven peaks. The sum of the molecular size fractions (SMSF) of the LW was reduced by
47% during the bank filtration process, and the SMSF of the AW was reduced by 55%
during the process in the water treatment plant. The oxidation of the AW resulted in
reductions in the range of 18-35% of the SMSF; the respective range of the PW was 1569%. However, the content of the total organic carbon (TOC) reduced only slightly, and a
high correlation between the TOC and the SMSF (0.911) was observed in the whole
material. The greatest decreases appeared in the highest-molecular-weight fractions
while the low-molecular-weight fractions remained nearly unchanged. The total content of
the six organic small-molecular-weight acids (sum of the organic acids, SOA) (formate,
acetate, propionate, pyruvate, oxalate, and citrate) varied between 0.1-5.1% and 0.19.7% of the reduced TOC in the AW and the PW, respectively. The formation of the SOA,
especially of oxalate, was the greatest after hydrogen peroxide combined with ozonation
(as much as I 100 mug/L), while chlorination resulted in the SOA of < 50 mug/L. (C)
2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: ozonation; chlorination; aquatic humus; molecular size distribution;
organic acids; drinking water
KeyWords Plus: NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; DRINKING WATERS; SPECTROSCOPIC
PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; BANK FILTRATION; LAKE
WATER; WEIGHT; OZONE; OZONATION
Addresses: Myllykangas T (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Div Environm Hlth, POB
95, Kuopio, FIN-70701 Finland
Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Div Environm Hlth, Kuopio, FIN-70701 Finland
Univ Kuopio, Dept Environm Sci, Kuopio, FIN-70211 Finland
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 578GW
Title: SOIL AND HYDROLOGY - THEIR EFFECT ON NOM
Author(s): AIKEN G, COTSARIS E
Source: JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 87 (1): 36-45 JAN 1995
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 24
Times Cited: 35
Abstract: Organic matter derived from different source materials has distinctive chemical
characteristics associated with those materials. Interactions among organic matter and
the minerals and inorganic constituents in soil can result in the removal and fractionation
of organic matter, altering the composition and reactivity of the dissolved organic carbon
(DOC). Hydrologic conditions define the flow path and control the rate of transport of
DOC within the system. The nature, distribution, and reactivity of organic matter in a
given system is determined, to a large extent, by the strength and nature of interactions
among the various components of the environment.
KeyWords Plus: DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES;
FULVIC-ACIDS; STREAM; DYNAMICS; WATERS; MATTER
Addresses: AIKEN G (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES,
MARIN ST SCI CTR, 3215 MARINE ST, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA
STATE WATER LAB, DEPT ENGN & WATER SUPPLY, SALISBURY, SA 5108 AUSTRALIA
Publisher: AMER WATER WORKS ASSN, 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, CIVIL; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: QC350
Title: Classification of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in river systems:
Influence of catchment characteristics and autochthonous processes
Author(s): Sachse A, Henrion R, Gelbrecht J, Steinberg CEW
Source: ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 36 (6): 923-935 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 53
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters is influenced by natural and
anthropogenic allochthonous sources in the catchment and by autochthonous production
and degradation processes. An objective differentiation procedure, a principal component
analysis, has been used to answer the question: Is it possible to classify different water
types using only DOC-patterns, and how do seasonal variations influence such a
classification? Organic compounds from various sources and river systems were analyzed
by means of automated size-exclusion chromatography. Four different DOC fractions
(humic substances, polysaccharides, low molecular weight acids and low weight
substances) were separated on the basis of their molecular weight characteristics and
quantified on the basis of their UV absorbance. Significant differences in the quality and
quantity of organic compounds were found. These were related to the character of the
catchment area and to autochthonous processes. It was possible to classify peatinfluenced ditch waters, peat-influenced surface waters, mineral soil-influenced and
anthropogenically-influenced surface waters, and waters from small and large lake-river
systems. The characterization of DOC patterns combined with principal component
analysis is a powerful tool for analyzing allochthonous and autochthonous DOC sources in
surface waters, especially if seasonal variations are taken into account. (c) 2005 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.
KeyWords Plus: SURFACE-WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACIDS; AMAZON
RIVER; AMINO-ACIDS; MATTER; STREAM; NUTRIENT; SOIL; DYNAMICS
Addresses: Sachse A (reprint author), Holstein Str 46, Berlin, D-12161 Germany
Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Chem Lab, Berlin, D-12587 Germany
Karl Weierstrass Inst Math, Berlin, D-1086 Germany
Humboldt Univ, Berlin, D-10099 Germany
E-mail Addresses: sachse@igb-berlin.de
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Title: Fluctuations of dissolved organic matter in river used for drinking water
and impacts on conventional treatment plant performance
Author(s): Volk C, Kaplan LA, Robinson J, Johnson B, Wood L, Zhu HW, Lechevallier M
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 39 (11): 4258-4264 JUN 1 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 41
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water supplies can provide
precursors for disinfectant byproducts, molecules that impact taste and odors,
compounds that influence the efficacy of treatment, and other compounds that are a
source of energy and carbon for the regrowth of microorganisms during distribution. NOM,
measured as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), was monitored daily in the White River and
the Indiana-American water treatment plant over 22 months. Other parameters were
either measured daily (UV-absorbance, alkalinity, color, temperature) or continuously
(turbidity, pH, and discharge) and used with stepwise linear regressions to predict DOC
concentrations. The predictive models were validated with monthly samples of the river
water and treatment plant effluent taken over a 2-year period after the daily monitoring
had ended. Biodegradable DOC (BDOC) concentrations were measured in the river water
and plant effluent twice monthly for 18 months. The BDOC measurements, along with
measurements of humic and carbohydrate constituents within the DOC and BDOC pools,
revealed that carbohydrates were the organic fraction with the highest percent removal
during treatment, followed by BDOC, humic substances, and refractory DOC.
KeyWords Plus: AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CARBON; CATCHMENT; REMOVAL;
UPLAND; STREAMWATER; EXPORT; NOM; DOC
Addresses: Volk C (reprint author), Indiana Amer Water Co Inc, 1730 Sylvan Nook Dr,
Richmond, IN 47374 USA
Indiana Amer Water Co Inc, Richmond, IN 47374 USA
Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA
Indiana Amer Water Co Inc, Muncie, IN 47302 USA
Sievers Instruments Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
Amer Water Works Serv Co Inc, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA
E-mail Addresses: cvolk@amwater.com
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Title: Assessing land use impacts on water quality using microbial source
tracking
Author(s): Long SC, Plummer JD
Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 40 (6): 14331448 DEC 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 58
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: A renewed emphasis on source water protection and watershed management
has resulted from recent amendments and initiatives under the Safe Drinking Water Act
and the Clean Water Act. Knowledge of the impact of land use choices on source water
quality is critical for efforts to properly manage activities within a watershed. This study
evaluated qualitative relationships between land use and source water quality and the
quantitative impact of season and rainfall events on water quality parameters. High levels
of specific conductance tended to be associated with dense residential development,
while organic carbon was elevated at several forested sites. Turbidity was generally
higher in more urbanized areas. Source tracking indicators were detected in samples
where land use types would predict their presence. Coliform levels were statistically
different at the 95 percent confidence levels for winter versus summer conditions and dry
versus wet weather conditions. Other water quality parameters that varied with season
were organic carbon, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance. These results
indicate that land use management can be effective for mitigating impacts to a water
body; however, year-round, comprehensive data are necessary to thoroughly evaluate
the water quality at a particular site.
Author Keywords: watershed management; land use management; water quality;
source water protection; nonpoint source pollution; microbial source tracking; seasonal
impacts; rainfall event impacts
KeyWords Plus: ANIMAL FECAL POLLUTION; INDICATOR BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIACOLI; RHODOCOCCUS-COPROPHILUS; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; BACTERIOPHAGES;
CONTAMINATION; SURFACE; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION
Addresses: Long SC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn,
18 Marston Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA
E-mail Addresses: long@ecs.umass.edu
Title: Origin of dissolved organic carbon studied by UV-vis spectroscopy
Author(s): Barreto SRG, Nozaki J, Barreto WJ
Source: ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA 31 (6): 513-518 MAR 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 13
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) distributions in water from Lake Ipe, MS,
Brazil, were investigated. The samplings were performed monthly (surface, 1 m depth,
and bottom) from June 1999 to June 2000. Absorbance at 285 nm and DOC
concentrations in mg dm(-3), rho(DOC), were highly correlated for the three depths.
77% of the surface, 85% for 1 m and bottom samples presented a variation between 20
dm(3) g(-1) cm(-1) and 50 dm(3) g(-1) cm(-1) of A(285 nm)/rho(DOC), that
characterizes the dissolved organic matter in lake water as essentially fulvic. The ratio
A(254 nm)/rho(DOC) was also sensitive for fulvic matter, and an A(250 nm)/A(365 nm)
= 4 ratio was characteristic of strongly colored waters. The ratios A(436 nm)/rho(DOC)
for the three depths also showed a significant correlation. The predominance of fulvic acid
is explained by environmental characteristics such as the tropical climate, temperatures
above 18degreesC, and the lake environment. It was demonstrated that the variation in
the water carbon content due to different compartments in the lake can be monitored by
UV-vis spectroscopy ratios.
