Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of
Turbulent Flow through a Rod Bundle
B. L. Smith
Experimental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Utah State University
10 October, 2005
Prepared for
U. S. Department of Energy
Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology
Under DoE Idaho Operations Office
Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517
Abstract
Distributions of velocity and turbulence have been measured in a rod
bundle of two parallel rods downstream of a spacer grid using a twodimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) system.
The
measurements were taken in a matched-index-of-refraction (MIR)
facility, which allowed the measurement of complete two-dimensional
planes surrounding the model fuel rods. The rods were spaced at a pitchto-diameter and wall-to-diameter ratio of P/D = W/D = 1.21. Due to the
length of the test section, upstream and down stream measurements were
taken at each spanwise location. A FORTRAN code was developed to
integrate the two measurement zones into a single velocity field and
combine the 2D planes into a 3D velocity field.
Introduction
The safe, reliable, and efficient operation of nuclear reactors is dependant on the ability to
accurately predict velocity and temperature distributions in the flow inside coolant channels. A
frequently used fuel element geometry in nuclear reactors is the rod bundle. The development of
predictive capabilities for flow through rod bundles requires detailed experimental data on the
flow distribution and on the distribution of turbulence intensities.
The work presented herein was performed in support of the U.S. / Korean International
Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (KNERI) project entitled “Advanced computational thermal
fluid physics (CTFP) and its assessment for light water reactors and super-critical reactors.” The
goal of the experimental portion of the project is to answer the scientific needs, guide code
development and assess code capabilities for treating the generic forced convection problems in
Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWRs) and Super-Critical Reactors (SCRs).
The current experiment consists of two parallel rods, representative of a small section of
a proposed reactor core. The data provide benchmark velocity and turbulence measurements for
the portion of the study dwelling on forced convection in complex reactor geometries. For the
representative geometry, the experimental model provides a generic simulation of flow along
fuel rods separated by periodic grid spacers, as in an SCR concept.
Apparatus and Experimental Technique
The experiment was conducted in the matched-index-of-refraction (MIR) flow system at
the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The MIR facility is the largest of its kind in the world,
allowing for observation of large-scale models. The positioning of the current model in the MIR
system is illustrated in Figure 1.
2
Figure 1. MIR flow system with auxiliary flow loop for model flow control.
Nominal Model Design
The model represents two fuel rods from a reactor core geometry. It was selected to
include flow features of the thermal SCWR concepts suggested by Forschungszentrum
Karlsruhe, INL, and Professor Oka, University of Tokyo. The geometry is scaled to be six to
seven times larger than typical fuel pins, as depicted in Figure 2. The rod diameter is 2.50 inches
(63.5 mm) and the axial pitch of the grid spacers is 17.5 inches (444.5 mm). The outer diameter
of the spacers is 3.025 inches (76.8 mm). The inside diameter is 2.85 inches (72.4 mm). The
rods are each supported by two half-sphere protuberances and a rod-centering device.
Consequently, the cross-section is a rectangular flow channel with nominal dimensions of 3.025
inches by 6.050 inches (76.8 mm by 153.7 mm). The pitch-to-diameter and wall-to-diameter
ratio are then P/D = W/D = 1.21 for the simulated fuel rods. The proposed cross-section as
described is illustrated in Figure 3. In the axial direction, the model is made up of six
geometrically identical sections to produce streamwise-periodic flow conditions, as shown in
Figure 4. The model is constructed of a semi-transparent plastic, with the exception of the fourth
section, shown in green, which is constructed of fused quartz. At 23.3o C the quartz has the same
index-of-refraction as Penreco Drakeol #5 oil, the fluid used in the experiment. The fourth
section is referred to as the observation or measurement section where non-intrusive
measurements can be taken.
3
Figure 2. SCWR fuel assembly in a square configuration.
Figure 3. Nominal model cross-section.
4
Figure 4. Model as built.
Fabricated Model
The model as fabricated and installed in the MIR flow facility differs slightly from the
nominal model design. At the time of this writing there are several unknown dimensions. The
system apparently is not exactly symmetrical in the horizontal or vertical directions. At the
upstream end of the observation section, the top grid spacer is made of plastic, while the lower
one is made of quartz. Since the quartz is stiff and brittle and the plastic is more flexible, the
upper spacer may deform and allow the upper rod to settle to a lower elevation. The rods are not
perfectly aligned side-to-side nor are they equally spaced vertically in the channel. The
variations in the streamwise direction should be measured.
The origin of the data set is based on the actual position of the rods and spacers. The
streamwise origin (x = 0) is the downstream edge of the upstream spacer. The cross-stream
origin (y = 0) is directly between the two rods. The spanwise origin (z = 0) is centered on the
lower rod.
Measurements
Measurements of velocity components are made using a state-of-the-art Particle Image
Velocimetry (PIV) system by LaVision Inc. PIV generates a planar two-component velocity
vector field at an instant in time. Each measurement requires a pair of digital images separated
by a known time increment. The velocity is calculated by correlating the two images. The flow
is seeded with ten-micron diameter silver-coated glass spheres. The seeds are chosen to be
approximately neutrally buoyant, allowing them to closely follow the flow. The seeds are
illuminated by a laser sheet during the capture of each image. Cross-correlations are performed
on small subregions (interrogation windows) of the image pairs to determine the most likely
velocity vector in the plane for that sub region. The interrogation window initially consists of 64
pixels in each direction and these may overlap one another by fifty percent. The camera is
placed perpendicularly to the laser sheet in the fashion shown in Figure 5.
5
Figure 5. General 2-D PIV arrangement.
The resolution and accuracy of the result can be improved by shifting the second
window in the estimated direction of the velocity vector by a known amount. A first pass
without a shift provides the estimate of how much to displace the second window on the second
pass. Multiple passes make it possible to reduce the interrogation window to 16 pixels,
quadrupling the spatial resolution.
The bias uncertainty of each instantaneous PIV measurement is estimated similarly as in
[2] by noting that PIV measurements are made by determining the displacement of particles over
a set time interval. Specifically,
sL0
,
u
tLI
where u is a general velocity component, t is the time interval between the laser pulses, s is
the particle displacement from the correlation algorithm, LO is the width of the camera view in
the object plane in physical coordinates and LI is the width of the digital image in pixels (the

streamwise direction was chosen). Assuming
independent samples (as verified below), the bias
error of the measured velocity is related to the elementary bias errors based on the sensitivity
coefficients:
2
2
 u 2 2  u 2 2  u  2  u  2
2
Bu    Bs    Bt    BL0    BL I
s 
t 
L0 
LI 
The magnitudes and bias uncertainties of each of these quantities are provided in the table below.
