環境資源與資訊題庫-104 學年度入學起適用
1. Please describe the interactions among soil, agriculture, and ecological
environment.
2. Please describe the interrelations between global warming and agricultural
production.
3. Please describe the temporal and spatial variation of climate in Taiwan.
4. Please explain the causes of La Niña phenomenon, and describe the change of
climate around Pacific region.
5. Please enumerate in detail the importance of understanding soil with regard to
application of precision agriculture.
6. Please enumerate in detail an application of remote sensing in soil and
environmental sciences related studies.
7. Prove the following relation of porosity to particle density and to bulk density:
ƒ=(ρs - ρb)/ρs = 1 - ρb/ρs
8. A sample of moist soil having a wet mass of 1.0 kg and a volume of 0.64 liter
(6.4×10-4 m3) was dried in the oven and found to have a dry mass of 0.8 kg.
Assuming the typical value of particle density for a mineral soil (2650 kg/m3),
calculate the bulk density ρb, porosity ƒ, void ratio e, mass wetness w, volume
wetness θ, water volume ratio νw, degree of saturation s, and air-filled porosity ƒa.
9. Give two bubble in a glass of carbonated water, one with a radius of 0.5 mm and
the other with a radius of 1.5 mm, what is the pressure difference between them?
Assume γ = 0.07 N/m.
10. Calculate the equilibrium capillary rise of water and mercury at 20℃ in glass
cylindrical capillary tubes of the following diameters: (a) 2 mm; (b) 0.5 mm; (c)
0.1 mm. Disregard density of atmosphere.
11. Using Stokes’s law, calculate the time needed for all sand particles (diameter >
50μm) to settle out of a depth of 0.2 m in an aqueous suspension at 30℃. How
long for all silt particles to settle out? How long for ”coarse” clay ( >1μm)?
12. Calculate the approximate specific surface of a sand composed of the following
array of particle size:
Average diameter: 1mm
0.5mm
0.2mm 0.1mm
Percent by mass:
40%
30%
20%
10%
13. Illustrate and explain the “Rock cycle”.
14. Illustrate profile of the Earth’s internal structure including the locations of Crust,
Mantle, Core, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere.
15. Illustrate Normal Fault, Reserve Fault, and Right Lateral Fault.
16. Indicate the differences between (1) Granite and Basalt, (2) Andesite and Granite,
(3) Basalt and Andesite.
17. Descript the physical meaning of Groundwater Table.
18. How do you verify flow direction of groundwater?
19. List two soil properties that clearly distinguish A from B horizons and list two that
distinguish B from C horizons.
20. Delineations on a detail soil map show mapping units. What types of mapping
units are there? What is a phase of a soil series? What is the difference between a
consociation and a complex?
21. Explain how redoximorphic features form in soils, including the forms of Fe that
occur and soil color that result.
22. Discuss the likely climate and vegetation at the locations of the soil horizon
sequences (Ap-E-Bt1-Bt2-2Bt3-2C and O-E-Bh-Bhs-Bs1-Bs2-C) respectively.
23. Describe and explain the possible pedogenetic pathway for argillic, cambic,
kandic, and oxic horizon.
24. Choose the most important factor of five factors that affect soil development and
explain how it influence the formation and development of Histisol, Spodosol,
Entisol, Andisol, and Mollisol. Use each soil forming factor only once.
25. Given: A cube of soil measures 10 x 10 x10 cm and has a total (wet) mass of 1460
g, of which 260 g is water. Assume the density of water is 1.00 g/cm3 and the soil
particle density is 2.65 g/cm3. Find: Mass water content, volume water content,
depth of water, soil bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity.
26. Use Stokes' law to calculate the amount of time required for particles of diameter
equal to 2.0, 0.05, 0.002, and 0.001 mm to fall 10 cm in water solution. Assume
particle density =2.7 g/cm3.
27. How many centimeters (equivalent depth) of water are contained in a soil profile 1
m deep if the mass wetness of the upper 40 cm is 15% and that of the lower 60 cm
is 25%? The bulk density is 1.20 g/cm3 in the upper layer and 1.40 g/cm3 in the
deeper layer. How much water does the soil contain in cubic meters per hectare of
land?
28. If a tensiometer functions in the range of ψm（matric potential）from 0 to -800cm,
what is the largest effective pore radius of the ceramic material making up the
tensiometer cup？
29. A tensiometer is buried in an unsaturated soil sample at a depth of 15cm below the
soil surface. The surface of the mercury reservoir is 10cm above the soil surface,
and the mercury-water interface in the tube connecting the tensiometer to the
mercury is 20cm above the soil surface. What is the matric potential of the soil
sample in head units(centimeters of water)?
30. The following soil data were obtained for an irrigation experiment with corn.
Irrigation of 10 cm was applied on 6/10/88 after monitoring the soil moisture.
Depth
(cm)
0-30
31-50
51-80
Bulk
density
(g/cm3)
1.2
1.3
1.4
Wilting
point
(w, g/g)
0.10
0.12
0.14
Field
capacity
(w, g/g)
0.30
0.32
0.28
Soil moisture content
(g/g)
6/10/88
0.10
0.15
0.25
6/20/88
0.20
0.25
0.20
81-150
1.6
0.15
0.25
0.20
0.15
(a) Calculate depth of penetration of irrigation water
(b) Evaluate evaportranspiration of corn in mm/day
(c) Determine drainable porosity at field capacity assuming particle density is 2.65
g/cm3