Author Keywords: A/DOC ratio; fulvic acid; tropical lake; natural organic matter
KeyWords Plus: MATTER; WATER; NOM
Addresses: Barreto WJ (reprint author), Londrina State Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Environm
Phys Chem, Londrina, PR BR-86051990 Brazil
Londrina State Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Environm Phys Chem, Londrina, PR BR-86051990
Brazil
Maringa State Univ, Grad Program Ecol Aquat & Continental Environm, Maringa, Parana
BR-87020900 Brazil
Maringa State Univ, Dept Chem, Maringa, Parana BR-87020900 Brazil
E-mail Addresses: barreto@uel.br
Publisher: WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM,
GERMANY
Title: Transformation of effluent organic matter during subsurface wetland
treatment in the Sonoran Desert
Author(s): Quanrud DM, Karpiscak MM, Lansey KE, Arnold RG
Source: CHEMOSPHERE 54 (6): 777-788 FEB 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 39
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: The fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during subsurface wetland
treatment of wastewater effluent in a hot, semi-arid environment was examined. The
study objectives were to (1) discern changes in the character of dissolved organics as
consequence of wetland treatment (2) establish the nature of wetland-derived organic
matter, and (3) investigate the impact of wetland treatment on the formation potential of
trihalomethanes (THMs). Subsurface wetland treatment produced little change in DOM
polarity (hydrophobic-hydrophilic) distribution. Biodegradation of labile effluent organic
matter (EfOM) and internal loading of wetland-derived natural organic matter (NOM)
together produced only minor changes in the distribution of carbon moieties in
hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) and transphilic acid (TPI-A) isolates of wetland effluent.
Aliphatic carbon decreased as a percentage of total carbon during wetland treatment. The
ratio of atomic C:N in wetland-derived NOM suggests that its character is determined by
microbial activity. Formation of THMs upon chlorination of HPO-A and TPI-A isolates
increased as a consequence of wetland treatment. Wetland-derived NOM was more
reactive in forming THMs and less biodegradable than EfOM. For both HPO-A and TPI-A
fractions, relationships between biodegradability and THM formation potential were
similar among EfOM and NOM isolates; the less biodegradable isolates exhibited greater
THM formation potential. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: wetland treatment; effluent organic matter; natural organic matter;
hydrophobic acid; transphilic acid; trihalomethanes
KeyWords Plus: DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; HUMIC
SUBSTANCES; WASTE-WATER; DRINKING-WATER; CARBON; ACIDS; PRECURSORS;
SYSTEMS; HABITAT
Addresses: Quanrud DM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson,
AZ 85719 USA
Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA
Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: 759PA
Title: DOC and DBP precursors in western US watersheds and reservoirs
Author(s): Nguyen ML, Baker LA, Westerhoff P
Source: JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 94 (5): 98-112 MAY 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 33
Times Cited: 3
Abstract: The Horseshoe-Bartlett water supply reservoir system on the Verde River in
Arizona was studied to determine the impact of hydrologic variability on dissolved organic
carbon (DOC) export from the watershed and DOC production within the reservoir system.
High DOC concentrations occurred during spring snowmelt and late summer monsoon
rains. The majority (similar to90%) of DOC loading (kilograms per month) from the
Verde River watershed occurred in the spring. Bacterial consumption and algal production
of DOC changed the chemical characteristics of DOC in the reservoir. DOC loading was
reduced by 21 to 38%, and haloacetic acid precursor loading was reduced by 30 to 45%
as water passed through the Horseshoe-Bartlett reservoir system in 1998-99. Depending
on annual hydrologic patterns and reservoir operation, the Horseshoe-Bartlett reservoir
system can either produce or consume DOC.
KeyWords Plus: DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HYDROLOGY; TRANSPORT;
COLORADO; ARIZONA; MODELS; LAKES; RIVER
Addresses: Nguyen ML (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn,
Box 5306, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
Publisher: AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC, 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, CIVIL; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 552MA
Title: Ion exchange for the removal of natural organic matter
Author(s): Bolto B, Dixon D, Eldridge R
Source: REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS 60: 171-182 Sp. Iss. SI, 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 65
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Because of their aliphatic and carboxylic acid structures, the polar components
of natural organic matter (NOM), both charged and neutral, can give high yields of
disinfection by-products (DBPs). For removal of charged organic species, ion exchange is
better performing than coagulation with inorganic salts such as alum, as it very efficiently
removes essentially all of the charged material, while alum preferentially removes only
the larger molecules in these fractions. The influence of resin structure on performance is
reviewed.
There is an increase in NOM removal for quaternary ammonium resins of higher water
content, with the more open structures allowing easier entry of the larger NOM species.
Polar groups and the degree of crosslinking affect the water content of the resin. The
environment around the nitrogen is evidently critical, with hydroxyethyl or the absence of
two methyl groups on the N (as with a secondary amino group) being beneficial in NOM
removal. Having a pendant OH group close to the quaternary nitrogen is a distinct
advantage as the resins remove more NOM than would be expected from their water
content: an appropriate balance of polar and non-polar regions in the resin structure
appears to be required. Having a higher charge density than quaternary ammonium
groups, protonated secondary amino sites have a greater affinity for hydrophilic counter
ions. There is scope for the synthesis of improved resin systems, both strong and weak
base. Thus chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, can function as a soluble cationic
coagulant for NOM, as can polyethyleneimine. It is postulated that they act via hydrogen
bonding, as a charge mechanism is unlikely because the polymers are only partially
ionised at neutral pH. Crosslinked versions could therefore be effective in removing NOM.
Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: ion exchange; natural organic matter; adsorption; humic acids;
fulvic acids
KeyWords Plus: SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRINKING-WATER TREATMENT;
WEAK BASE RESINS; ANION-EXCHANGE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION;
TRACE ORGANICS; RIVER WATER; COAGULATION; FRACTIONATION
Addresses: Bolto B (reprint author), CSIRO, POB 56,, Highett, Vic 3190 Australia
CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3169 Australia
Univ Melbourne, Dept Chem Engn, Parkville, Vic 3010 Australia
CSIRO, Cap XX Pty Ltd, Clayton, Vic 3169 Australia
E-mail Addresses: brian.bolto@csiro.chem.au
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, APPLIED; ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL; POLYMER
SCIENCE
Title: Removal of natural organic matter by ion exchange
Author(s): Bolto B, Dixon D, Eldridge R, King S, Linge K
Source: WATER RESEARCH 36 (20): 5057-5065 DEC 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 30
Times Cited: 5
Abstract: Ion exchange is an effective method for removing humic substances from
drinking water supplies. We have explored a range of anion exchangers for removal of
natural organic matter (NOM), both as isolated from surface waters and after
fractionation into four fractions based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. Resins
of open structure and high water content are confirmed as the better performers, being
very efficient at removal of any charged material, especially that of smaller molecular
size. Quaternary ammonium resins. containing polar groups are especially effective. The
presence of a neighbouring OH group close to the quaternary nitrogen, heteroatoms in
the bridge between the exchange site and the polymer backbone, a secondary amino
group as the exchange site, or a low ratio of carbon to quaternary nitrogen is beneficial.
A suitable balance of polar and non-polar regions in the resin structure appears to be
required. Weakly basic amino groups may have a greater affinity for hydrophilic counter
ions than quaternary ammonium groups, but generally there are fewer charged sites in
the resin at neutral pH. Nevertheless, weak base resins have NOM uptakes nearly as high
as strong base resins of similar water content. Water content was found to be the most
important parameter, though the effect was less pronounced for strong base resins. For
weak base resins of low charge density a non-electrostatic mechanism involving
hydrogen bonding of the undissociated acidic species in the NOM to the unprotonated
amino groups on the resins is proposed. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier
Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: natural organic matter; NOM; anion exchange; humic substances;
size exclusion; NOM fractions
KeyWords Plus: HUMIC SUBSTANCES; WATER; COAGULATION; EXPERIENCES; RESINS
Addresses: Bolto B (reprint author), CSIRO, Mol Sci, Bag 10, Clayton, Vic 3169 Australia
CSIRO, Mol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3169 Australia
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 612TL
Title: Experimental evaluation of cationic polyelectrolytes for removing natural
organic matter from water
Author(s): Bolto B, Abbt-Braun G, Dixon D, Eldridge R, Frimmel F, Hesse S, King S, Toifl
M
Source: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 40 (9): 71-79 1999
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 23
Times Cited: 15
Abstract: The effectiveness of water treatment processes in removing natural organic
matter varies with the nature of the natural organic matter (NOM), its molecular size,
polarity and charge density, and with properties of the raw water such as turbidity and
hardness. In some cases conventional alum treatment is inefficient. We have compared
NOM removals achieved by conventional and polymer-based processes in bench-scale
treatment of reconstituted ground and surface waters of varying colour, made from NOM
isolated from the same waters. NOM isolates were fractionated by adsorption on nonfunctionalised resins and an anion exchanger, and characterised by size exclusion
chromatography. Jar tests with the isolated NOM compared coagulation with
polyelectrolytes, alum clays and metal oxides, with each of the inorganics being in
conjunction with a polyelectrolyte.