The velocity bias uncertainty based on these values was computed to be Bu = 0.0183 m/s. The
bias in v is similar.

Variable
Magnitude
Bias, Bi
Lo (m)
0.25
2E-6
LI [pixels]
1376
0.5
3E-4
1.4E-9
t (s)
10 (typical)
0.03
s (pixel)
6
In addition to the bias error on the instantaneous velocity, the fluctuating, turbulent,
velocity field results in a precision error on the mean value. For a 95% confidence interval, the
precision error is
u
Pu  1.96 rms
N
where N is the number of independent samples (400) and urms is the root-mean-square of the
velocity fluctuations, and 1.96 is the multiplier for a 95% confidence interval. The precision
uncertainty is thus 0.098urms. Typical values of urms are 0.3 m/s, and in some regions near the
 m/s. Using the larger value, one finds the precision error
spacers, the rms level is as high as 0.5
is about 0.0054 m/s, which is not significant compared to the bias error.
Two groups of measurements were made. Most measurements were made with a large
field of view using a 50 mm camera lens; these are described below. Subsequently a second set
of data was acquired with a 105-mm lens on two very small fields of view (at z = 0) in between
the rods, 1) just downstream of a spacer and 2) directly in between two sets of spacers. Very
high spatial resolution was achieved, with the entire vertical extent of the camera view spread
over 18 mm. An example of one raw-data image from this data set is shown in Figure 6. The
red spots are seed particles with reflections bright enough to saturate the camera sensor. When
acquiring these data, the seeding density used was the same as the wide-angle shots described
below. As a result, the number of pixels from one seed image to the next is much larger than the
wide-angle data. It is therefore necessary to use very large interrogation regions to process the
data reliably, and doing so would render the vector resolution of this measurement undesirable.
Processing with a final interrogation window of 16 pixels generates a large number of invalid
vectors, most of which the PIV software detects and removes. However, a small number of
invalid vectors can have a very large impact on rms calculations. Therefore, we have decided
that the rms results should not be used. The time-mean flow field of the flow downstream of
the spacer is shown in Figure 7. The wake of the spacers is clearly visible just downstream from
where the two spacers meet.
7
Figure 6. Raw data image from a high resolution case just downstream of a spacer with
flow from right to left. The upper spacer (plastic) is clearly visible. The lower spacer, which is
quartz and is shifted slightly upstream, is faintly visible.
Figure 7. Time-averaged vector field of the flow in the vicinity of the rod spacers. Flow
inside the upper spacer cannot be measured since the plastic spacer obscures the camera view
(i.e. refractive index of plastic does not match the oil). Flow inside the lower quartz spacer has
been measured successfully.
For the wide-angle set of data (50-mm lens), due to the length of the observation section,
the PIV camera was not able to view the entire section at once. Therefore, flow through the
section was captured by taking data at an upstream station, moving the camera downstream and
taking additional data at the downstream station. Combining the data from the two stations then
created a complete picture of the observation section. The data in the region where the upstream
and downstream images overlapped were averaged. Data were acquired in this fashion for 33
spanwise (z) planes. At each position (x,y,z) 400 samples of the instantaneous u and v
velocities were collected, from which the flow statistics were calculated. The 33 resulting
planes were then combined into one file, which documented the flow through the entire 3D test
section. The manner in which the upstream and downstream data were combined is described in
Appendix A. For each plane, 400 instantaneous flow fields were acquired at a rate of four per
second. This rate was based on a hand calculation of the lowest frequencies likely to be present
in the flow and was validated by acquiring sequences of 400 samples at 1 and 2 Hz and verifying
that the values did not change. The FORTRAN code used to average all data and assemble the
various planes is provided in Appendix C.
8
Results
From the 400 instantaneous u and v velocities collected at each spatial point, the mean
streamwise and vertical velocity components were calculated, as well as the in plane Reynolds
stresses (normal and shear) and the turbulent kinetic energy. The final data set is a 1.6 million
data point, 155 MB ASCII (TechPlot format) file. The file has columns of x, y, z, U, V,
uu, v v , uv ,TKE. The streamwise origin (x) is located at the downstream edge of the
upstream grid spacer. The domain of the data set extends slightly upstream of the origin. The
upstream edge of the downstream grid spacer is then located at x = 400 mm.



Statistics
The mean axial and vertical velocities were calculated in the FORTRAN code (Appendix
C) according to Equations (1) and (2) respectively. The number N is the number of valid vectors
returned by the PIV system. In the PIV software there are several criteria used to determine the
validity of a calculated vector.
U
1 N
 ui
N i1
(1)
V
1 N
vi
N i1
(2)

In the case of an invalid vector the value of the vector is returned as exactly zero. Also
in the software, masks were applied to the portions of the image where the solid model was
present, i.e., rods, spacers, walls.
 The velocity was set identically to zero in these areas. As the
instantaneous velocities at each point were summed the number of non-zero values was counted,
giving the value of N at that point. If the number of valid vectors at a point was found to less
than half the total number of vectors the mean velocity at that point was set to zero. With the
mean velocities known, the instantaneous velocities were calculated according to Eqs. (3) and
(4), from which the Reynolds stresses were calculated according to Eqs. (5), (6) and (7). With
the Reynolds stresses known at each point, the "turbulence kinetic energy" was calculated
according to Eq. (8).

u
i  ui U, i 1,N
(3)
v
i  v i V, i 1,N
(4)
u u  

v v  
u v  
1
N
1
N
1
N
N
 ui ui
(5)
i 1
N
 vi vi
(6)
i 1
N
 ui vi
i 1
9
(7)
TKE 

1
u u   v v 
2

(8)
Flow Results
The bulk velocity at each streamwise plane was calculated by averaging all non-zero
velocities in that plane. The resulting axial variation is shown by the lower line in Figure 11.
However, there is considerable uncertainty in the velocities near the walls due to the finite
thickness of the laser sheet in the PIV system. In the current model, the back wall, i.e. z = 40
mm, is not made of fused quartz. Additionally, O-rings used to assemble the model interfere
with the laser as the walls are approached. Despite the well matched indices of refraction for the
model material and the fluid, the data at the back of the model (for which the camera looks
through the rods) is more scattered. Consequently, we calculate the bulk velocity by averaging
only the axial velocities where z ≥ 0, the region nearest the camera. The resulting bulk velocity
calculation is shown by the upper line in Figure 11. Clearly this value should not vary with x,
and all variations therefore represent uncertainty in the measurement. Based on the two flow
meters installed in the MIR in the loops providing flow to the model, the bulk velocity is
4.46 m/s, which is 5% larger than our measurement.
