Electrons in Atoms
Electron Configurations
The Nuclear Atom & Unanswered Questions
• Rutherford Model Did Not Explain 2 Thoughts:
1.
2.
Light
•Certain elements emit visible light when ______________ into a flame.
•This chemical behavior is related to the arrangement of the _______________ in its atom.
Wave-like Properties of Light
•Examples include ultraviolet, infrared light, microwaves, & radio waves.
•These are known as ____________________ Radiation
•Form of energy that exhibits ___________________________ as it travels through space.
•Moves through a vacuum at a constant speed of ________________ m/s (speed of light)
•Measurable wave properties: ________________ (λ) and ________________ (v)
Quantum Model
•Theory that states that electrons have ___________________ properties.
•Electrons are thought of _____________ confined to the space around the atomic nucleus.
The frequency of
the electrons is based on the___________ of element.
 Wave
Label the amplitude and wavelength on each diagram.
How has the frequency &
wavelength changed?
The lower the frequency, the
_________________ the wavelength.
The higher the frequency, the
_________________ the wavelength
Equations:
c= λv
E = hv
E = h c/λ
h = Planck’s Constant= 6.626 x 10-34 J*s
C = speed of light (2.998 x 108 m/s)
λ = wavelength
V = frequency
Particle Nature of Light- The Quantum Model
•Quantum =
Quantum Leap= abrupt change of electrons going from present energy level to
the next higher one.
•(Think about photosynthesis
- what happens when the light hits the chlorophyll ???)
•Quantum Mechanical Model (year: ______)
• Based on math with ______________
• Fuzzy cloud of electrons
•Principle Quantum Number (n)
•n = 1 Lowest Energy Level (1s)
•n = 2 Next Higher Energy Level (2s2p)
Sublevels
s
p
d
f
Orbitals
1
3
5
7
Shape
spherical
dumb bell
clover leaf
too hard to visualize
Rules for Electron Configurations
•___________________ when you have a sublevel with more than 1 orbital, must have ____ electron in each
orbital before you can ___________________.
•__________________Principle= electrons enter orbitals of ________________energy first
•___________________________= ____electrons in _____ orbital must have ___________ spins (directions)
Photoelectric Effect
•Solar powered items (convert ___________ into _________________ energy)
• Electrons are called ______________________
•Wave model does NOT explain this!
•1905- Einstein stated that electromagnetic radiation has both wavelike and particle like natures.
(Stream of bundles of E are called __________________)
Atomic Emission Spectra
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8 x 8 grid - We will fill this out together.