Jar tests on reconstituted waters with alum and/or cationic polyelectrolyte show
synergistic benefits from combinations of the two. The more hydrophobic NOM fractions
were the most easily removed by polymer. The performance of cationic polymers
improved significantly with increasing charge density and molecular weight. An
alum/polymer combination is the most attractive treatment option. (C) 1999 Published by
Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the IAWQ. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: cationic polyelectrolytes; primary coagulation; clays; metal oxides;
size exclusion chromatography; alum plus polyelectrolyte
KeyWords Plus: SENSITIVITY DOC-DETECTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FILTRATION;
COAGULATION; POLYMERS
Addresses: Bolto B (reprint author), CSIRO Mol Sci, Bag 10, S Clayton, Vic 3169
Australia
CSIRO Mol Sci, S Clayton, Vic 3169 Australia
Univ Karlsruhe, Engler Bunte Inst Water Chem, Karlsruhe, Germany
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 264GU
Title: Removal of humic substances by adsorption/ion exchange
Author(s): Fettig J
Source: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 40 (9): 173-182 1999
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 47
Times Cited: 13
Abstract: This paper gives an overview over the ability of four different sorbent media,
activated carbon, anion exchange resins, carbonaceous resins and metal oxides, for the
removal of humic sustances. Both sorbent characteristics and solution parameters that
affect the ultimate capacities are discussed, and approaches developed in order to
describe sorption equilibria and rate of uptake are reported. In addition, successes and
failures of predictive models are described. Some general conclusions about favorable
conditions for the removal of humic substances by sorption processes are given. (C) 1999
Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the IAWQ. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: activated carbon; activated alumina; adsorption; humic substances;
ion exchange; predictive models
KeyWords Plus: ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER;
WATER-TREATMENT; GAC; KINETICS; OXYGEN; ACIDS; TESTS
Addresses: Fettig J (reprint author), Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Environm Engn,
Wilhelmshohe 44, Hoxter, D-37671 Germany
Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, Dept Environm Engn, Hoxter, D-37671 Germany
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 264GU
Title: Characterization of natural organic matter using high performance size
exclusion chromatography
Author(s): Pelekani C, Newcombe G, Snoeyink VL, Hepplewhite C, Assemi S, Beckett R
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 33 (16): 2807-2813 AUG 15 1999
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 32
Times Cited: 40
Abstract: High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to obtain
the molecular weight distributions of natural organic matter (NOM) from two South
Australian drinking water sources. The NOM was separated into five nominal molecular
weight fractions (<500, 500-3K, 3K-10K, 10K-30K, and >30K) using ultrafiltration
membranes prior to HPSEC analysis. The use of HPSEC as a tool for NOM characterization
was compared with an independent method, flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF), which
separates molecules via a different mechanism. Unlike HPSEC, which uses a porous gel
with a controlled pore size distribution to separate molecules, FIFFF uses hydrodynamic
and molecular diffusion principles to separate molecules on the basis of molecular size, in
the absence of a porous gel. The comparison was made using the following parameters:
weight-average molecular weight (M-w), number-average molecular weight (M-n), peak
molecular weight (M-p), polydispersivity (M-w/M-n), and molecular weight range (80%
confidence limits). Within the technical limitations of each method, good agreement was
obtained between HPSEC and FIFFF for the different fractions. Although solute-gel
interactions were identified with the HPSEC system, the validation of the technique with
FIFFF indicates that HPSEC can provide useful and reliable molecular weight distributions
of NOM in drinking water supplies.
KeyWords Plus: FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS;
GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PAPER-MILL
EFFLUENTS; ADSORPTION; CARBON; PULP; TOOL; MASS
Addresses: Pelekani C (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab, Dept Civil
& Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
CRC Water Qual & Treatment, Salisbury, SA 5108 Australia
Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, CRC Freshwater Ecol, Clayton, Vic 3168 Australia
Monash Univ, Dept Chem, Clayton, Vic 3168 Australia
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: 227HF
Title: Seasonal variation in molecular mass and optical properties of
chromophoric dissolved organic material in coastal waters of southwest Florida
Author(s): Zanardi-Lamardo E, Moore CA, Zika RG
Source: MARINE CHEMISTRY 89 (1-4): 37-54 OCT 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 38
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: One of the most important natural sunlight absorbing substances in water is
the chromophoric dissolved organic material (CDOM). Its influence on optical properties
has been studied for many years, but questions of how its structural and optical
characteristics change in the environment still remain. CDOM water samples were
collected from coastal waters of southwest Florida during three cruises in the year 2001:
one in the dry season (June) and two in the rainy season (September and November).
Analyses of molecular mass (MM) distribution and optical characteristics were done using
the flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF) separation technique with absorbance and
fluorescence detectors. On the basis of the results, mixing, source variability, degradation,
and excited state quenching processes are important determinants of CDOM composition
and optical properties in this region. During the dry season, the MM distribution did not
change significantly spatially. In September and November, higher MM compounds and
an increase of CDOM fluorescence were observed, found inside the rivers and in nearcoastal samples, consistent with the rivers being a significant CDOM source. Results
suggest that chromophores were broken down to smaller MM compounds faster than
fluorophores, indicating that the fluorescent moieties are more resistant to
degrading/removal processes than the non-fluorescing compounds, even though the
fluorophores were always centered at lower MM. On the other hand, the fluorescence
quantum yield decreased faster than absorbance coefficients, suggesting that
fluorophores were quenched by complexing with some metals. For all months, the
chromophores' MM for offshore samples remained the same. The carbon concentration
ratio between chromophores and fluorophores changed from lower to higher salinities,
suggesting that the composition of the waters changed toward offshore. The differences
in the optical characteristics, MM distributions, and carbon concentration observed
suggest that the CDOM sources, physical, and photochemical degradation processes
change seasonally. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: molecular mass; optical properties; CDOM; flow field-flow
fractionation
KeyWords Plus: FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY;
HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; FULVIC-ACID; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES;
COLLOIDAL MATERIAL; ORINOCO RIVER; MATTER; FLUORESCENCE
Addresses: Zanardi-Lamardo E (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine &
Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL
33149 USA
Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem,
Miami, FL 33149 USA
E-mail Addresses: ezanardi@rsmas.miami.edu
Title: Molecular weight fractionation of humic substances by adsorption onto
minerals
Author(s): Hur J, Schlautman MA
Source: JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE 264 (2): 313-321 AUG 15
2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 43
Times Cited: 8
Abstract: Molecular weight (MW) fractionation of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and
purified Aldrich humic acid (PAHA) by adsorption onto kaolinite and hematite was
investigated in equilibrium and rate experiments with a size-exclusion chromatography
system using ultraviolet (UV) light detection. The extent of adsorptive fractionation based
on UV detection was positively correlated with the percent carbon adsorption for both
humic substances (HS), although the specific fractionation pattern observed depended on
the particular HS and mineral used. Higher MW fractions of SRFA, an aquatic HS, were
preferentially adsorbed to both kaolinite and hematite whereas the fractionation trends
for PAHA, a terrestrial peat HS, differed for the two minerals. The contrasting
fractionation patterns for SRFA versus PAHA can be explained reasonably well by the
different structural trends that occur in their respective MW fractions and the underlying
adsorption processes. Rate studies of adsorptive fractionation revealed an initial rapid
uptake of smaller HS molecules by the mineral surfaces, followed by their replacement at
the surface by a much slower uptake of the larger HS molecules present in aqueous
solution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: humic substances; adsorption; fractionation; molecular weight; size
exclusion chromatography; mineral surface
KeyWords Plus: NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY;
FULVIC-ACID; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IRON-OXIDES; TRANSPORT; GOETHITE;
MECHANISMS; DESORPTION; SORPTION
Addresses: Schlautman MA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn,
Clemson, SC 29634 USA
Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Anderson, SC 29625 USA
Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA
Clemson Univ, Clemson Inst Environm Toxicol, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA
Publisher: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO,
CA 92101-4495 USA
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
IDS Number: 714XV
Title: Removal of NOM in the different stages of the water treatment process
Author(s): Matilainen A, Lindqvist N, Korhonen S, Tuhkanen T
Source: ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 28 (6): 457-465 DEC 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 20
Times Cited: 3
Abstract: Natural organic matter (NOM) is abundant in natural waters in Finland and in
many ways affects the unit operations in water purification. in this study, the organic
matter content in water in different stages of a full-scale treatment process over I year
was measured. The full-scale treatment sequence, studied at the Rusko water treatment
plant in Tampere, Finland, consisted of coagulation, flocculation, clarification by
sedimentation or flotation, activated carbon (AC) filtration, and disinfection. Highperformance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used for separation to
determine changes in the humic substances content during the purification process. In
addition, total organic carbon (TOC), KMnO4-number, and UV-absorbance at wavelength
254 nm (UV254) were measured. High molecular weight (HMW) matter was clearly easier
to remove in coagulation and clarification than low molecular weight (LMW) matter.