Figure 8. Streamwise (U) velocity on several evenly-spaced y-z planes.
10
PIV data taken for the KNERI project
in the MIR lab at INL, Idaho Falls, Idaho
Mean V velocity
May, 2005
V: -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
321 streamwise planes
Range: X = -16.7mm to 410.4mm
Origin
X: Spacer edge
Y & Z: Symmetry Planes
100
0
y
50
-50
Velocity in meters per second
Dimensions in millimeters
-100
x
-40
0
40
z
Figure 9. Cross-stream (V) velocity on several evenly-spaced y-z planes.
Figure 10. "Turbulence kinetic energy" velocity on several evenly-spaced y-z planes.
11
The mean axial velocity shown in Figure 12 is normalized by the average bulk velocity
for the entire volume. Due to the smaller cross section flow path in the area of the grid spacers
the mean axial velocity U is highest just as the flow leaves the spacer, as seen in the right most
plane of Figure 8. The mean vertical velocity and "turbulent kinetic energy," shown in Figures 9
and 10 respectively, are very small throughout the flow except in the region very near the
spacers. As the cross-sectional area of the flow suddenly increases, the maximum axial velocity
decreases downstream of the grid spacer. The normalized axial velocity (U/Ubulk) shows higher
relative velocities everywhere compared to other studies in similar fuel rod configurations. For
the configuration of Rehme, the largest normalized velocity reported is 1.3 [1]. However, the
ratio of cross-sectional area in the spacer to the cross-sectional area out of the spacer is smaller
for the present configuration than for the configuration in [1]. The greater reduction in crosssectional area would cause the flow to reach higher velocities. The geometry of the spacer is
such that flow turbulence would also be increased over the smoother geometry of [1].
As shown in Figure 13, the maximum axial mean velocity decreases rapidly in the first 50
mm after the spacer, then decreases at a nearly constant rate. As the next periodic spacer is
approached, the maximum velocity levels off and begins to increase as it approaches the smaller
cross-sectional area.
Three cross-stream planes (y,z) of data at reduced resolution (for the sake of space) are
provided in the Appendix B. These same planes are posted in text files on the EFDL website [3]
at full resolution.
Conclusions
Velocity and turbulence distributions have been obtained for a rod bundle of two parallel
rods separated by grid spacers using a PIV system. The resulting data were analyzed to produce
mean axial and vertical velocity fields as well as turbulence data. The final results including
mass flow rate and bulk velocity are in reasonable agreement with the values measured using the
MIR lab equipment. The data provide an opportunity to test turbulence models for the given
geometry.
12
Figure 11. Streamwise bulk velocity variation.
13
Figure 12. Streamwise velocity normalized by the bulk velocity.
14
Figure 13. Maximum normalized streamwise velocity (Umax/Ubulk) as a function of
downstream distance.
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
Rehme, K., Experimental Investigation of the Redistribution of Turbulent Flow in a Rod
Bundle Downstream of a Spacer Grid, Proceedings of the Fifth International Topical
Meeting on Reactor Thermal Hydaulics NURETH-5, 1992.
Adeyinka, O. B., and Naterer, G. F., Experimental Uncertainty of Measured Entropy
Production with Pulsed Laser PIV and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence, Int. J. Heat
and Mass 48 pp. 1450-1461, 2005.
Smith, B. L., Experimental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory website, 2005.
http://www.mae.usu.edu/faculty/bsmith/EFDL/EFDL.htm.
15
Appendix A
Overlap Region
The overlap region was determined by correlating the model geometry with the locations
returned by the PIV system. The actual geometry of the model is such that the axial distance
between the spacers is approximately 400 mm. The coordinates assigned to the upstream and
downstream images by the PIV system are shown in Figures 14 and 15, respectively. To
correlate the two coordinate systems a new origin was chosen. The x-origin for the presented
data was chosen to be the downstream side of the upper upstream spacer, as indicated by x = 0 in
Figure 16. Since the PIV system defaults to flow moving from left to right, the first change was
to invert the sign on all x-coordinates. Then, for every point in the upstream image, 28.9 mm
was added to the x-coordinate to align it with the new origin. For every point in the downstream
image, 190 mm was added to the x-coordinate to align the downstream spacer to its proper
location, 400 mm from the upstream spacer.
Figure 14. Coordinates for the upstream image.
Figure 15. Coordinates for the downstream image.
16
Figure 16. Correlation of the coordinate systems.
From the values in Figure Error! Reference source not found. the span of the overlap
region was found to be 104.9 mm. Starting 144.39 mm downstream from the upstream spacer, it
extended to 249.3 mm. In the non-overlap regions the values of the variables calculated from the
PIV results were used. In the overlap region the upstream and downstream values were
averaged.
17
Appendix B
Selected y-z data planes.
The columns are x [mm], y[mm], z[mm], U[m/s], V[m/s], uu[m2/s2], v v  [m2/s2], uv 
[m /s ],TKE [m2/s2]. The streamwise origin (x) is located at the downstream edge of the
upstream grid spacer. The domain of the data set extends slightly upstream of the origin. The
upstream edge of the downstream grid spacer is then located
 at x = 400
 mm.

2 2
X=32mm (Reduced Data Set)
y
77.50
72.15
66.81
61.46
56.11
50.77
45.42
40.08
34.73
29.38
24.04
18.69
13.34
8.00
2.65
-2.69
-8.04
-13.39
-18.73
-24.08
-29.42
-34.77
-40.12
-45.46
-50.81
-56.15
-61.50
-66.85
gf-72.19
-77.54
77.50
72.15
66.81
61.46
56.11
50.77
45.42
40.08
34.73
29.38
24.04
18.69
13.34
8.00
2.65
-2.69
-8.04
-13.39
-18.73
-24.08
-29.42
-34.77
-40.12
-45.46
-50.81
-56.15
-61.50
-66.85
-72.19
-77.54
77.50
72.15
66.81
61.46
56.11
50.77
45.42
40.08
34.73
z
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
U
0.0000
6.2933
5.9315
5.0417
4.7003
2.9336
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
3.0022
4.5596
5.5302
6.6964
7.1146
7.1544
6.6015
4.8936
3.3168
2.5622
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4.9647
5.1210
6.5332
6.2036
0.0000
0.0000
5.0944
4.9067
0.3890
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4.7220
6.6014
5.9471
5.0018
1.5964
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4.7377
5.1086
0.0000
0.0000
4.4561
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
V
0.0000
-0.0393
-0.0247
0.0961
0.0709
-0.1310
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.4692
0.4773
0.2382
0.1724
0.1118
0.0562
-0.0024
0.1095
0.0168
0.0928
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1813
0.1023
0.1245
0.0584
0.0000
0.0000
-0.0592
0.2063
0.0459
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0841
0.1742
0.0784
0.0682
0.0762
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0980
0.0937
0.0000
0.0000
0.0443
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
18
u'u'
v'v'
0.0000
0.1466
0.5212
0.3863
0.5920
3.0700
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.4251
0.4698
0.5146
0.2112
0.1455
0.1415
0.3152
0.6833
0.5224
0.9894
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3475
0.4735
0.1879
0.1771
0.0000
0.0000
0.3759
0.6838
1.3774
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.5107
0.3950
0.7264
0.4061
3.6679
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3909
0.4353
0.0000
0.0000
0.7668
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0773
0.3025
0.3989
0.2930
0.3463
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.4243
0.2530
0.2553
0.1369
0.0818
0.0977
0.1846
0.4348
0.3612
0.2692
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2505
0.3928
0.1349
0.0722
0.0000
0.0000
0.2771
0.2966
0.0726
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2938
0.1967
0.3809
0.3699
0.1131
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3120
0.2018
0.0000
0.0000
0.2783
0.0000
0.0000
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6.3884
5.1343
4.2235
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3.9811
4.9830
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6.2633
5.4524
4.8078
4.1436
0.0000
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2.5043
4.0330
5.6727
6.6458
6.9208
6.9502
6.6530
5.2333
3.3401
2.6816
0.0000
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4.7700
5.2394
6.4236
6.2781
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0.0825
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0.1391
0.0303
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0.1907
0.2040
0.0970
0.0653
0.0574
0.0342
0.0272
0.0372
0.0721
0.1048
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1502
0.0654
0.0651
0.0240
0.0000
20
0.1627
0.2280
0.1769
0.2948
0.0000
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0.0000
0.0000
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0.3827
0.1970
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0.0509
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0.0451
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0.0718
0.1133
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0.0000
0.0000
0.1018
0.1368
0.0604
0.0458
0.0000
X=80mm (Reduced Data Set)
y
77.50
72.15
66.81
61.46
56.11
50.77
45.42
40.08
34.73
29.38
24.04
18.69
13.34
8.00
2.65
-2.69
-8.04
-13.39
-18.73
-24.08
-29.42
-34.77
-40.12
-45.46
-50.81
-56.15
-61.50
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-72.19
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77.50
72.15
66.81
61.46
56.11
50.77
45.42
40.08
34.73
29.38
24.04
18.69
13.34
8.00
2.65
-2.69
-8.04
-13.39
-18.73
-24.08
-29.42
-34.77
-40.12
-45.46
-50.81
-56.15
-61.50
-66.85
-72.19
-77.54
77.50
72.15
66.81
61.46
56.11
50.77
45.42
40.08
34.73
29.38
24.04
18.69
13.34
8.00
2.65
-2.69
-8.04
-13.39
-18.73
-24.08
-29.42
-34.77
-40.12
-45.46
-50.81
-56.15
-61.50
-66.85
-72.19
z
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
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20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
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20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
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10.00
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10.00
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10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
U
0.0000
6.0914
5.9251
5.2318
4.6632
3.7005
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
3.5103
4.7015
5.7831
6.6105
6.9882
6.9422
6.2267
4.9221
3.6812
2.8852
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4.9768
5.4867
6.2216
5.8576
0.0000
0.0000
5.0806
4.9567
0.1736
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5.3038
6.4647
5.8855
5.1696
0.6759
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4.7472
4.6464
0.0000
0.0000
4.3460
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
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3.4008
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u'u'
v'v'
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y
77.50
72.15
66.81
61.46
56.11
50.77
45.42
40.08
34.73
29.38
24.04
18.69
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13.34
8.00
2.65
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-8.04
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-18.73
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-40.12
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z
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
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0.0000
5.5150
5.9515
5.5214
4.7527
3.9927
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
3.9307
4.8879
5.7075
6.0124
6.0603
6.0086
5.7124
5.1398
4.3646
3.6105
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4.2446
5.0320
5.5925
5.6763
5.0136
0.0000
0.0000
5.2245
4.9404
0.2319
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5.7205
6.2164
5.8540
5.1953
0.7025
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
4.9841
4.6994
0.0000
0.0000
4.4943
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
5.1719
4.9371
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
V
0.0000
0.0039
-0.0004
-0.0276
0.0417
0.0914
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
-0.0061
-0.0037
0.0897
0.0372
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0.0695
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0.0038
0.0344
0.0406
0.0962
0.6166
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0.0494
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0.0000
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0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
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0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
24
u'u'
v'v'
0.0000
0.1633
0.3785
0.2238
0.3438
0.6707
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6259
0.4074
0.2560
0.2591
0.3141
0.3159
0.2124
0.2826
0.2646
0.4314
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.4500
0.2093
0.1331
0.1462
0.2634
0.0000
0.0000
0.2345
0.6372
0.0970
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
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0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.4457
0.2454
0.3103
0.4010
1.3642
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.3341
0.2886
0.0000
0.0000
0.1628
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
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0.0000
0.0000
0.3659
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0.0000
0.0762
0.1001
0.1727
0.1360
0.2366
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0.2612
0.2492
0.1662
0.1328
0.1504
0.1788
0.1447
0.1730
0.1423
0.1583
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0.1239
0.0852
0.0878
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u'v'
TKE
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0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0542
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0.1440
0.1876
0.1971
0.3012
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.4098
0.2603
0.0938
0.0464
0.0938
0.0000
0.0467
0.0488
0.0630
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0713
0.0633
0.0736
0.0667
0.0600
0.0702
0.0644
0.0911
0.0710
0.0539
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0433
0.0516
0.0459
0.0294
0.0340
0.0000
0.0043
-0.0089
-0.0640
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0571
0.0480
0.0329
0.0146
0.0091
-0.0063
-0.0299
-0.0617
-0.0568
-0.0420
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0293
0.0103
0.0071
-0.0035
-0.0214
0.0000
0.1340
0.1659
0.2272
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1621
0.1212
0.1250
0.0988
0.0996
0.0976
0.1042
0.1394
0.1341
0.1775
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.7265
0.1559
0.0698
0.0379
0.0639
0.0000
Appendix C
Data Analysis Code
The following is a FORTRAN 90/95 code. The code is commented to explain the
purpose of each section and clarify input, output, and calculations.