Furthermore, depending on the regeneration of the activated carbon filters, activated
carbon filtration was effective to a degree but did not remove most of the lowest
molecular weight compounds. Significant correlation was established among HPSEC,
KMnO4, UV254 absorbance, and TOC. HPSEC proved to be a fast and relatively easy
method to estimate NOM content in water and, in fact, gave more information than
traditional methods on the type of NOM in a water sample. It also helped the process
performance follow-up. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC); natural
organic matter (NOM); drinking water; water purification
KeyWords Plus: SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT
DISTRIBUTION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DRINKING
WATERS; PERFORMANCE; RAW; ADSORPTION; HPSEC
Addresses: Tuhkanen T (reprint author), Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Environm Engn &
Biotechnol, POB 541, Tampere, FIN-33101 Finland
Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Environm Engn & Biotechnol, Tampere, FIN-33101 Finland
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Title: Estuarine/marine UDOM as characterized by size-exclusion
chromatography and organic mass spectrometry
Author(s): Minor EC, Simjouw JP, Boon JJ, Kerkhoff AE, van der Horst J
Source: MARINE CHEMISTRY 78 (2-3): 75-102 MAY 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 39
Times Cited: 3
Abstract: High performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and direct
temperature-resolved mass spectrometry (DT-MS) were used to explore molecular weight
distributions and molecular level characteristics within marine/estuarine ultrafiltered
dissolved organic matter (UDOM, > 1 kDa) collected from the lower Chesapeake Bay,
USA and the Oosterschelde estuary, The Netherlands. Initial HPSEC characterization
indicates that the overall size distribution is similar in all the UDOM samples; however,
there are distinct variations among the samples, especially in the low molecular weight
region. As a preliminary study of molecular level variations with apparent molecular size,
the Oosterschelde UDOM sample was separated into molecular weight fractions using
HPSEC. These fractions were then analyzed by DT-MS. The size fractions within the
UDOM sample yielded distinctly different mass spectra; the larger size classes were
enriched in ammosugars, deoxysugars, and methylated sugars while the smaller size
classes were enriched in hexose sugars. There is also evidence that hexose sugars appear
in at least two structures with highly different molecular weights and potentially highly
different source and sink functions within the marine water column. (C) 2002 Elsevier
Science B.V All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: marine dissolved organic matter; ultrafiltration; size exclusion
chromatography; mass spectrometry
KeyWords Plus: AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ANALYTICAL
PYROLYSIS; PORE WATERS; MATTER; COLLOIDS; CARBON; ACIDS; OCEAN;
ABUNDANCE
Addresses: Minor EC (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem,
Alfriend Chem Bldg, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
AMOLF, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, NL-1098 SJ Netherlands
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; OCEANOGRAPHY
IDS Number: 560MU
Title: The molecular size of natural organic matter (NOM) determined by
diffusivimetry and seven other methods
Author(s): Egeberg PK, Christy AA, Eikenes M
Source: WATER RESEARCH 36 (4): 925-932 FEB 2002
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 22
Times Cited: 8
Abstract: The objectives of this work are to (1) determine the diffusion coefficients of
natural organic matter (NOM) by diffusivimetry, (2) compare the results with diffusion
coefficients determined by two other methods (fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
(FCS) and dynamic adsorption experiments (DAM), (3) compare molecular weights
derived from the diffusion coefficients to molecular weights determined by three different
ultrafiltration experiments and high perfomance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC).
The diffusion coefficients determined in this work (stirred diffusion cell) are about 70%
higher than that determined by DAM, and agree well with diffusion coefficients
determined by FCS. Molecular weights determined by HPSEC are of the same magnitude
as molecular weights derived from diffusion coefficients. Molecular weights determined by
ultrafiltration vary considerably depending on the choice of membrane types. Membranes
made of cellulose acetate generate results similar to results derived from diffusion
coefficients. Membranes made of regenerated cellulose and polyether sulfone appear to
retain too much of NOM, resulting in artificially high molecular weights. (C) 2002 Elsevier
Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: NOM; diffusion coefficients; molecular weight; ultrafiltration;
fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
KeyWords Plus: NORWEGIAN AQUATIC NOM; SURFACE WATERS; DISTRIBUTIONS;
WEIGHT
Addresses: Egeberg PK (reprint author), Agder Univ Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Tordenskjolsgate
65,Servicebox 422, Kristiansand, N-4604 Norway
Agder Univ Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Kristiansand, N-4604 Norway
Norwegian Forest Res Inst, As, N-1432 Norway
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 518QX
Title: Molecular size distribution of natural organic matter in raw and drinking
waters
Author(s): Nissinen TK, Miettinen IT, Martikainen PJ, Vartiainen T
Source: CHEMOSPHERE 45 (6-7): 865-873 NOV 2001
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 41
Times Cited: 11
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the molecular size distribution (MSD)
of natural organic matter (NOM) in raw waters (RW) and drinking waters (DW), and to
find out the differences between MSD after different water treatment processes. The MSD
of NOM of 34 RW and DW of Finnish waterworks were determined with high-performance
size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Six distinct fractions were generally separated
from water samples with the TSK G3000SW column, using sodium acetate at pH 7 as an
eluent. Large and intermediate humic fractions were the most dominant fractions in
surface waters (lakes and rivers), while in artificially recharged groundwaters and natural
groundwaters intermediate and small fractions predominated. Water treatment processes
removed the two largest fractions almost completely shifting the MSD towards smaller
molecular size in DW. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, ozonation, and their
combination reduced all humic fractions compared to the conventional treatment. Humic
fractions correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) content and chemical oxygen demand,
this being especially true in RW. The results demonstrate that the HPSEC method can be
applied for a qualitative and also for rough estimate quantitative analyzes of NOM directly
from RW and DW samples without sample pretreatment. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: drinking water (DW); high-performance size-exclusion
chromatography (HPSEC); humic fractions; natural organic matter (NOM); TSK column
KeyWords Plus: AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY;
ACTIVATED CARBON; THM PRECURSORS; REMOVAL; CHLORINATION; FILTRATION;
OZONATION; WEIGHT; FRACTIONATION
Addresses: Nissinen TK (reprint author), Natl Publ Hlth Inst, POB 95, Kuopio, FIN-70701
Finland
Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Kuopio, FIN-70701 Finland
Univ Kuopio, Dept Environm Sci, Kuopio, FIN-70211 Finland
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: 481EV
Title: Application of the flow field flow fractionation (FFFF) to the
characterization of aquatic humic colloids: evaluation and optimization of the
method
Author(s): Thang NM, Geckeis H, Kim JI, Beck HP
Source: COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
181 (1-3): 289-301 JUN 15 2001
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 33
Times Cited: 12
Abstract: The flow field flow fractionation (FFFF) is applied to determine the aquatic
humic colloid size distribution. In order to determine average molecular weights of
various aquatic humic acids, a calibration is carried out by using sulfonated polystyrene
(PSS) reference colloids. Some interference is found to be inherent to the FFFF-method.
Considerable sorption of humic substances to equipment components is observed
depending on the ionic strength and pH of given carrier medium, the kind of membrane
covering the accumulation wall, and the cross-flow rate. The present study shows that
the sample recovery can be optimized by selecting a carrier of low ionic strength and high
pH (5 x 10(-3) mol l(-1) Tris-buffer; pH = 9.1) and using a regenerated cellulose
membrane (cutoff: 5 kDa related to globular proteins). Under these low ionic strength
conditions, the molecular weight calibration by using sulfonated polystyrene standards
(PSS) is affected by 'overloading' effects originating from charge repulsive interaction of
particles with one another and also with the accumulation wall. In general, the elution
time of PSS decreases with increasing concentration. A correction for the 'overloading'
effects is made by extrapolating the measured elution volumes to those obtained for
infinitely low PSS concentrations where charge repulsion effects disappear. The molecular
weight determined by this method for different aquatic humic substances is found to be
in the range of 1.1-1.8 kDa for the number averaged molecular weight (M-n) and 1.8-4.1
kDa for the weight averaged molecular weight (M-w). Results are compared with the
available literature data. Discrepancies can be explained to some extent by different
reference colloids used in other studies for calibration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All
rights reserved.
Author Keywords: flow-field flow fractionation; humic acid; fulvic acid; molecular
weight distribution
KeyWords Plus: MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION
SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; IONIC-STRENGTH;
FULVIC-ACIDS; SIZE; GROUNDWATER; SUBSTANCES; BEHAVIOR
Addresses: Geckeis H (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl
Entsorgung, POB 3640, Karlsruhe, D-76021 Germany
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, Karlsruhe, D-76021 Germany
Univ Saarland, Saarbrucken, D-66041 Germany
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
Title: Conventional and optimized coagulation for NOM removal
Author(s): Bell-Ajy K, Abbaszadegan M, Ibrahim E, Verges D, LeChevallier M
Source: JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 92 (10): 44-58 OCT 2000
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 17
Times Cited: 7
Abstract: The evaluation of 16 sites with optimized coagulation (optimizing the pH of
coagulation and then the coagulant dosage) provides an assessment of this coagulation
technique and illustrates its capabilities to meet the requirements of the
Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products (D/DBP) Rule. Jar tests were used to determine
the effectiveness of optimized coagulation for the removal of organic carbon, DBP
precursors, particles, and turbidity when supernatant results were compared with
conventional (baseline) treatment. Jar-test results indicate that optimized coagulation
can enhance the removal of organic carbon and DBP precursors.