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!
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!
!
"stitched"
!
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!
!
!
!
!
This code takes directory names containing files of
PIV results that have been written in Techplot format
with the following variables:'x','y','U','V'.
All files in a given directory are results from the
same position in space. The results from each directory are
averaged to give the average U and V velocities at each
point. Velocity fluctuations at each point in space
and time are then calculated, i.e. (u' = u - U).
The velocity fluctuations are then squared or
multiplied then averaged to give the Reynolds
Stresses: u'u'(avg), v'v'(avg) and u'v'(avg). The
Turbulent Kinetic Engery (TKE)at each point in space is
then calculated by TKE = (u'u'(avg) + v'v'(avg))/2.
The x and y locations along with the six
quantities U,V,u'u'(avg), v'v'(avg), u'v'(avg), and TKE
are then written to a file in Techplot format.
!
!
!
!
!
! Note
! that
! Just
processor
! will
! DO i
6/12/05 - code essentially finished and ready for testing
This particular code is used to combine the results from
several different positions in space into a block of 3D data.
Data was recorded at two overlapping streamwise locations and
33 spanwise locations. The two streamwise locations are
together while the spanwise locations are simply collected into
a single file.
In the "stitching" portion of the code a sinlge file is
created which spans the region covered by the two single regions.
In the non-overlap regions the data is simple copied. In the
overlap region values from both regions are combined to give an
average value, based on position. The new file, which covers the
entire space previous covered by two files, is then joined with
similar files at other spanwise locations to create the 3D file
Adam Richards
May 2005
8/09/05 - Comments above revised
- TKE calculation corrected in code
on char(I): Returns the character cooresponding to the list
is processor dependent: for intel: 48=0,49=1,50=2, etc.
write the list to the screen to find out what the particular
return:
= 1,300; Write(*,*)char(i); ENDDO
PROGRAM main
IMPLICIT NONE
!
Variable declarations and descriptions
REAL:: xlast, ylast,Usum,Vsum, UVsum
REAL:: zpos,z,x_upper,x_lower,delta_x,overlap,zstep
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INTEGER::
i,j,k,m,n,nn,p,q,ipix,jpix,zp,itemp,jtemp,tempint,numfiles,minvv
INTEGER:: di, dj, imax, jmax, nx, loc, ny, a, b, nrow, rennum, rennumread
INTEGER:: xstar, xfin, ystar, yfin, pick, lext, lname, ldir, indexxl,
indexxr, np, deg
INTEGER:: indexyb, indexyt, h, t, o, d, c, th, tth, runnum, count,
piccount, ntot
INTEGER:: lfilein,OV_pix,x_all,iU,ID,qstart,R_freq
CHARACTER(len=20) :: filename,list_of_files
CHARACTER(len=10) :: tempchar,tempchar1,tempchar2,tempchar3
CHARACTER(len=10) :: tempchar4,tempchar5,tempchar6
CHARACTER(len=10):: junk, nxchar, nychar, chars, view
CHARACTER(len=30):: filedir, deffiledir, deffilename, newfold, string1
CHARACTER(len=8):: outa, outb, outc
CHARACTER(len=3):: filenum,n_p,dec_pos,int_pos
CHARACTER(len=520):: fileprefix1,fileprefix2
CHARACTER(len=30):: filewrite_up,filewrite_dn,filewrite_all,tempin
CHARACTER(len=50):: defext, ext, Tech3D_file
CHARACTER(len=120):: fileopen
REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:) ::
xtemp,ytemp,utemp,vtemp,xU,yU,xD,yD,x,y
REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:) ::
UavgU,VavgU,u2avgU,v2avgU,uvavgU,TKE_U
REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:) ::
UavgD,VavgD,u2avgD,v2avgD,uvavgD,TKE_D
REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: Uavg,Vavg,u2avg,v2avg,uvavg,TKE
REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: uinstU,vinstU,uprmU,vprmU
REAL, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:,:) :: uinstD,vinstD,uprmD,vprmD
INTEGER, ALLOCATABLE, DIMENSION(:,:) :: vvU,vvD,vv
!
Establish Defaults
Tech3D_file = 'KNERI_3D_MAY_05.dat'
deffiledir='F:\KNERI_AR\'
deffilename='zp00p0'
defext='_PostProc_nomask_PostProc_withmask'
!
Collect the file path information
Write(*,*) "The filename, filedirectory, and file extension names &
cannot contain spaces."
Write(*,*) "To accept default values, enter '1'"
Write(*,*) "What is the file directory? (",deffiledir(1:11),")"
Read(*,*) filedir;If(filedir=='1') Then; filedir=deffiledir; EndIf
Do i=1,90; chars=filedir(i:i); If(chars=='') exit; ENDDO; ldir=i-1
!Write(*,*) "What is the root file name?(",deffilename,")"
!Read(*,*) filename;If(filename=='1') Then;
filename=deffilename; !EndIf
Do i=1,90; chars=filename(i:i); If(chars=='') exit; ENDDO; lname=i-1
!Write(*,*) "What is the file extension?(",defext,")"
!Read(*,*) ext;If(ext=='1') Then;
ext=defext; !EndIf
Do i=1,90; chars=ext(i:i); If(chars=='') exit; ENDDO; lext=i-1
!
Information for the overlap region
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'What is the x-location of the Upstream spacer? (28.9)'
x_upper = 28.9 !READ(*,*)x_upper
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'What is the x-location of the Downstream spacer? (-210)'
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x_lower = -210 !READ(*,*)x_lower
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'What is the x-distance between the spacers?
delta_x = 400 !READ(*,*)delta_x
(400)'
!
Set the number of pixels for each picture
!
This is camera specific
ipix = 200;jpix = 150
!
np represents the number of planes in spanwise direction in the 3D
space
!
np must be less than 99 or this code won't work
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'How many planes are to be analyzed? '
READ(*,*)np !np=4
!
nn represents the number of files at each point in space
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'How many files are to be read in for each plane? '
READ(*,*)nn !nn=16
!
Set the minimun number of valid vectors required for a spot
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'Minimum number of valuid vectors is 25% of total files.'
minvv = int(0.25*nn)
WRITE(*,*)'Minimum Vectors = ',minvv
!
Initial z position (spanwise direction)
! Positive was towards the Bay doors and Negative was
! to the side of the operator station
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'What is the initial Z position? '
READ(*,*)zpos !zpos = 0.0
!
Step size inthe Z direction
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'What is the step size in Z position? '
READ(*,*)zstep !zstep = -2.5
!
Set reporting frequency for file readin
Write(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'How often should the file being read be reported? '
READ(*,*)R_freq !R_freq = 2
! Allocate the data storage variables
ALLOCATE(xtemp(ipix*jpix),ytemp(ipix*jpix),&
utemp(ipix*jpix),vtemp(ipix*jpix))
ALLOCATE(UavgU(ipix,jpix),VavgU(ipix,jpix),u2avgU(ipix,jpix), &
v2avgU(ipix,jpix),uvavgU(ipix,jpix),TKE_U(ipix,jpix))
ALLOCATE(xU(ipix),yU(jpix),uinstU(ipix,jpix,nn),vinstU(ipix,jpix,nn) &
,uprmU(ipix,jpix,nn),vprmU(ipix,jpix,nn),vvU(ipix,jpix))
ALLOCATE(UavgD(ipix,jpix),VavgD(ipix,jpix),u2avgD(ipix,jpix), &
v2avgD(ipix,jpix),uvavgD(ipix,jpix),TKE_D(ipix,jpix))
ALLOCATE(xD(ipix),yD(jpix),uinstD(ipix,jpix,nn),vinstD(ipix,jpix,nn) &
,uprmD(ipix,jpix,nn),vprmD(ipix,jpix,nn),vvD(ipix,jpix))
!
Open the final 3D file for writing
open(unit=35,file=Tech3D_file)
write(35,'(A25)')'TITLE = "KNERI_3D_MAY_05"'
Write(35,'(A63)')'VARIABLES =
"x","y","z","U","V","u2","v2","uv","TKE","Val_Vect"'
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Write(*,*)'Press Enter to analyze the data'
READ(*,'(a)')tempin
! Iterate through all the planes
Do j=1,np
WRITE(*,*)'******************************************'
WRITE(*,*)'******************************************'
Write(*,'(1x,A24,I2)')'Working on plane number ',j
Write(*,'(1x,A20,F5.1)')'
Z position = ',zpos
WRITE(*,*)'******************************************'
WRITE(*,*)'******************************************'
! Is the plane in the Positive or Negative region?
! Positive was towards the Bay doors inthe MIR lab
! and Negative was toward the side of the operator station
IF(zpos.LT.0.0)THEN
n_p = "n"
z = abs(zpos)
ELSE
n_p = "p"
z = zpos
ENDIF
! Determine the integer part of the current file name
If (z<10) Then
t=0
o=int(z)
int_pos = char(t+48)//char(o+48)
Else
t=int(z/10)
o=z-t*10
int_pos = char(t+48)//char(o+48)
EndIf
! Determine the decimal part of the file name
dec_pos = char(int((z-int(z))*10)+48)
! Create one file prefix for the upstream file and
! one for the downstream file
fileprefix1=filedir(1:ldir)//"z"//n_p(1:1)//int_pos(1:2)//"p" &
//dec_pos(1:1)//"up"//ext(1:lext)
fileprefix2=filedir(1:ldir)//"z"//n_p(1:1)//int_pos(1:2)//"p" &
//dec_pos(1:1)//"down"//ext(1:lext)
! Create the names for the output files
filewrite_up = &
"z"//n_p(1:1)//int_pos(1:2)//"p"//dec_pos(1:1)//"up"//".dat"
filewrite_dn = &
"z"//n_p(1:1)//int_pos(1:2)//"p"//dec_pos(1:1)//"down"//".dat"
filewrite_all = &
"z"//n_p(1:1)//int_pos(1:2)//"p"//dec_pos(1:1)//"all"//".dat"
! Iterate through all the upstream files collecting
! the instantaneous velocities
Do i=1,nn
! setup the specific file name by adding the file number to
&
B00---.dat
If (i<10) Then
h=0
t=0
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o=i
filenum=char(h+48)//char(t+48)//char(o+48)
fileopen = &
fileprefix1(1:ldir+8+lext)//"\B00"//filenum//".dat"
ElseIf (i>=10 .and. i<100) Then
h=0
t=int(i/10)
o=i-t*10
filenum=char(h+48)//char(t+48)//char(o+48)
fileopen = &
fileprefix1(1:ldir+8+lext)//"\B00"//filenum//".dat"
ElseIf (i>100) Then
h=int(i/100)
t=int((i-h*100)/10)
o=i-h*100-t*10
filenum=char(h+48)//char(t+48)//char(o+48)
fileopen = &
fileprefix1(1:ldir+8+lext)//"\B00"//filenum//".dat"
EndIf
! Open the upstream file
OPEN(unit=100,file=fileopen,status='old')
IF(mod(i+1,R_freq).EQ.1)THEN
Write(*,'(1x,A13,I4,A4,I4,A15)') &
'Opening file ',i,' of ',nn," &
\B00"//filenum//".dat"
ENDIF
! Read the header (information not needed)
READ(100,*)tempchar1
READ(100,*)tempchar2
READ(100,*)tempchar3
!
!
! From the first file set up the arrays
IF(i.EQ.1)THEN
! Read in all the raw data
Do k = 1,ipix*jpix
READ(100,*)xtemp(k),ytemp(k),utemp(k),vtemp(k)
Write(*,222)k,' of ',ipix*jpix
ENDDO
CLOSE(100)
!
Arrange X and Y data into 1D arrays
m=0;n=0;xlast=0.0;ylast=0.0
DO p = 1,ipix
IF(xtemp(p).NE.xlast)THEN
m = m+1
xU(m) = xtemp(p)
xlast = xU(m)
ENDIF
ENDDO
DO q = 1,ipix*jpix
IF(ytemp(q).NE.ylast)THEN
n = n+1
yU(n) = ytemp(q)
ylast = yU(n)
ENDIF
ENDDO
All subsequent files
ELSE
! Read in all the raw data
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!
Do k = 1,ipix*jpix
READ(100,*)xtemp(k),ytemp(k),utemp(k),vtemp(k)
Write(*,222)k,' of &
',ipix*jpix,xtemp(k),ytemp(k),utemp(k),vtemp(k)
ENDDO
CLOSE(100)
ENDIF
!