KeyWords Plus: ENHANCED COAGULATION
Addresses: Bell-Ajy K (reprint author), Jordan Jones & Goulding, 2000 Clearview Ave NE,
Atlanta, GA 30340 USA
Jordan Jones & Goulding, Atlanta, GA 30340 USA
Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
New Jersey Amer Water Co, Delran, NJ 08075 USA
Amer Water Works Serv Co Lab, Belleville, IL 62220 USA
Amer Water Works Co, Voorhees, NJ 08043 USA
Publisher: AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC, 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, CIVIL; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 434VH
Title: HUMUS TRANSFORMATION AT THE BANK FILTRATION WATER-PLANT
Author(s): MIETTINEN IT, MARTIKAINEN PJ, VARTIAINEN T
Source: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 30 (10): 179-187 1994
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 20
Times Cited: 12
Abstract: Transformations in the amount and quality of organic matter (humus) during
bank filtration of surface water were studied by analyzing the changes in total organic
carbon (TOC), non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), chemical oxygen demand (GOD),
color of water, and UV absorbing humus fractions. The amount of organic matter
expressed as TOC, NPOC, and COD depended on temperature and filtration distance from
lake water. The color of water and the UV absorbing humus peaks presenting different
humus molecule fractions decreased more effectively than other parameters measuring
the amount of organic matter in water. The ratio of COD to TOC decreased when the
filtration distance of water increased. Our observations indicated that bank filtration of
humus-rich lake water changed more the quality of organic matter than its total amount.
Author Keywords: BANK FILTRATION; HUMUS; ORGANIC MATTER; TRANSFORMATION
KeyWords Plus: DRINKING WATERS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CHROMATOGRAPHY
Addresses: MIETTINEN IT (reprint author), NATL PUBL HLTH INST, DEPT ENVIRONM
MICROBIOL, POB 95, KUOPIO, SF-70701 FINLAND
NATL PUBL HLTH INST, DEPT ENVIRONM HYG, KUOPIO, SF-70701 FINLAND
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL
Title: BIODEGRADATION OF NOM - EFFECT OF NOM SOURCE AND OZONE DOSE
Author(s): GOEL S, HOZALSKI RM, BOUWER EJ
Source: JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION 87 (1): 90-105 JAN 1995
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 31
Times Cited: 31
Abstract: Batch degradation experiments were conducted to evaluate the extent of
biodegradation of natural organic matter (NOM) as a function of ozone dosage. Four NOM
sources that might be encountered in drinking water treatment were characterized and
tested. The biodegradability of all sources was enhanced as the ozone dose was increased
from 0 to 7.3 mg ozone/mg total organic carbon (TOC). Increased ozonation resulted in
consistently improved TOC removals for NOM sources having a large fraction of highmolecular-weight organics. Greater biodegradation was observed for the unozonated
sources with lower UV-absorption-to-TOC ratios and a larger fraction of low-molecularweight organics.
KeyWords Plus: FULVIC-ACID; HUMIC ACIDS; WATER; OZONATION; PRODUCTS
Addresses: GOEL S (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM
ENGN, 313 AMES HALL, 34TH & CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA
Publisher: AMER WATER WORKS ASSN, 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, CIVIL; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: QC350
ISSN: 0003-150X
Title: Transformation of organic matter and bank filtration from a polluted
stream
Author(s): Cosovic B, Hrsak D, Vojvodic V, Krznaric D
Source: WATER RESEARCH 30 (12): 2921-2928 DEC 1996
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 19
Times Cited: 5
Abstract: A case study of the examination of the changes of organic matter in a small,
highly polluted stream and the adjacent alluvial aquifer is presented. The investigated
stream was actually a collector of effluents from baker's yeast and pharmaceutical
industries. The stream was characterized by a COD of several thousands of mg O-2 l(-1),
most of which was biodegradable organic matter. Biodegradation processes took place in
the surface water, with consequent oxygen depletion in the stream. The organic matter
content of the river sediment was more than 10% of its dry weight. Bank filtration of
organic substances was investigated in a number of observation wells at distances of 5150 m from the river (under different hydrological conditions). The infiltration of organic
matter from the polluted stream into the aquifer was found to be significant only at
hydrological conditions where the water level exceeds the altitude of the stream bed. The
organic matter present in groundwater samples was mainly a humic/fulvic type, and was
not degraded during the 64 days of the laboratory biodegradation experiment. Copyright
(C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Author Keywords: polluted freshwater; organic matter; biodegradation; bank filtration;
surface active substances
KeyWords Plus: NATURAL-WATERS; SUBSTANCES
Addresses: Cosovic B (reprint author), RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST, CTR MARINE RES
ZAGREB, POB 1016, ZAGREB, HR-10001 CROATIA
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: WB774
ISSN: 0043-1354
Title: ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF THE HYDROPHOBIC FRACTION OF ORGANICMATTER IN NATURAL-WATERS
Author(s): COSOVIC B, VOJVODIC V
Source: MARINE CHEMISTRY 28 (1-3): 183-198 DEC 1989
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 25
Times Cited: 29
Addresses: COSOVIC B (reprint author), RUDJER BOSKOVIC INST, CTR MARINE RES
ZAGREB, ZAGREB, YU-41001 YUGOSLAVIA
Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; OCEANOGRAPHY
IDS Number: CG375
ISSN: 0304-4203
Title: MOBILITY OF NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER IN A SANDY AQUIFER
Author(s): MCCARTHY JF, WILLIAMS TM, LIANG LY, JARDINE PM, JOLLEY LW, TAYLOR
DL, PALUMBO AV, COOPER LW
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 27 (4): 667-676 APR 1993
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 43
Times Cited: 66
Abstract: Field-scale transport of natural organic matter (NOM) was studied in a twowell tracer test by injecting 80 000 L of ''brown water'' (66 mg of C L-1) from a wetlands
pond into a shallow, sandy, coastal plain aquifer. The basic features of NOM breakthrough
observed in laboratory column studies (extending tailing and rapid decline in
concentrations when NOM inputs are terminated) were observed in the field. Retardation
of NOM in the field agreed with predictions from laboratory studies. In spite of natural
heterogeneities, fractionation of NOM subcomponents occurred in transport. Smaller
(<3000 MW) and more hydrophilic (by XAD-8 chromatography) components of NOM were
more mobile than were larger (3-100K MW), more hydrophobic components. However,
over the 2-week injection, the solid and solution phase reached an apparent steady state
with respect to NOM adsorption, resulting in the unretarded transport of even the
hydrophobic and macromolecular NOM. The results indicate that NOM can exhibit
considerable mobility in an aquifer and suggest that NOM could alter the transport of
contaminants in groundwater.
KeyWords Plus: GRADIENT TRACER EXPERIMENTS; INDIGENOUS BACTERIA; HUMIC
SUBSTANCES; ACID TREATMENT; CARBON; TRANSPORT; ADSORPTION; WATER;
FRACTIONATION; CONTAMINANTS
Addresses: MCCARTHY JF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI,
OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA
CLEMSON UNIV, BARUCH FOREST SCI INST, GEORGETOWN, SC 29442 USA
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: KU952
ISSN: 0013-936X
Title: Characterizing dissolved organic carbon using asymmetrical flow fieldflow fractionation with on-line UV and DOC detection
Author(s): Reszat TN, Hendry MJ
Source: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 77 (13): 4194-4200 JUL 1 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 41
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: A method of characterizing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by asymmetrical
flow field-flow fractionation with on-line UV and DOC detection is described and applied to
standards and natural water samples. Poly(styrenesulfonate) polymer standards,
Suwannee River humic standards, and naturally occurring surface water and groundwater
DOC were analyzed using this coupled detection technique. Molecular weight
determinations in the samples and standards were 6-30% lower with DOC analysis than
UV analysis. This difference was attributed to the insensitivity of the latter technique to
nonaromatic carbon and suggests the molecular weight determined with the DOC
detector is a more accurate representation of the actual molecular weight of the DOC. A
normalized intensity comparison (NIC) method was proposed to distinguish differences in
the relative amounts of aromatic and aliphatic carbon in DOC by comparing the two
detector responses. The NIC method was applied to yield an average aromatic content of
the bulk DOC and to detail the aromatic content over a range of molecular weights in a
single DOC fraction.
KeyWords Plus: MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS; SIZE-EXCLUSION
CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLAY-RICH AQUITARD; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACIDS; PORE
WATERS; MATTER; OPTIMIZATION; COLLOIDS; AQUIFER
Addresses: Reszat TN (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon,
SK S7N 5E2 Canada
Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2 Canada
E-mail Addresses: thr690@mail.usask.ca
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Title: Mobile organic sorbent affected contaminant transport in soil: Numerical
case studies for enhanced and reduced mobility
Author(s): Totsche KU, Kogel-Knabner I
Source: VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL 3 (2): 352-367 MAY 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 61
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: Mobile organic sorbents (MOS) such as dissolved and colloidal phase organic
matter control flow of water and transport of solutes in soils. We studied the effect of
MOS on contaminant fate by systematic numerical case studies. The scenarios considered
were (i) enhanced mobility, (ii) reduced mobility due to cosorption, and (iii) reduced due
to cumulative sorption. The enhanced mobility and cosorption scenario require
contaminant sorption to the MOS. The cosorption and cumulative sorption scenario
require sorption of MOS to the immobile sorbent. Simulations were run for
physicochemically different fractions of dissolved organic matter and two-model
contaminants. Mobile organic sorbents mobility is characterized by a wide range of
retardation parameters. Continued import of MOS to subsoil material high in MOS-specific
sorption sites will increase the solid phase organic matter content. Enhanced mobility was
observed for soils without MOS-specific sorption sites or for situations where MOS are in
sorptive equilibrium with the immobile sorbent. Cosorption resulted in reduced
contaminant mobility. The extent to which reduced mobility was observed depended on
the ratio of the affinities of the free contaminant and the MOS-bound contaminant. As the
sorption of the MOS-bound contaminants is controlled by the properties of the MOS, the
characterization of these properties is a crucial step for the estimation of the effect of
MOS on contaminant mobility. Cumulative sorption resulted in reduced contaminant
mobility as well. However, this result is the consequence of the increase of the sorption
capacity due to the sorption of MOS, a long-term process that may last for years to
decades.
KeyWords Plus: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REACTIVE SOLUTE
TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; FACILITATED TRANSPORT; IMMOBILE
SORBENTS; MATTER SORPTION; COLLOIDS; CARBON; FRACTIONS; COLUMNS
Addresses: Totsche KU (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Bodenkunde, Dept
Okol, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan, Freising Weihenstephan, D-85350 Germany
Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Bodenkunde, Dept Okol, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan,
Freising Weihenstephan, D-85350 Germany
E-mail Addresses: totsche@wzw.tum.de
Publisher: SOIL SCI SOC AMER, 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
Subject Category: AGRICULTURE, SOIL SCIENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; WATER
RESOURCES
IDS Number: 904BA
Title: The simultaneous modelling of metal ion and humic substance transport in
column experiments
Author(s): Bryan ND, Barlow J, Warwick P, Stephens S, Higgo JJW, Griffin D
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 7 (3): 196-202 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 29
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Pulsed column experiments using Co, fulvic acid and porous sediment packing,
along with up/down-flooding experiments using Eu, humic acid and intact sandstone
blocks have been performed. The elution of metal and humic and their distribution along
the sandstone columns have been measured. A mixed equilibrium and kinetic coupled
chemical transport model has been used to simulate the results. In both cases, one
exchangeable and one non-exchangeable component have been used to simulate the
interaction of metal and humic substance. For the pulsed experiments, a simple
equilibrium approach was used to model humic sorption, while a two component, kinetic
model was required for the sandstone columns.
KeyWords Plus: NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON-OXIDE; COMPETITIVE
ADSORPTION; SANDY AQUIFER; DESORPTION; SORPTION; ACIDS; DISPLACEMENT;
PARTICLES; MOBILITY
Addresses: Bryan ND (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Ctr Radiat Res,
Oxford Rd, Manchester, Lancs M13 9PL England
Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Ctr Radiat Res, Manchester, Lancs M13 9PL England
Univ Loughborough, Dept Chem, Loughborough, Leics England
British Geol Survey, Keyworth, Notts NG12 5GG England
RMC Ltd, Abingdon, Oxon England
Publisher: ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON
RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: 901LT
ISSN: 1464-0325
Title: Measuring the pollutant transport capacity of dissolved organic matter in
complex matrixes
Author(s): Persson L, Alsberg T, Odham G, Ledin A
Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 83
(12): 971-986 DEC 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 56
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) facilitated transport in contaminated
groundwater was investigated through the measurement of the binding capacity of
landfill leachate DOM (Vejen, Denmark) towards two model pollutants (pyrene and
phenanthrene). Three different methods for measuring binding capacity were used and
evaluated, head-space solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), enhanced solubility (ES)
and fluorescence quenching (FQ). It was concluded that for samples with complex
matrixes it was possible to measure the net effect of the DOM binding capacity and the
salting out effect of the matrix. It was further concluded that DOM facilitated transport
should be taken into account for non-ionic PAHs with lg K OW above 5, at DOM
concentrations above 250 mg C/L. The total DOM concentration was found to be more
important for the potential of facilitated transport than differences in the DOM binding
capacity.
Author Keywords: leachate; groundwater; dissolved organic matter; solid-phase micro
extraction; fluorescence quenching; enhanced solubility
KeyWords Plus: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLID-PHASE
MICROEXTRACTION; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; LEACHATE PLUME VEJEN;
LANDFILL-LEACHATE; SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT; FACILITATED TRANSPORT;
MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PYRENE SORPTION; MODEL POLYMERS
Addresses: Persson L (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Inst Appl Environm Res,
Stockholm, S-10691 Sweden
Stockholm Univ, Inst Appl Environm Res, Stockholm, S-10691 Sweden
Tech Univ Denmark, Environm & Resources DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
E-mail Addresses: linn.persson@itm.su.se
Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14
4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
Subject Category: CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
IDS Number: 762QU
Title: Adsorption of natural organic matter to air-water interfaces during
transport through unsaturated porous media
Author(s): Lenhart JJ, Saiers JE
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 38 (1): 120-126 JAN 1 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 45
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: To better understand how interactions with the air phase influence the
movement of natural organic matter (NOM) through the vadose zone,we measured the
transport of soil-humic acid (SHA) through laboratory columns packed with partially
saturated sand. Our results demonstrate that sorptive reactions at air-water interfaces
reduce SHA mobility and that the affinity of SHA for the air phase increases as the
porewater pH declines from 8 to 3.9. SHA desorption from air-water interfaces is
negligible for conditions of constant pH, but release of bound SHA occurs in response to
perturbations in porewater pH. We analyzed the effluent samples collected from our
laboratory columns using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The results
of this analysis demonstrate that the SHA did not fractionate appreciably during transport
through the columns, suggesting that the various components of the SHA pool (as
distinguished on the basis of molecular weight) express an equal affinity for the air-water
interfaces over the range of pH conditions tested. A mathematical model incorporating
irreversible, second-order rate laws to simulate adsorption at air-water and solid-water
interfaces closely describes the SHA breakthrough data. The mass-transfer parameters
that govern this model vary in a discernible fashion with changes in porewater pH, and
the parameter trends are consistent with published theories for SHA adsorption.
KeyWords Plus: AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY;
POLY-ELECTROLYTE ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYELECTROLYTE
ADSORPTION; MINERAL PARTICLES; SURFACE-TENSION; ACID ADSORPTION; IONICSTRENGTH; ALUMINUM-OXIDE
Addresses: Saiers JE (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, 205
Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Title: Impact of dissolved organic matter on copper mobility in aquifer material
Author(s): Han NZ, Thompson ML
Source: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 32 (5): 1829-1836 SEP-OCT 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 34
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: Naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM) and biosolids-derived DOM
have been implicated in the mobility of metals in soils and aquifer materials. To
investigate the effect of DOM on copper mobility in aquifer material, DOM derived from
sewage biosolids was separated into two apparent molecular-weight (MW) fractions, 500
to 3500 Da (LMW) and >14 000 Da (HMW). In each MW fraction, the DOM was further
fractionated into hydrophilic, hydrophobic acid, and hydrophobic neutral compounds by
an XAD-8 chromatography technique. The mobility of these DOM components and their
influences on copper transport in a sesquioxide-coated, sandy aquifer material were
examined with column transport experiments. The LMW DOM was found to be highly
mobile, whereas the HMW DOM had a greater tendency to be retained by the aquifer
material. Within the same MW fraction, the mobility of DOM followed the order of
hydrophilic DOM > hydrophobic acid DOM > hydrophobic neutral DOM. Copper
breakthrough curves in the presence of various DOM components showed that, except for
the HMW hydrophilic fraction, DOM components enhanced Cu transport through the
aquifer columns at early stages of transport (the first 75 pore volumes). In the later
stages, however, all the DOM components substantially inhibited Cu mobility. We
hypothesize that several mechanisms could account for retardation of Cu movement in
the presence of the DOM fractions, including the formation of ternary complexes between
the aquifer material, Cu, and DOM; changes in the electrostatic potential at the solidphase surface; and pH buffering by DOM.
KeyWords Plus: HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PREPARATIVE ISOLATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE;
AMENDED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; CARBON; COLUMNS; ADSORPTION; MECHANISMS;
BIOSOLIDS
Addresses: Thompson ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA
50011 USA
Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA
Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
Publisher: AMER SOC AGRONOMY, 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
Subject Category: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Title: Flow and reactivity effects on dissolved organic matter transport in soil
columns
Author(s): Weigand H, Totsche KU
Source: SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL 62 (5): 1268-1274 SEP-OCT
1998
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 34
Times Cited: 26
Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a prominent role in the transport of
contaminants in porous media. As DOM has to be considered as a reactive component,
now regime and sorbent reactivity should affect overall DOM transport in an important
way. We focused on DOM transport in unsaturated column experiments using quartz sand
(QS) and goethite-coated quartz sand (GS). Rate constrictions to DOM sorption were
investigated by varying the volumetric now rate, while extent and reversibility of sorption
were studied in consecutive adsorption and desorption steps. In the QS, DOM retention
was low and unaffected by changes in now rate. Desorption-step breakthrough curves
(BTCs) and mass balances show full reversibility of the sorption process. However, DOM
retention in GS was significant and sensitive to now variation, indicative of
nonequilibrium sorption. At lower now rates, DOM breakthrough exhibited a change in
curvature (shoulder) due to the superimposition of two BTCs representing reactive and
nonreactive DOM fractions. Transport was successfully modeled assuming these two
fractions governed overall DOM mobility. At higher flow rates, the BTC shoulder vanished
due to reduced contact time between the DOM and the solid phase (rate-limited sorption).