Arrange U and V data into 2D arrays
m=0;n=1
DO p = 1,ipix*jpix
If(m.EQ.ipix)THEN
m = 0;n = n+1
ENDIf
m = m+1
!**** Changing the sign on all the instantaneous U values
!
This is because the flow was right to left and the PIV system
!
always assumes flow left to right to be positive
UinstU(m,n,i) = -utemp(p)
VinstU(m,n,i) = vtemp(p)
ENDDO
EndDo
WRITE(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'UPSTREAM files read in.............'
WRITE(*,*)
! Iterate through all the downstream files collecting
! the instantaneous velocities
Do i=1,nn
! setup the specific file name by adding the file &
number to B00---.dat
If (i<10) Then
h=0
t=0
o=i
filenum=char(h+48)//char(t+48)//char(o+48)
fileopen = &
fileprefix2(1:ldir+10+lext)//"\B00"//filenum//".dat"
ElseIf (i>=10 .and. i<100) Then
h=0
t=int(i/10)
o=i-t*10
filenum=char(h+48)//char(t+48)//char(o+48)
fileopen = &
fileprefix2(1:ldir+10+lext)//"\B00"//filenum//".dat"
ElseIf (i>100) Then
h=int(i/100)
t=int((i-h*100)/10)
o=i-h*100-t*10
filenum=char(h+48)//char(t+48)//char(o+48)
fileopen = &
fileprefix2(1:ldir+10+lext)//"\B00"//filenum//".dat"
EndIf
! Open the downstream file
OPEN(unit=100,file=fileopen,status='old')
IF(mod(i+1,R_freq).EQ.1)THEN
Write(*,'(1x,A13,I4,A4,I4,A15)') &
'Opening file ',i,' of ',nn," &
\B00"//filenum//".dat"
ENDIF
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!
!
Write(*,*)fileopen
READ(*,'(a)')tempin
! Read the header (information not needed)
READ(100,*)tempchar1
READ(100,*)tempchar2
READ(100,*)tempchar3
! From the first file set up the arrays
IF(i.EQ.1)THEN
! Read in all the raw data
Do k = 1,ipix*jpix
READ(100,*)xtemp(k),ytemp(k),utemp(k),vtemp(k)
ENDDO
CLOSE(100)
!
Arrange data into arrays: X and Y in 1D arrays
and &
U and V in 2D arrays
m=0;n=0;xlast=0.0;ylast=0.0
DO p = 1,ipix
IF(xtemp(p).NE.xlast)THEN
m = m+1
xD(m) = xtemp(p)
xlast = xD(m)
ENDIF
ENDDO
DO q = 1,ipix*jpix
IF(ytemp(q).NE.ylast)THEN
n = n+1
yD(n) = ytemp(q)
ylast = yD(n)
ENDIF
ENDDO
ELSE
! Read in all the raw data
DO k = 1,ipix*jpix
READ(100,*)xtemp(k),ytemp(k),utemp(k),vtemp(k)
ENDDO
CLOSE(100)
ENDIF
!****
m=0;n=1
DO p = 1,ipix*jpix
IF(m.EQ.ipix)THEN
m = 0;n = n+1
ENDIf
m = m+1
Changing the sign on all the instantaneous U values
UinstD(m,n,i) = -utemp(p)
VinstD(m,n,i) = vtemp(p)
ENDDO
ENDDO
WRITE(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'DOWNSTREAM files read in.............'
! *** Change the x locations on the files to a relative value
! x = 0 is at the downstream side of the upstream spacer
DO p = 1,ipix
xU(p) = -xU(p) + x_upper
xD(p) = -xD(p) + x_lower + delta_x
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ENDDO
! Determine the length of the overlap region
IF(j.EQ.1)THEN
OV_pix = 0
qstart = 1
DO p = 1,ipix
DO q = qstart,ipix-1
IF((xU(p).LE.xD(q)).AND.(xU(p).GE.xD(q+1)))THEN
OV_pix = OV_pix
qstart = q
ENDIF
ENDDO
ENDDO
+ 1
x_all = ipix*2-OV_pix
!
Write(*,*)'Total number of pixels = ',x_all
Write(35,'(A7,I3,A3,I3,A3,I3,A8)') &
'ZONE I=',x_all,',J=',jpix,',K=',np,',F=POINT'
ENDIF
ALLOCATE(x(x_all),y(jpix),vv(x_all,jpix),Uavg(x_all,jpix), &
Vavg(x_all,jpix),u2avg(x_all,jpix),v2avg(x_all,jpix), &
uvavg(x_all,jpix),TKE(x_all,jpix))
!
Calculate averages at the Upstream location
WRITE(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'Performing UPSTREAM calculations..............'
uprmU = 0.0; vprmU = 0.0
DO m=1,ipix
DO n = 1,jpix
!
Calculate Uavg and Vavg at the &
Upstream location
vvU = 0; Usum = 0.0; Vsum = 0.0
DO k = 1,nn
IF((uinstU(m,n,k).NE.0.0) &
.OR.(vinstU(m,n,k).NE.0.0))THEN
vvU(m,n) = vvU(m,n)+1
Usum = Usum +
uinstU(m,n,k)
Vsum = Vsum +
vinstU(m,n,k)
EndIf
ENDDO
If(vvU(m,n).LT.minvv)THEN
UavgU(m,n) = 0.0;
VavgU(m,n) = 0.0
ELSE
UavgU(m,n) = Usum/vvU(m,n);
VavgU(m,n) =
&
Vsum/vvU(m,n)
ENDIF
!
Calculate U prime and V prime at the &
Upstream location
DO k = 1,nn
IF((uinstU(m,n,k).NE.0.0) &
.OR.(vinstU(m,n,k).NE.0.0))THEN
uprmU(m,n,k) = uinstU(m,n,k) - &
UavgU(m,n)
vprmU(m,n,k) = vinstU(m,n,k) - &
VavgU(m,n)
EndIf
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ENDDO
Usum = 0.0; Vsum = 0.0; UVsum = 0.0
DO k = 1,nn
IF(vvU(m,n).GE.minvv)THEN
Usum = Usum + &
uprmU(m,n,k)*uprmU(m,n,k)
Vsum = Vsum + &
vprmU(m,n,k)*vprmU(m,n,k)
UVsum = UVsum + &
uprmU(m,n,k)*vprmU(m,n,k)
EndIf
ENDDO
!