Sorption of DOM on GS is accompanied by a marked rise in effluent pH, indicative of a
ligand-exchange mechanism. Recovery of DOM during desorption was incomplete due to
either partially irreversible sorption or strongly rate-limited desorption. Increased DOM
mobility in the consecutive adsorption step resulted from partial blocking of sorption sites
by the initial pulse of DOM.
KeyWords Plus: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AQUATIC HUMIC
SUBSTANCES; IMMOBILE SORBENTS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; SANDY
AQUIFER; IRON-OXIDE; ADSORPTION; CARBON; DISPLACEMENT
Addresses: Totsche KU (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Soil Phys Div, Bayreuth, D95440 Germany
Univ Bayreuth, Soil Phys Div, Bayreuth, D-95440 Germany
E-mail Addresses: totsche@uni-bayreuth.de
Publisher: SOIL SCI SOC AMER, 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
Subject Category: AGRICULTURE, SOIL SCIENCE
Title: Competitive adsorption, displacement, and transport of organic matter on
iron oxide .2. Displacement and transport
Author(s): Gu BH, Mehlhorn TL, Liang LY, McCarthy JF
Source: GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 60 (16): 2977-2992 AUG 1996
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 39
Times Cited: 26
Abstract: The competitive interactions between organic matter compounds and mineral
surfaces are poorly understood, yet these interactions may play a significant role in the
stability and co-transport of mineral colloids and/or environmental contaminants. In this
study, the processes of competitive adsorption, displacement, and transport of Suwannee
River natural organic matter (SR-NOM) are investigated with several model organic
compounds in packed beds of iron oxide-coated quartz columns. Results demonstrated
that strongly-binding organic compounds are competitively adsorbed and displace those
weakly-bound organic compounds along the flow path. Among the four organic
compounds studied, polyacrylic acid (PAA) appeared to be the most competitive, whereas
SR-NOM was more competitive than phthalic and salicylic acids. The transport of SR-NOM
is found to involve a complex competitive interaction and displacement of different NOM
subcomponents. A diffuse adsorption and sharp desorption front (giving an appearance of
irreversible adsorption) of the SR-NOM breakthrough curves are explained as being a
result of the competitive time-dependent adsorption and displacement processes between
different organic components within the SR-NOM. The stability and transport of iron oxide
colloids varied as one organic component competitively displaces another. Relatively
large quantities of iron oxide colloids are transported when the more strongly-binding
PAA competitively displaces the weakly-binding SR-NOM or when SR-NOM competitively
displaces phthalic and salicylic acids. Results of this study suggest that the chemical
composition and hence the functional behavior of NOM (e.g., in stabilizing mineral
colloids and in complexing contaminants) can change along its flow path as a result of the
dynamic competitive interactions between heterogeneous NOM subcomponents. Further
studies are needed to better define and quantify these NOM components as well as their
roles in contaminant partitioning and transport.
KeyWords Plus: CARBOXYL-GROUP STRUCTURES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AQUIFER
MATERIAL; WATER INTERFACE; SUWANNEE RIVER; SANDY AQUIFER; FULVIC-ACID;
COLUMNS; MODELS; RETENTION
Addresses: Gu BH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, POB
2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
Subject Category: GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Title: The sorption of organic matter in soils as affected by the nature of soil
carbon
Author(s): Kaiser K, Haumaier L, Zech W
Source: SOIL SCIENCE 165 (4): 305-313 APR 2000
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 38
Times Cited: 8
Abstract: Recent studies have shown that soil organic carbon (OC) may either hinder or
favor the sorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils. Our concept was that the
nature of soil OC determines these contrasting findings. To test this hypothesis, we
compared the DOM sorption in soils with OC derived from biomass decomposition with
that in soils with OC more likely derived from charred materials (black carbon). All the
mineral soil samples in the study were from Spodosols, and the DOM was from an
aqueous extract of a mor forest floor layer. Sorption was determined in batch
experiments. The sorption in soils that contain large amounts of black carbon was, in
general, less than the sorption in soils with decomposition-derived OC, When the DOM
sorption parameters of the soils were correlated to the OC content, the black carbon soils
showed a positive effect of the OC content on the DOM sorption, In the soils lacking the
features of black carbon residues, the DOM sorption was negatively influenced by OC,
These results lead us to assume that the nature of soil OC is a soil property that needs to
be considered in the DOM sorption of soils, especially when soils have large amounts of
highly aromatic OC.
Author Keywords: dissolved organic matter; sorption; soil organic carbon; black carbon
KeyWords Plus: HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FOREST SOIL; ADSORPTION; ACIDS;
SPECTROSCOPY; NMR; FRACTIONS; CHEMISTRY; C-13-NMR
Addresses: Kaiser K (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, POB
101251, Bayreuth, D-95440 Germany
Univ Bayreuth, Inst Soil Sci & Soil Geog, Bayreuth, D-95440 Germany
Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3621 USA
Subject Category: AGRICULTURE, SOIL SCIENCE
IDS Number: 309MY
ISSN: 0038-075X
Title: Lanthanide field tracers demonstrate enhanced transport of transuranic
radionuclides by natural organic matter
Author(s): McCarthy JF, Sanford WE, Stafford PL
Source: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 32 (24): 3901-3906 DEC 15 1998
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 28
Times Cited: 23
Abstract: Transuranic (TRU) radionuclides buried 25 years ago in shallow un lined
disposal trench es in a fractured shale saprolite had been detected in groundwater from
downgradient monitoring wells and in surface water seeps. Field observations had
suggested the actinide radionuclides were mobilized by natural organic matter(NOM) and
rapidly transported with little retardation. A 73-day natural gradient tracer experiment
injected trivalent lanthanides (Nd and Eu) as analogues to determine the mechanisms
and rates of actinide transport at the field scale. Adsorption isotherms for Am-241 and Eu
with saprolite from the site confirmed a very high affinity for adsorption (R > 50 000) in
the absence of NOM. However, reactive and nonreactive tracers arrived at approximately
the same time along a 10-m long deep flow path, and anion-exchange chromatography
and filtration suggested that the mobile lanthanides in groundwater were a NOM complex.
Although flow through a shallow flow path was intermittent, reflecting transient recharge
events, large storms resulted in coincident peaks of both reactive and nonreactive tracers,
suggesting that they migrated at similar rates over distances of 78 m. We conclude that
NOM facilitated the almost-unretarded transport of lanthanide tracers and, by analogy,
that NOM is facilitating the mobilization and rapid migration of the TRU radionuclides.
KeyWords Plus: HUMIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; EUROPIUM; SORPTION; AQUIFER; SOIL;
PH
Addresses: McCarthy JF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB
2008,Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN USA
Publisher: AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
Title: A seasonal survey of carbohydrates and uronic acids in the Trinity River,
Texas
Author(s): Hung CC, Warnken KW, Santschi PH
Source: ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 36 (3): 463-474 2005
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 58
Times Cited: 0
Abstract: Due to their potential significance as indicators of ecological health, the
biogeochemical cycling of carbohydrates and uronic acids was investigated in the Trinity
River Texas, during 2000 2001. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total
carbohydrates (TCHO), polysaccharides (PCHO), monosaccharides (MCHO), uronic acids
(URA), as well as of oxygen, suspended particulate matter, nutrients and trace metals
(Cu, Pb, Cd) were assessed at various stages of discharge. TCHO/DOC ratios, as well as
nutrient and hydrogen ion concentrations, were inversely related to temperature, which
suggests that biological processes in Lake Livingston, the largest freshwater reservoir
along the Trinity River, are not only regulating nutrient concentrations but also the
preferential degradation of carbohydrates over that of bulk DOC. However, uronic acids
were selectively preserved during this temperature controlled biological process, as is
evident from the positive correlation of URA/TCHO ratios and temperature. Thus, uronic
acids are more refractory compounds than bulk TCHO. Significant correlations between
TCHO and dissolved Cu, Pb and Cd suggest that their pathways and cycles are linked
through common sources or removal processes. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
KeyWords Plus: DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; GALVESTON BAY; MISSISSIPPI RIVER;
ESTUARINE WATERS; DIFFERENT ROLES; SURFACE WATERS; FULVIC-ACIDS; TRACEMETALS; CARBON; COPPER
Addresses: Hung CC (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Inst Environm
& Nat Sci, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ England
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Sci, LOER, Galveston, TX 77551 USA
E-mail Addresses: hungc@tamug.tamu.edu, k.warnken@lancaster.ac.uk
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Title: Identification of wastewater dissolved organic carbon characteristics in
reclaimed wastewater and recharged groundwater
Author(s): Fujita Y, Ding WH, Reinhard M
Source: WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 68 (5): 867-876 JUL-AUG 1996
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 41
Times Cited: 21
Abstract: Nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in reclaimed wastewaters and
groundwater was characterized and indicators of wastewater origin were identified. Over
50% of the DOC in activated carbon and reverse osmosis effluents was classified as
hydrophilic, and no humic acid was isolated. In groundwater partially recharged by the
reclaimed wastewaters, only 16% of the DOC was hydrophilic, 50% of the DOC was fulvic
acid, and humic acid was recovered. The H:C ratios of the isolated fulvic acids were
higher in the wastewaters and recharged groundwater than in a deep well water not
affected by recharge. N:C ratios in the wastewater and recharged groundwater fulvic and
humic acid fractions were also higher than in the deep well water. The H-1 NMR spectra
of the effluent and recharged groundwater fulvic acid fractions exhibited a characteristic
fingerprint pattern, indicating a correlation between origin and spectral appearance. Gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of specific trace
organic compounds, including EDTA and alkylphenol polyethoxylate residues, in the
wastewaters and recharged groundwater.