Calculate Reynolds stresses at the &
Upstream location
If(vvU(m,n).LT.minvv)THEN
u2avgU(m,n) = 0.0
v2avgU(m,n) = 0.0
uvavgU(m,n) = 0.0
TKE_U(m,n) = 0.0
ELSE
u2avgU(m,n) = Usum / vvU(m,n)
v2avgU(m,n) = Vsum / vvU(m,n)
uvavgU(m,n) = UVsum / vvU(m,n)
TKE_U(m,n) =
(u2avgU(m,n)+v2avgU(m,n))*0.5
ENDIF
ENDDO
ENDDO
Write(*,*)'Upstream complete'
!
Calculate averages at the Downstream location
WRITE(*,*)
WRITE(*,*)'Performing DOWNSTREAM calculations..............'
uprmD = 0.0; vprmD = 0.0
DO m=1,ipix
DO n = 1,jpix
!
Calculate Uavg and Vavg at the &
Downstream location
vvD = 0; Usum = 0.0; Vsum = 0.0
DO k = 1,nn
IF((uinstD(m,n,k).NE.0.0) &
.OR.(vinstD(m,n,k).NE.0.0))THEN
vvD(m,n) = vvD(m,n)+1
Usum = Usum +
uinstD(m,n,k)
Vsum = Vsum +
vinstD(m,n,k)
EndIf
ENDDO
If(vvD(m,n).LT.minvv)THEN
UavgD(m,n) = 0.0;
VavgD(m,n) = 0.0
ELSE
UavgD(m,n) = Usum/vvD(m,n);
VavgD(m,n) =
&
Vsum/vvD(m,n)
ENDIF
!
Calculate U prime and V prime at &
the Downstream location
DO k = 1,nn
IF((uinstD(m,n,k).NE.0.0) &
.OR.(vinstD(m,n,k).NE.0.0))THEN
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uprmD(m,n,k) = uinstD(m,n,k) UavgD(m,n)
vprmD(m,n,k) = vinstD(m,n,k) VavgD(m,n)
&
&
EndIf
ENDDO
!
Calculate Reynolds stresses at the &
Downstream location
Usum = 0.0; Vsum = 0.0; UVsum = 0.0
DO k = 1,nn
IF(vvD(m,n).GE.minvv)THEN
Usum = Usum + &
uprmD(m,n,k)*uprmD(m,n,k)
Vsum = Vsum + &
vprmD(m,n,k)*vprmD(m,n,k)
UVsum = UVsum + &
uprmD(m,n,k)*vprmD(m,n,k)
EndIf
ENDDO
If(vvD(m,n).LT.minvv)THEN
u2avgD(m,n) = 0.0
v2avgD(m,n) = 0.0
uvavgD(m,n) = 0.0
TKE_D(m,n) = 0.0
ELSE
u2avgD(m,n) = Usum / vvD(m,n)
v2avgD(m,n) = Vsum / vvD(m,n)
uvavgD(m,n) = UVsum / vvD(m,n)
TKE_D(m,n) =
(u2avgD(m,n)+v2avgD(m,n))*0.5
ENDIF
ENDDO
ENDDO
Write(*,*)'Downstream complete'
! Splice the Upstream and Downstream values
! averagingin the overlap area
i=1;iU=200;iD=198
DO WHILE(iD.GE.1)
IF(iU.GT.OV_pix-2)THEN
x(i) = xU(iU); vv(i,:) = vvU(iU,:); Uavg(i,:) = UavgU(iU,:)
Vavg(i,:) = VavgU(iU,:); u2avg(i,:) = u2avgU(iU,:)
v2avg(i,:) = v2avgU(iU,:); uvavg(i,:) = uvavgU(iU,:)
TKE(i,:) = TKE_U(iU,:)
i = i+1; iU = iU-1
ElseIF(iU.GE.3)THEN
x(i) = (xU(iU)+xD(iD)+xD(iD-1))/3.0
vv(i,:) = (vvU(iU,:)+vvD(iD,:)+vvD(iD-1,:))/3.0
Uavg(i,:) = (UavgU(iU,:)+UavgD(iD,:)+UavgD(iD-1,:))/3.0
Vavg(i,:) = (VavgU(iU,:)+VavgD(iD,:)+VavgD(iD-1,:))/3.0
u2avg(i,:) = (u2avgU(iU,:)+u2avgD(iD,:)+u2avgD(iD-1,:))/3.0
v2avg(i,:) = (v2avgU(iU,:)+v2avgD(iD,:)+v2avgD(iD-1,:))/3.0
uvavg(i,:) = (uvavgU(iU,:)+uvavgD(iD,:)+uvavgD(iD-1,:))/3.0
TKE(i,:) = (TKE_U(iU,:)+TKE_D(iD,:)+TKE_D(iD-1,:))/3.0
i = i+1;
iU = iU-1;
iD = iD-1
ELSE
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x(i) = xD(iD); vv(i,:) = vvD(iD,:); Uavg(i,:) = UavgD(iD,:)
Vavg(i,:) = VavgD(iD,:); u2avg(i,:) = u2avgD(iD,:)
v2avg(i,:) = v2avgD(iD,:); uvavg(i,:) = uvavgD(iD,:)
TKE(i,:) = TKE_D(iD,:)
i = i+1; iD = iD-1
ENDIF
ENDDO
y = yU
!Write a file storing the data at the current plane and &
add to the 3D file
WRITE(*,*)
Write(*,*)'Writing to file: ',filewrite_all
open(unit=25,file=filewrite_all)
Write(25,'(A48)')'VARIABLES =
"x","y","U","V","u2","v2","uv","TKE"'
Write(25,'(A7,I3,A3,I3,A8)')'ZONE I=',x_all,',J=',jpix,',F=POINT'
DO p = 1,jpix
DO i = 1,x_all
write(25,'(8F12.6)')x(i),y(p),Uavg(i,p),Vavg(i,p), &
u2avg(i,p),v2avg(i,p),uvavg(i,p),TKE(i,p)
write(35,'(10F12.6)')x(i),y(p),zpos,Uavg(i,p),Vavg(i,p), &
u2avg(i,p),v2avg(i,p),uvavg(i,p),TKE(i,p),vv(i,p)
ENDDO
EndDo
close(25)
! move to the next plane and repeat
zpos = zpos + zstep
! Deallocate arrays
DEALLOCATE(x,y,vv,Uavg,Vavg,u2avg,v2avg,uvavg,TKE)
!
Write(*,*)'Press Enter to continue to next plane'
!
READ(*,'(a)')tempin
EndDo
222 FORMAT(1x,i6,A4,i6,2f10.3,2f7.3)
close(35)
END PROGRAM main
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