Author Keywords: reclaimed wastewater; groundwater recharge; DOC
KeyWords Plus: ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES;
PREPARATIVE ISOLATION; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; WATER-TREATMENT; P-XYLENE;
ACID; BEHAVIOR; TRANSFORMATION; CARBOXYLATES
Addresses: Fujita Y (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, STANFORD,
CA 94305 USA
Publisher: WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION, 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA
22314-1994
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
LIMNOLOGY; WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: UY297
Title: Fate of organics during soil-aquifer treatment: sustainability of removals
in the field
Author(s): Quanrud DM, Hafer J, Karpiscak MM, Zhang HM, Lansey KE, Arnold RG
Source: WATER RESEARCH 37 (14): 3401-3411 AUG 2003
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 37
Times Cited: 4
Abstract: A 5-year program of study was conducted at the Sweetwater Recharge
Facilities (SRF) to assess the performance of surface spreading operations for organics
attenuation during field-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) of municipal wastewater.
Studies were conducted utilizing both mature (similar to 10 yr old) and new infiltration
basins. Removals of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were robust, averaging > 90 percent
during percolation through the local 37-m vadose zone. The hydrophilic (most polar)
fraction of DOC was preferentially removed during SAT; removals were attributed
primarily to biodegradation. Reductions in trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP)
averaged 91 percent across the vadose zone profile. The reactivity (specific THMFP) of
post-SAT organic residuals with chlorine decreased slightly from pre-SAT levels (60 vs.
72 mug THM per mg DOC, respectively). Variations in the duration of wetting/drying
periods did not significantly impact organic removal efficiencies. (C) 2002 Elsevier
Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author Keywords: soil-aquifer treatment; wastewater effluent; dissolved organic carbon;
trihalomethanes
KeyWords Plus: CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; RECLAIMED WATER; DRINKINGWATER; WASTE-WATER; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION;
MATTER; IDENTIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; EFFLUENTS
Addresses: Quanrud DM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech,
Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Univ Arizona, Off Arid Lands Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: 701LH
Title: Relative influence of bioturbation and predation on organic matter
processing in river sediments: a microcosm experiment
Author(s): Mermillod-Blondin F, Gaudet JP, Gerino M, Desrosiers G, Jose J, des
Chatelliers MC
Source: FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 49 (7): 895-912 JUL 2004
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 64
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: 1. Our objective was to measure the effects of bioturbation and predation on
the physical characteristics and biogeochemical processes in river sediments.
2. We investigated the impacts of tubificid worms tested separately and together with an
omnivore (Gammarus pulex), which does feed on tubificids, on sediment distribution,
water flux, sediment organic carbon, biofilm biomass and microbial activities, and the
concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, PO43-, NO3-, NO2- and
NH4+ in slow filtration sand-gravel columns. We hypothesised that gammarids, which
exploit the top 2-3 cm of the sediment, would modify the impact of worms at the
sediment surface.
3. In experiments both with and without gammarids, bioturbation by the tubificids
modified both the distribution of surface particles in the sediment column and water flux.
In addition, microbial aerobic (oxygen consumption) and anaerobic (denitrification and
fermentative decomposition of organic matter) processes in the sediment were stimulated
in the presence of tubificid worms. However, G. pulex did not affect either the density or
bioturbation activity of the tubificid worms.
4. Bioturbation by the benthos can be a major process in river habitats, contributing to
the retention of organic matter in sediment dynamics. The presence of at least one
predator had no effect on bioturbation in sediments. In such systems, physical
heterogeneity may be sufficient for tubificids to escape from generalist predators, though
more specialised ones might have more effect.
Author Keywords: ecosystem engineers; functional diversity; interstitial invertebrates;
microbial activity; river sediments
KeyWords Plus: HYPORHEIC ZONE; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS;
SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TROPICAL STREAM; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; POROUS-MEDIA; ETS
ACTIVITY; INVERTEBRATES; WATER
Addresses: Mermillod-Blondin F (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, LEHF,
Domaine Sci de la Doua, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5023, LEHF, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
UJF, CNRS,UMR 5564, LTHE, INPG,IRD, Grenoble, France
UPS, CNRS, FRE 2630, LEH, Toulouse, France
Univ Quebec, ISMER, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1 Canada
Univ Lyon 1, EA 1890, LICAS, Villeurbanne, France
E-mail Addresses: mermillo@univ-lyon1.fr
Title: Environmental determinants of bacterial activity and faunal assemblages
in alluvial riverbank aquifers
Author(s): Mauclaire L, Gibert J
Source: ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE 152 (3): 469-487 OCT 2001
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 53
Times Cited: 1
Abstract: Groundwater quality can be strongly influenced by the source of the water
through the contributions of oxygen, organic, and inorganic materials. Microbial
characteristics (abundance and activity) and faunal distribution were examined in
groundwater collected from two aquifers that are characterized by different water sources.
For both aquifers, water samples were collected from three wells at different depths,
three times in the year. The two aquifers showed contrasting characteristics concerning
hydrodynamic variables, carbon content and presence of electron acceptors (oxygen and
nitrate). At the local scale, spatial variations were low compared to seasonal changes.
The combination of five variables (aquifer transmissivity, temperature, oxygen, dissolved
organic carbon (DOC), and percentage of biodegradable DOC (BDOC)) accounted for
57 % of the variability in bacterial activity (expressed as the percentage of Electron
Transport System active bacteria). The best multivariate linear regression model of faunal
abundance accounted for 52 % of the variability with 5 significant variables (aquifer
transmissivity, oxygen, DOC, redox, and pH). At the regional scale, the different water
sources have consequences on spatial variations of chemical and biological water quality.
Author Keywords: groundwater; groundwater fauna; bacterial activity; DOC
KeyWords Plus: DEEP SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER;
RESPIRING BACTERIA; RHONE RIVER; GROUNDWATER; MICROFLORA; DIVERSITY;
NUTRIENTS; EXCHANGE; ANIMALS
Addresses: Mauclaire L (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, ESA Hydrosyst Fluviaux
5023, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, ESA Hydrosyst Fluviaux 5023, Villeurbanne, F-69622 France
Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, Schlieren, CH-8952 Switzerland
Publisher: E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS, NAEGELE U OBERMILLER
JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY
Subject Category: LIMNOLOGY; MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
IDS Number: 491LA
ISSN: 0003-9136
Title: Bacterial enzyme activities in ground water during bank filtration of lake
water
Author(s): Miettinen IT, Vartiainen T, Martikainen PJ
Source: WATER RESEARCH 30 (10): 2495-2501 OCT 1996
Document Type: Article
Language: English
Cited References: 37
Times Cited: 13
Abstract: The interactions between organic matter, bacterial biomass, enzyme activities
and environmental factors were studied during bank filtration of humus-rich lake water.
The exoenzymatic beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and alanine-aminopeptidase activities
in water were measured in vitro as release of fluorescing degradation products from
methylumbelliferyl substrates. The total enzymatic decomposition activity was mesured
as the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA). Bacterial enzymatic activities decreased
strongly after infiltration of lake water. The decrease in the enzyme activities correlated
with decrease in bacterial counts and biomass production. However, the increase in
specific FDA-hydrolysis activity (activity per bacterial cell) indicated that maintenance
energy requirements increased during filtration in the ground. There was also an increase
in the specific phosphatase activity, which might be associated with the decrease in the
concentration of available phosphate. All enzyme activities depended on seasonal
temperature changes. The highest FDA-hydrolysis, phosphatase and beta-glucosidase
activities occurred during the summer months, when the bacterial production activity and
the demand of essential nutrients were highest. On the contrary, the alanineaminopeptidase activity was highest during autumn and winter, probably as a result of
infiltrated nitrogenous material from senescing and dying microbes and algae in lake
water. The close correlations between enzymatic activities and other microbial
parameters suggest that enzyme activities can be used to monitor the changes in
microbiological quality of water during bank filtration of lake water. Copyright (C) 1996
Elsevier Science Ltd
Author Keywords: bacteria; bank filtration; enzyme activities; ground water; lake water;
organic matter; phytoplankton
KeyWords Plus: EUTROPHIC LAKE; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; ORGANIC-MATTER;
HYDROLYSIS; BIOMASS; CARBON; HUMUS; SOIL
Addresses: Miettinen IT (reprint author), NATL PUBL HLTH INST, LAB ENVIRONM
MICROBIOL, POB 95, KUOPIO, FIN-70701 FINLAND
NATL PUBL HLTH INST, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, KUOPIO, FIN-70701 FINLAND
Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,
KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
Subject Category: ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES;
WATER RESOURCES
IDS Number: VT980